The Cities
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The Cities A l l i a n c e www.citiesalliance.org A G A G LOBAL LOBAL P P ARTNERSHIP ARTNERSHIP W W ITH ITH C C ITIES ITIES TO TO M M EET EET THE THE C C HALLENGE HALLENGE OF OF P P RO RO - - P P OOR OOR P P OLICIES OLICIES AND AND P P ROSPEROUS ROSPEROUS C C ITIES ITIES W W ITHOUT ITHOUT S S LUMS LUMS
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The Cities. A l l i a n c e. A G LOBAL P ARTNERSHIP W ITH C ITIES TO M EET THE C HALLENGE OF P RO -P OOR P OLICIES AND P ROSPEROUS C ITIES W ITHOUT S LUMS. www.citiesalliance.org. W HY F OCUS ON U RBAN P OOR?. W HAT DO WE KNOW OF URBAN POVERTY ?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Cities
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
A GA GLOBALLOBAL P PARTNERSHIPARTNERSHIP WWITHITH C CITIESITIES TOTO M MEETEET THETHE C CHALLENGEHALLENGE OFOF
PPRORO-P-POOROOR P POLICIESOLICIES ANDAND PPROSPEROUSROSPEROUS C CITIESITIES
WWITHOUTITHOUT S SLUMSLUMS
WWHAT DO WE KNOW OF HAT DO WE KNOW OF
URBAN POVERTYURBAN POVERTY??
WWHY HY FFOCUS ON OCUS ON UURBAN RBAN PPOOR?OOR?
WWHAT DO WE KNOW OF HAT DO WE KNOW OF SLUM UPGRADINGSLUM UPGRADING ? ?
The Challenge of the New Urban Poor
United Nations, “World Urbanization Prospects,” 1999 revision.
City 2000 2015
Addis Ababa 2.6 5.0Antananarivo 1.5 2.9Bamako 1.1 2.1Dhaka 12.3 21.1Hyderabad 6.8 10.5Jakarta 11 17.3Lagos 13.4 23.1Ndjamena 1.0 1.9
In the next 15 years, many cities in Africa and
Asia will nearly double in population.
Out of the statistical data and into the slums
Who are these new urban residents ?
More than half will be born in cities
The balance will be poor migrants in search of a better life
The Challenge of the New Urban Poor
The Challenge of the New Urban Poor
The urban poor are trapped in an informal, illegal world
Slums
Their “local authorities” are usually the slumlords or local mafia
not reflected on maps
often situated on marginal and dangerous land
taxes are not paid
public services are not provided.
Officially, often, they do not exist
The Challenge of the New Urban Poor
The Paradox : the growth of poverty :
increasingly, the greatest global challenge is being managed at the local level
The Challenge of the New Urban Poor
The new urban poor
Where will they live?
Which land should they use?
Which schools will their children go to?
Where will they get their water?
How will their rubbish be collected?
Where should they vote?
Who will protect them?
The Challenge of the New Urban Poor
These are difficult questions,
but there are answers
The problem is that many cities
are not asking these questions
• They merit the basic rights of urban citizens
• They save with and borrow from each other
• They build their own shelter
• They create their own networks when formal institutions fail to serve them
• The urban poor are a key part of the solution
Why focus on the urban poor?
The Potential of Partnership
““. . . what we are now seeing. . . is that the poor . . . what we are now seeing. . . is that the poor have done much more for themselves than what we have done much more for themselves than what we
can actually do for them. can actually do for them.
For example, what the poor in Egypt have (in For example, what the poor in Egypt have (in assets) is about 100 times more than all the foreign assets) is about 100 times more than all the foreign
aid that they received in the last 50 years.”aid that they received in the last 50 years.”
. . . The entrepreneurial ingenuity of the poor has . . . The entrepreneurial ingenuity of the poor has created wealth on a vast scale – wealth that also created wealth on a vast scale – wealth that also constitutes by far the largest source of potential constitutes by far the largest source of potential
capital for development.” capital for development.”
--Hernando DeSoto. The Mystery of Capital.
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
What do we know of
urban poverty ?
Livelihoods, income and occupation
Assets, savings and possessions
Support and dependency Ill health
Alcohol abuseDebt
Insecurity
Insecurity
Livelihoods, income and occupation
Assets, savings and possessions
Support and dependency Ill health
Alcohol abuseDebt
Insecurity
Livelihoods, income and occupation
Assets, savings and possessions
Support and dependency Ill health
Alcohol abuseDebt
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
A GA GLOBALLOBAL P PARTNERSHIPARTNERSHIP WWITHITH C CITIESITIES TOTO M MEETEET THETHE C CHALLENGEHALLENGE OFOF
PPRORO-P-POOROOR P POLICIESOLICIES ANDAND PPROSPEROUSROSPEROUS C CITIESITIES
WWITHOUTITHOUT S SLUMSLUMS
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
What have we learnt about
slum upgrading in India ?
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slums
Definition
1. Not all slum dwellers are poor
2. Not all poor live in slums
3. Slum dwellers play a vital role in the economy
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slums
Definition
4. Often defined by land ownership
5. Densely populated, “under-serviced” settlements irrespective of land ownership
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slum Upgrading
Basic Services :
• Water supply
• Sanitation
• Access : roads / pathways
• Drainage
• Solid waste management
• Street Lighting, preferably electricity connections
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slum Upgrading
Lessons learnt to date :
1. One dollar spent on slum upgrading is multiplied many fold
2. All residents benefit from improved services: both the poor and the less-poor
3. Need to consider maintenance of services up front
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slum Upgrading
Lessons learnt to date :
4. In-situ upgrading is preferable
5. Relocation should only be considered in completely “untenable” situations
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slum Upgrading
Lessons learnt to date :
6. For maximum impact some degree of tenure security is vital …. then
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slum Upgrading
Lessons learnt to date :
7. … provide basic services and …
housing will follow ...
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
Slum Upgrading
Lessons learnt to date :
8. Fully involve the community
9. Open “space” for dialogue with authorities
10. WIN - WIN situations are becoming much more common
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
A GA GLOBALLOBAL P PARTNERSHIPARTNERSHIP WWITHITH C CITIESITIES TOTO M MEETEET THETHE C CHALLENGEHALLENGE OFOF
PPRORO-P-POOROOR P POLICIESOLICIES ANDAND PPROSPEROUSROSPEROUS C CITIESITIES
WWITHOUTITHOUT S SLUMSLUMS
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
www.citiesalliance.org
How many uses are there for a road?
• Use as a pavement to sort rubbish Play area for children
Location and depot for cycle taxis Bed : to sleep on when it is hot
• Spare room for guests to sleep Base for tent for festivals
Site for hawkers to use Dry place to sit in the cool breeze
– Relatives are now able to visit Site for drying and washing clothes
• Run off for waste water– Door to door hire purchase now available
• Allow daily collection for loans and savings– Use for social functions like marriages and festivals
The CitiesA l l i a n c e
