The Circulatory System
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Transcript of The Circulatory System
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The Circulatory System
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Function
• It’s main function is Transportation • Blood is used as a transport vehicle
– transports oxygen, nutrients, cell waste (such as Carbon dioxide), hormones and antibodies vital to maintaining homeostasis to and from cells
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Parts of the Circulatory System
• Divided into three major parts:– The Heart – The Blood Vessels – The Blood
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The Major Organ-The Heart
• Heart acts as pump• The heart pumps 60-80 beats per minute (at
rest)• At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of
blood a minute.• During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can
pump 40 quarts a minute.
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Structure
• Size of your fist • Large organ composed of
– cardiac muscle--called myocardium– Enclosed by a sac –called PERICARDIUM
– rich in mitochondria– 4 hollow chambers– Contain valves to keep blood flowing in ONE
direction
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The pathway looks like a circle
• The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system.
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The Chambers
• The heart has 4 hollow chambers • Upper chambers – atrium receives blood
coming in from the veins – Left & right Atrium
• Lower chambers - ventricle squeezes blood out into the arteries – Left & right ventricle
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http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
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Collins I4 lines
• Describe the heart !!
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Agenda 1/4/12 ---Day 6
• Review heart diagram• Do more heart diagrams• Heart interactive• Discuss Chapter 7 Test• Circulatory system worksheet (HW)
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Double Pump
• The two ventricles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart
• Each chamber pumps blood out of the heart but to different pathways
• That is why the heart is considered to be a double pump
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3 Kinds of Circulation:
• Pulmonary circulation• Coronary circulation• Systemic circulation
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Pulmonary Circulation
• Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again
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Pulmonary Circulation Pathway
1. The right Atria receives oxygen poor blood from the body.
2. blood moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped out to the lungs via pulmonary arteries
3. O₂ is exchanged for CO₂ 4. Oxygen rich blood now leaves lungs and
returns to the heart
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sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ pulmonary.html
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Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart
and lungs
THIS IS THE LARGEST PATHWAY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!
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Systemic Circulation Pathway
• Oxygen rich blood returning from the lungs now enters the left atrium
• Moves through the valves to the left ventricle• The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood
out the Aorta• The blood is then carried from aorta to blood
vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to ALL tissues of the body
• Blood returns (oxygen poor) back to right atria
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http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html
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Coronary Circulation
• Coronary arteries branch immediately off the aorta and provide blood to the heart tissue
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http://sln.fi.edu/biosci2/systems/
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http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/systemic.html
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Blood Vessels
Hollow tubes that circulate your blood • Arteries• Veins• Capillaries
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Arteries
• Carry blood AWAY from the heart• Heart pumps blood • Main artery called the aorta • Aorta divides and branches • Many smaller arteries • Each region of your body has system of
arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.
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SSR
• First 10 minutes
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Capillaries
• Very thin• Only one cell thick• Connect arteries & veins• Food and oxygen released to the body cells • Carbon dioxide and other waste products
returned to the bloodstream
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Veins
• Carry blood to the heart• Receive blood from the capillaries• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back
to the lungs and heart • Valves are located inside the veins • Allow blood to move in one direction
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http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/circulation.html
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http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html
Overview of Blood Vessels
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Blood composition
•Plasma• Formed elements
–RBC–WBC–Platelets
Other material
• O₂• CO₂• Nutrients• Antibodies• Hormones
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Blood
• Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells.
• Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule• Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs• Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)
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Blood
• Hemoglobin carries CO2 also
• CO2 is a waste product of cellular work
• 70% of CO2 combines with water
• The rest travels to the lungs
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Blood – RBCs
• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
• Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to the lungs
• About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.
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http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
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Blood – WBCs
• White blood cells protect the body from germs
• Attack and destroy germs when they enter the body
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scienceu.fsu.edu www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/ illus/167i2.htm
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Blood – Platelets and Plasma
• Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding
• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood• About half of your blood is made of plasma• The plasma carries the blood cells throughout
the body• Plasma is made in the liver.
