The Church and Society &

Late Middle Ages

The Church and Society• 1050-1150 strongest religious push.• Many monasteries and convents were

made/started.• New religious orders started to pop up.

Men were called friars: latin for brother.• Catholicism was still #1 in W. Europe, On

Sundays people went to Mass.• Communion was taken: bread and wine• Prayed to Saints, who were in the

presence of God. Named churches after them and touched relics.

The Church and Society• The Inquisition: The Church fearful of

people not believing in them. Pursued heretics on charges of heresy.

• Pursued Jews as well for beliefs and banking (interest=sin)

• This created anti-semitism

• Had to live places and have jobs Christians didn’t want.

Society and culture• Boom in art/architecture• People with wealth paid for large cathedrals to be built• Romanesque: church that is square w/ rounded domes• Gothic: has ribbed vaults & pointed arches• Bologna, Italy; Paris, France; Oxford, England (1231) had the

first universities. Trained scholars; tested orally, could earn a specific degree like theology w/ more school.

• Guilds were also around the they trained craftsmen.• Thomas Aquinas greatest Scholasticism. Used Aristotle's

teachings of reason, said “natural law gave people rights.”• Vernacular = everyday language, which was Latin & other

languages. Wrote troubadour poetry

Late Middle Ages• The plague took Europe in late 1200’s-1300’s. Killed

roughly 32 million people.• Europe’s Economy

100 years War 1337-1453• French vs. English over Normandy.

Edward 3, Henry V, & Charles• English Archers at Crecy.• Joan, was a peasant & honest, Orleans.• Results in civil war called “War of Roses”

in England. Henry Tudor becomes Henry the VII

Spain and Portugal• Muslims held the Iberian peninsula, Spain

and Portugal.

• Built Alhambra

• Made schools for all

• Christians started the Reconquista

• Christians made three kingdoms: Portugal, Castile, & Aragon.

Spain and Portugal• 1496 Princess Isabella

of Castile and Prince Ferdinand of Aragon marry.

• Wanted Spain to be Catholic

• Spanish Inquisition. Thousands tortured and killed.

• Exodus of Jews• 10 year conquest

forced Muslims to N. Africa