THE CHARACTERS’ CONFLICT IN GILMAN’S SELECTED

SHORT STORIES

A THESIS

Submitted to the Faculty of Cultural Sciences Hasanuddin University in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements to Obtain Sarjana Degree

in English Department

HARDIYANTI

F21114028

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES

HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

MAKASSAR

2018

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin, the writer would like to express her honor

and praise to Allah SWT for his blessing, love, mercy, guidance and most of all,

to finish this thesis. Shalawat and salam are addressed to lovely prophet

Muhammad saw.

Many problems had been faced in finishing this thesis. Those problems

would not have been solved without help, motivation, supports, criticism, and

advice from many people. It would be an honor to express her appreciation to all

of them.

Therefore, the writer would like to express her thanks to:

1. The writer appreciation and thanks are addressed to Prof.Drs.Burhanuddin

Arafah,M.Hum.,Ph.D, and Dr.Sudarmin Harun,M.Hum, the first and the

second consultant who gave correction, guided, advice, motivation,

suggestion and improvement to finish this thesis.

2. The dean of the Faculty of Letters, Hasanuddin University, all the lectures

and the faculty staff especially English Department, thank for your

cooperation and support from beginning to the end of her study.

3. Unlimited thanks are dedicated to her dearest parents, Juhari, Rukayah,

H.Hairuddin and Hj.Jumriani, for their prayer, support, and spirit who has

given her the encouragement during the study, either in material or spiritual

shape. Special thanks to for the writer’s greatest aunty who always gives her

support, Hj.Anggeriani. Thanks for all, she loves you

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4. Special thanks to Dedi Setiadi Hairuddin for always loving, patient,

praying, supporting and caring. You are light that shines her life, thanks for

all you have given to her.

5. Sri rahayu (Kam), Nur Hasanah (Anabel), Ayu Asmar (Ted), Uswatun

Hasanah (Cwa), Thanks for your time, help, attention and cooperation about

almost 4 years. Thank you because you have become very good person in her

life. Hopefully what you have given to her will be paid by the best reward

from God.

6. Finally, thank to Excalibur 2014 What you have done so far is quite useful to

her. She is not able to repay your kindness. she can only say thank you.

The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from perfection. For the reason,

the writer expects the constructive critics and suggestion for the improvement of

this thesis. Moreover, the writer hopes this thesis will be of some help in

conducting research in literary works.

Makassar, 13 Februari 2018

The writer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER .......................................................................................................... i

LEGITIMACY .............................................................................................. ii

AGGREMENT ............................................................................................. iii

APPROVAL FORM ......................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................ v

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................. vii

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................ix

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background .......................................................................................... 1

B. Identification of the Problem ................................................................ 3

C. Research Questions .............................................................................. 4

D. Objective of the Study .......................................................................... 4

E. Significance of the Writing ................................................................... 4

F. Sequence of the Writing ....................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Previous Study ..................................................................................... 6

B. Structural Approach ............................................................................. 8

1. Character ...................................................................................... 11

2. Plot ............................................................................................... 12

3. Setting .......................................................................................... 13

4. Theme .......................................................................................... 14

C. Theory of Conflict .............................................................................. 15

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Methodological Design ...................................................................... 19

B. Source of Data .................................................................................... 20

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C. Data Collection .................................................................................. 20

D. Data analysis ...................................................................................... 21

E. Research Procedure ............................................................................ 21

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

A. The Yellow Wallpaper ....................................................................... 23

B. Making a Change ............................................................................... 36

C. External Conflict ................................................................................ 48

D. Internal Conflict ................................................................................. 52

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 60

B. Suggestion .......................................................................................... 61

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 63

APPENDICES

ABSTRAK

Hardiyanti, 2018. The Characters’ Conflicts in Gilman’s Selected Short Stories. Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Hasanuddin University. (Dibimbing oleh Burhanuddin Arafah dan Sudarmin Harun).

The Yellow Wallpaper dan Making a Change adalah cerita pendek yang ditulis oleh Charlotte Perkins Gilman yang menggambarkan kehidupan rumah tangga. Tujuan dari penelitian skripsi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan konflik eksternal dan internal yang terjadi pada tokoh, dan untuk menjelaskan penyelesaian konflik dalam kedua cerita pendek ini.

Untuk menganalisis cerita pendek The Yellow Wallpaper dan Making a Change, penulis menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme yang mempelajari unsur-unsur intrinsic karya sastra seperti karakter, plot, setting,dan tema. Penulis menggunakan teori konflik untuk mendukung penelitian ini. Penulis juga menggunakan analisis data deskripstif dalam menganalisis data, yaitu suatu metode analisis yang menggambarkan data penelitian apa adanya.

Berdasarkan analisis, penulis menemukan bahwa kedua cerita pendek tersebut didominasi oleh internal konflik. Karakter utama dalam kedua cerita pendek tersebut menyelesaikan konfliknya dengan cara yang berbeda, sehingga hal tersebut mempengaruhi kehidupan, kepribadian, orang-orang disekitarnya dan akhir cerita.

ABSTRACT

Hardiyanti, 2018. The Characters’ Conflicts in Gilman’s Selected Short Stories.

English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Hasanuddin University.

(Supervised by Burhanuddin Arafah and Sudarmin Harun).

The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a Change are short stories authored by

Charlotte Perkins Gilman that describes about marriage life. The aims of the

research are to describe the conflict that occur, and to elaborate the conflict

resolution in both the short stories.