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user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm
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SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are
made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood
________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries
and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main
things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry
______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and
_________ to help blood clot.
away
platelets
towards capillaries
plasma
oxygen
muscular
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Some Disorders and Diseases of the Circulatory System
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DISORDERS
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS– Fatty deposits called plaque– Builds up in walls of arteries– Obstructs flow– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow
elsewhere
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Disorders (cont)
• Hypertension– High blood pressure– Hearts works harder than necessary– Increases risk of heart attack or stroke
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Disorders (cont)
• Heart Attack– Atherosclerosis in coronary artery– Heart muscle begins to die
• Symptoms– Nausea– Shortness of breath– Severe chest pain
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY
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Disorders (cont)
• Stroke– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to
brain– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
• Or blood vessel burst
– Can lead to paralysis, • loss of ability to speak• death
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Collins I4 lines
• Describe the order of blood flow through the heart beginning with veins
• You can use your notes!
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Agenda1/6/12—Day 2
• Heart model• Heat dissection• Review power point
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1. The overall function of the circulatory system is
• A. Gas exchange• B. Transportation• C. Blood production• D. Clotting
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2. The ___________ is the main organ of the circulatory system
• A. Heart• B. Blood Vessels• C. Blood• D. Lungs
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3. The circuit that carries blood to and from all the cells is the
• A. Pulmonary Circulation• B. Coronary Circulation• C. Blood Circulation• D. Systemic Circulation
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4. The circuit that carries blood to and from the lungs is the
• A. Pulmonary Circulation• B. Coronary Circulation• C. Blood Circulation• D. Systemic Circulation
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5. The circuit that carries the blood to and from the heart itself
• A. Pulmonary Circulation• B. Coronary Circulation• C. Blood Circulation• D. Systemic Circulation
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6. The “plumbing” of the circulatory system is the
• A. Heart• B. Lungs• C. Blood• D. Blood Vessels
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7. The arteries carry blood
• A. Within the heart• B. Away from the heart• C. Toward the heart• D. Oxygen poor blood
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8. _______ join arteries and veins
• A. Arterioles• B. Venules• C. Capillaries• D. Blood
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9. The arteries are carrying
• A. Oxygen poor blood• B. Oxygen rich blood• C. Waste rich blood• D. Carbon dioxide rich blood
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10. The ________ side of the heart deals with oxygen poor blood
• A. Right• B. Left
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11. The oxygen poor blood enters the heart through
• A. Vena Cava's• B. Pulmonary arteries• C. Pulmonary Veins• D. Aorta
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12. The __________ pump blood out of the heart
• A. Aorta• B. Pulmonary artery• C. Atria• D. Ventricles
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13. The largest of the three circuits is the
• A. Pulmonary• B. Coronary• C. Systemic
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14. Oxygen rich blood exits the lungs and enters
• A. Right atria• B. Left atria• C. Right ventricle• D. Left ventricle
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15. The oxygen rich blood exits the heart through the
• A. Left atria• B. Pulmonary Artery• C. Aorta• D. Coronary Artery
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16. The oxygen poor blood leaves the right ventricle through
• A. Left atria• B. Pulmonary Artery• C. Aorta• D. Coronary Artery
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17. Gas exchange occurs in the
• A. Heart• B. Aorta• C. Superior Vena Cava's• D. Lungs
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18. The superior Vena Cava is located
• A. Above the heart• B. Below the heart
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19. Blood travels in one direction due to
• A. Blood flow• B. Blood vessels• C. The heart• D. Valves
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20. How many chambers are located in the heart
• A. One• B. Two• C. Three• D. Four
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21. The top chambers are called
• A. Ventricles• B. Atria
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22. The bottom chambers are called
• A. Ventricles• B. Atria
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23. What prevents the blood form mixing inside the heart?
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24. How does material enter and exit the blood vessels?
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25. Which answer shows the correct order of blood flow
• A. Vena cava's, r. ventricle, r. atria, pulmonary artery
• B. Vena cavas, l. atria, l. ventricle, pulmonary artery
• C. Vena cavas, r. atria, r. ventricle, pulmonary artery
• D. Vena cava's, aorta, pulmonary artery