THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

1964 - 1968

Challenges and Changes in the Civil Rights Movement 1964-

68

New Leaders

Black Nationalism

Increased violence

JOHNSON& CIVIL RIGHTS

1964-68

Northern Segregation

Inner City Ghettos

De facto segregationWhite Flight

CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS& the Black Power Movement

Malcolm X

Stokely Carmichael

Huey Newton

Eldridge Cleaver

Bobby Seale

Race Riots

Harlem , Rochester 1964 New York

Los Angeles1965 Watts RiotsCalifornia

Detroit1967 Michigan

1968 : The Commission on Civil Disorders

Urban Violence

THE KERNER COMMISSION

“Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black , one white – separate and unequal.”

MALCOLM X

Nation of Islam

Radical Views

Black Pride

Racial Separation

“Concerning nonviolence: It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal

attacks.” 1964

Elijah Muhammed

“Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the

ballot.”1965

Ballots or Bullets ?

Rally in Harlem, June 29, 1963, at the height of his popularity as a public speaker.

Malcolm X

Malcolm X“Concerning nonviolence:

It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks . It is legal and lawful to own a shotgun or a rifle. …The time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked.”

1964

MLK & Malcolm X “Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot.”

1965Ballots or Bullets Speech

Malcolm X : 1925-1965

Gunned down three months before his 40th birthday, Malcolm X's life was cut short just when his thinking had reached a critical juncture.

Stokely Carmichael

SNCC

Black Power

“This is the twenty-seventh time I have been arrested – and I ain’t going to jail no more !… We been saying freedom for six years – and we ain’t got nothin’. What we’re gonna start

saying now is BLACK POWER.”

Black separatism + self sufficiency

Black pride + cultural heritage of blacks

Self assertion + retaliation against violence

1968 :Olympic Gameso Mexico Cityo Black

medalists raise fists for Civil Rights Movement

o The two men were Tommie Smith and John Carlos

Black Panthers

Huey NewtonBobby Seale

self defense

self sufficiency

justice and equality

Oakland , CA

founders

1966

Black Panther Party

Founders: (left) Bobby Seale -

national chairman:(right) Huey Newton

- defense minister

Eldridge CleaverBlack Panther leader

Black Panther Rally

Police and Panthers face off at Oakland Courthouse

Black Panther Rally

1968

Martin Luther King , Jr. Assassinated

Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated

End of Civil Rights Movement

Maya Angelou - 1993“Lift up your faces ,you

have a piercing need For this bright morning

dawning on you . History , despite its

wrenching pain, Cannot be unlived,but if faced with courage need not be lived again.

Lift up your eyesUpon this day breaking

for you. Give birth again To the dream.” -On the Pulse of Morning

-

CONTROVERSY continuedand continues

Bussing Racial Profiling

Affirmative Action

Reverse Discrimination

IS IT

OR

James Brown 60s soul artist SAY IT LOUD

I’m Black and I’m Proud