The Circulatory System

What goes toward the

cells?

What is leaving the

cells?

Nutrients, Oxygen, and

Water

CO2 and other wastes

• To transport materials throughout the human

body

• To bring substances to and from the cells.

What is it’s Function?

What organs/parts are needed for a

circulatory system?

Pump • Heart

Pipes 3 Types of Blood Vessels

• Arteries

• Veins

• Capillaries

&

The Human Heart

• Has 2 upper chambers called atria (atrium)

• Has 2 lower chambers called ventricles

• Left side pumps blood to the body

• Right side pumps blood to the lungs

Atria vs. Ventricles

• Receives blood from

the body and lungs

(collecting chamber)

• Thin walled

• Little muscle

• Gets blood from

atria

• Pumps blood to all

parts of the body

• Thick walled

• Very muscular

The Human Heart 1. Aorta

2. Superior Vena Cava

3. Right Atrium

4. Semilunar Valves

(pulmonary and aortic)

5. Right Ventricle

6. Inferior Vena Cava

7. Pulmonary Artery

8. Pulmonary Vein

9. Left Atrium

10.Mitral (bicuspid) Valve

11.Left Ventricle

12.Septum

13.Tricuspid Valve

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atomy.cfm

Direction of

blood flow 1. Body

2. Vena Cava(superior

and inferior)

3. Right Atrium

4. Right Ventricle

5. Pulmonary Artery

6. Lungs

7. Pulmonary Vein

8. Left Atrium

9. Left Ventricle

10.Aorta

11.Body

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atomy.cfm

• O2 to CO2

• CO2

• CO2

• CO2

• CO2

• O2

• O2

• O2

• O2

• O2

• O2 to CO2

Location Oxygenation

Artificial Pacemakers

The Blood Vessels

1. Arteries

2. Veins

3. Capillaries

Arteries vs. Veins

Any vessel in which

blood flows away from

the heart

Fast blood flow

Deep within the body’s

tissue

Heart

Thick and elastic to

allow a pulse

Any vessel in which blood

flows to the heart.

Slow blood flow

On the surface next to

muscles

Muscles with one way

valves.

Thin layer

Direction of

Flow

Speed of Flow

Location

Method of

Movement

Thickness of

vessel

Thin walled vessels which:

Drop off: nutrients and oxygen

Pick up: CO2 and wastes

Using: the process of osmosis

Capillaries

Questions

Where are capillaries found in the human body?

Put the three blood vessels in order from thickest to

thinnest.

Where are the capillaries that pick up digested food?

Blood

4 Components

1. Red Blood Cells (RBC)

2. White Blood Cells (WBC)

3. Platelets

4. Plasma

Blood

Plasma: •Yellowish Liquid

•92% Water

•Contains dissolved nutrients and

wastes

Blood

Red Blood Cells

(RBC): o Shaped like berets

o Contain hemoglobin(an iron

containing protein) to which

oxygen binds

o Made in bone marrow

o 120 day life span

o Broken down in your liver and

spleen when old

Blood

White Blood Cells

(WBC) o Bigger than RBC

o Develop in the bone marrow

o Defend against bacteria and

viruses.

o A part of your immune system

4

Blood

Platelets o Bits of cells from bone marrow

o Last about 10 days

o They prevent bleeding by collecting

around the cut, release the enzyme fibrin

which weaves fibers across the cut,

trapping RBC & plasma. Plasma sets and

hardens forming a clot called a scab. A

scab is a surface blood clot.

3

Blood

Lymph o As blood moves through capillaries,

plasma leaks out and surrounds the body’s

cells. It collects in a system of vessels and

is now called lymph. The lymph vessels

transport lymph back into the blood

stream. Lymph nodes remove bacteria

from the lymph.

1

Blood Groups

There are 4 different blood groups

Type A

Type B

Type AB

Type O

— Has an A protein attached to the outer

edge of the RBC

— Has a B protein attached to the outer

edge of the RBC

— Has an A & B protein attached to the

outer edge of the RBC

— Has no A or B protein attached.

Blood Groups

You can not transfer all blood to every

person because some types have an anti-

chemical that causes the cells to clump

together. This could cause death.

Blood Groups

Blood

Group

Proteins on

RBC

Clumping

Chemicals

in Plasma

Can Accept

Transfusion

s from

Group A A Anti B A, O

B B Anti A B, O

AB A, B None A, B, AB,

O

O None Anti A, Anti B

O

The protein on the RBC is like a

nation’s flag. It signals to other

red blood cells that we are on

the same side.

Clumping chemicals are like missiles

that attack any foreign objects or

RBC with a different flag. (like “B”

proteins/flags)

Blood Groups

Rh Factor • Surface of human RBC has a group of

18 proteins

• If a person has any one of these

proteins they are Rh+

• If a person has none they are Rh-

• Rh- can donate to Rh+, but Rh+

cannot donate to Rh-

Rh = rhesus

monkey

J.M.Garg

Blood Groups

Blood

Group

Proteins on

RBC

Clumping

Chemicals

in Plasma

Can Accept

Transfusion

s from

Group A A Anti B A, O

B B Anti A B, O

AB A, B None A, B, AB,

O

O None Anti A, Anti B

O

Cardiovascular Disease

Atherosclerosis

• Thickening of the inner lining of the

arteries

• Caused when cholesterol, fat-like

substances, collect on the inner lining

of the artery

• The muscle cells, of the heart, that do

not get enough O2, die.

Cardiovascular Disease

Atherosclerosis

• Leads to a heart attack, (cardiac

arrest) when a blockage of blood flow

occurs in an artery supplying blood to

the heart muscle

• Leads to a stroke, when the blockage

occurs in an artery supplying blood to

the brain

Copyright © 2011 Nephron

Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension – (high blood pressure)

• Force of blood + resistance of blood

vessel walls.

• Increases the stress on the heart

muscle.

• Called “silent killer” – no symptoms

Medical Fixes

Angioplasty

Medical Fixes

Bypass Surgery

Imagine your are a blood cell passing

into the lungs. List all the structures in

order that you pass through before you

enter the lungs for a second time.

Nasal Passage

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Capillaries

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium

Bicuspid Valve

Left Ventricle

Aortic Valve

Aorta

Arteries (left bicep)

Arterioles

Capillaries

Respiration

Oxygen Glucose

Through DIFFUSION, we passed through the

capillaries into one of Mr. Levine’s brain cells.

ATP

Respiration

CO2 H2O

You are now a part of CO2 molecule. What

structures do you encounter on your way out of Mr.

Levine’s body?

Capillaries

Venules

Veins

Superior Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Tricuspid Valve

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary Artery

Lungs (and your exhaled through the capillaries)