The Chicano Movement

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Chicano

• A Mexican American

• A term of ethnic pride

• Developed out of the Hispanic Civil Rights Movement.

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COLD CALL…

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Chicano Movement• Focused on 3 main Points:

–Farm Workers

–Educational Rights

–Voting and Political Rights

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United Farm Workers• During the 1940’s and 1950’s

landowners in the West, especially California exploited their workers.

• The U.S. had allowed Mexicans to work in the U.S. during WWII. However, after the war employers were suppose to give preference to U.S. citizens.

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THINK-PAIR-SHARE…

• THINK – What are 2 ways that the employers may have “exploited” the Mexican workers?

• PAIR with someone close to you

• SHARE what you came up with

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United Farm Workers• Most employers continued to

use Mexican workers, because they could pay them very low wages, make them work long hours without a break, and mistreat them. They were also denied the ability to become citizens.7

United Farm Workers

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United Farm Workers• Cesar Chavez and Dolores

Huerta joined their two organizations to create the United Farm Workers.

• The goal was to unionize for better wages, working conditions, benefits.9

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United Farm Workers• The group staged peaceful

protests and boycotts.• They organized workers which

forced the employers to meet their demands.

• Filipinos also joined the workers.

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United Farm Workers• Benefits:

–Specific Hours and Pay

–Toilets and Water in fields

–Pension after retirement

–Protective gear against pesticides

–Amnesty for workers brought illegally.13

Educational Rights• Issues in education:

–Hispanic students were often placed in segregated schools.

–Unfair practices against Hispanic students

–College and University students worked with African Americans to established rights for both.

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The Brown Berets and Black Panthers met in the1970’s.

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Educational Rights

• Groups such as the Brown Berets and MAYO all formed to help fight for the rights of students.

• Students led Walkouts, Protests, and sit-in through out the West Coast.

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Educational Improvements

• Introduction of Bi-lingual education in public schools.

• Integration of Hispanic students into White schools.

• Outlawed manual labor as a punishment.

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Educational Improvements

• Introduction of Black and Hispanic History classes on College Campuses.

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Voting and Political Rights

• Hispanic Americans were often segregated and persecuted as African Americans had been.

• La Raza Unida Political Party–Fought for the rights of Hispanic

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Voting and Political Rights

• 1975: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is extended to Hispanics.

• University of California v. Bakke–Universities could not use

Affirmative Action to limit Hispanics in Universities.

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