The Circulatory System

Natalie Janowiak, Anthony Storck, Emma Schwartz, Matt Gutt, Matt

Gerber

Open Circulatory System

• Blood directly bathes internal organs• Hemolymph- body fluid, same as

blood and interstitial fluid• Heart pumps hemolymph through

vessels into sinuses, where materials are exchanged with cells, and then returned to the heart

Ex) insects, arthropods, molluskssuch as crayfish and grasshoppers

Closed Circulatory System

• Contains blood within vessels

• Heart(s),blood vessels, blood

• Heart pumps blood

• Blood travels through vessels and into organs

• Blood and interstitial fluids exchange materials

Closed vs Open System

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Parts of the System

• Heart: a muscular pump to move the blood

• Blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins that deliver blood to all tissues

• Blood: a connective tissue.

Blood

• Blood supplies oxygen, glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to the tissues

• It removes urea, carbon dioxide and lactic acid,• The blood coagulates which helps to stop bleedings• The blood transports hormones and signals tissue

damage• It regulates body temperature and body phlood is made of red and white blood cells,

platelets, and plasmalood is made by bone marrow

Blood continued

• Vertebrates all have closed circulatory systems

• Mollusks and arthropods have an open circulatory system with hemolymph

• Hemolymph is a combination of blood and interstitial fluid, composed of water, inorganic salts, and organic compounds.

• In closed circulatory systems, hemolymph is separate from blood

• Some animals such as flat worms have no circulatory system, but they have an extensive digestive system

Blood Vessels (Arteries)

• Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from heart.

• Arterial walls are able to expand and contract.

• Arteries have three layers of thick walls.

• Arteries branch off into arterioles.

Blood Vessels (Capillaries/ Veins)

• Capillaries- branch off from arterioles• Microscopic vessels with thin, porous

walls• Chemicals exchange between blood

and interstitial fluid here• Capillaries converge into venules which

lead into veins• Veins return blood to the heart

Four Chambered Heart

• completely separates oxygen-rich and oxygen-depleted blood.

• 2 Atria/2 Ventricles• Different blood not

mixed• Ex) Humans, birds,

mammals

Three Chambered Hearts

• Ex) Frog• 2 Atria / 1 Ventricle• Amphibian heart

rate depends upon the outside temperature

Two Chambered Heart

• Ex) Perch• 1 Atrium/1 Ventricle• Rudimentary valve

located between the chambers

Aortic Arches

• Ex) Earthworm• Simple structure, not

a true heart• Five arches

Cardiovascular Diseases

• Leading cause of death in the U.S.

• Ex) heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, hypertension (high blood pressure),

References

• http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=17&cat=1848&articleid=2951

• http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html• http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html