In analyzing The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a Change, the writer used

structural approach that studies the intrinsic elements of literature such as

character, plot, setting and theme. The writer used theory of conflict to support

the research. The writer also used descriptive method in analyzing the data, it

analyzed the study of literature as it is.

Based on the analysis, the writer finds that the both short stories are

dominated by internal conflict. The main characters solve the conflict in different

ways, so it influences life, personality, other people and the ending of story.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

In general, conflict is a social process that occurs when someone tries to get

rid of the other by destroying each other. Conflict arises because of differences in

feelings, culture, interests (individuals or groups), and the rapid social changes.

Conflict is undesirable thing in life. Whereas in a literary work, conflict is an

important part of building the flow structure. Conflict in a literary work is an

attraction for readers. When someone is telling or listening to a fact or fictional

story, the thing that never goes unnoticed is anything that hinders the completion

of the story. This is a reference to the importance of analyzing the conflicts that

occur in a literary work, one of which is the short story.

Short story is a form of fictitious narrative prose that describes the story of a

character through short writing. Some of the features are shorter than other literary

works, having a single impression and centered on one character in a situation.

Besides that, the elements on the short stories have similarities the novels, Abrams

(1999: 286) says that “short story is a brief work a prose fiction, and most of the

terms for analyzing the component elements, the type, and the various narrative

techniques of the novel are applicable to the short story as well”. In addition, the

amounts of words in short story are less than 10.000 words or less than ten pages.

Short stories only give a single impression and focus on one character and one

situation.

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One of American female writers, namely is Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-

1935) has written over two hundred short stories and about ten novels. One of

Gilman’s book is The Yellow Wallpaper and other stories, the book consists seven

of her writing. The writer chooses two short stories, they are The Yellow

Wallpaper (1892) and Making a Change (1911). The Yellow Wallpaper tells about

a depressed wife because she has no chance to become a career woman and

socialize with her neighborhood. Under the circumstances, she gets pressure from

her husband and the yellow wallpaper that makes more depressed and end

tragically. She becomes a crazy woman and locked herself in the house. The

Making a Change tells Julia and Frank household. Julia was a musician. After

marriage with Frank, she becomes a housewife who takes care of children and

husband. It creates a conflict in their lives and makes Julia depressed and then has

attempts to suicide. Fortunately, Julia’s mother-in-law blocked it, then they

discussed looking for a solution so that Julia becomes musician again. At the end,

Frank agreed and they live with happiness.

Both short stories have the same core conflict, a wife who suffered from

depression from being locked up at home to take care of husband, children and

home. She tried to get the right to be a career woman, but got resistance from the

family. The Yellow Wallpaper ends with sadness, while Making a Change ends

with happiness.

The writer chooses characters’ conflict because the conflict is a very

prominent issue. Both of short stories show captivating conflict, namely conflict

in the marriage. The phenomenon often occurs in real life, there are husbands who

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allow their wife to work and some do not. Essentially a literary work is a replica

of real life. Conflict is present in a story in disagreement, opposition and tension

by characters in the story. Therefore, the conflict is more concerned by the

readers. Besides that, the writer never found the research that discusses about

character’s conflict in the both short stories.

In addition, the writer also describes the reasons to choose the object of

research. Firstly, the writer never heard of Charlotte Perkins Gilman in classes

process, so the writer thinks this author is not very popular in English students

Hasanuddin University. The second one, the writer never found any thesis or

journal in the library that discuss both short stories. Therefore, the writer assumes

that research will be the first study of the works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman at

Hasanuddin University. The writer’s expectation is that this research will be a

reference for other students who will complete the study in English Department

and to introduce unpopular works of writers who are less exposed. From the

above explanation, the writer decides to make the study entitled "The Characters’

Conflict in Gilman's Selected Short Stories".

B. Identification of the Problems

Based on the background that has been described above, the writer found

several problems that appear in short stories The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a

Change. Both short stories have the same (internal and external) conflicts and

differences in conflict resolution. Therefore, the writer tries to explain the factors

that become the decision for the story ending in the both short stories.

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C. Research Questions

Based on the background that has been mentioned above, the writer

formulates two research questions, as follows:

1. Why do the characters’ conflict occur in The Yellow Wallpaper and

Making a Change?

2. How is the characters’ conflict resolved in The Yellow Wallpaper and

Making a Change?

D. Objective of the Study

Based on the statement of the problems above, this study aims at the

following objectives:

1. To describe the conflict that occur in The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a

Change.

2. To elaborate the conflict resolution in The Yellow Wallpaper and Making

a Change.

E. Significance of the Writing

The research of The Characters’ Conflict in Gilman's Selected Short Stories

is expected to provide benefits in theoretical and practical terms:

1. Theoretical benefits

This research is expected to provide motivation in the development of

literature, especially the analysis of short story. In addition, this study is

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expected to increase the discourse associated with conflict and a reference for

further studies.

2. Practical Benefits

The results of this study are expected to provide benefits to readers to

increase the knowledge of the less popular American literary works,

especially Gilman’s literary works, such as The Yellow Wallpaper and

Making a Change.

F. Sequence of the Writing

The writing consists of three chapters. Chapter one is the introduction of the

background of writing, identification of the problems, research questions,

objectives of the study, significance of the writing and sequence of the writing.

Chapter two consists of literature review which provides some of the previous

study, structural approach and theory of conflict. Chapter three consists of the

methodological design, source of data, data collection, data analysis and research

procedure. Chapter four consist analysis of internal elements and conflict in The

Yellow Wallpaper and Making a Change. The final chapter is conclusion and

suggestion.

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

In this chapter, the writer explains about literature review, which consists of

previous study, structural approach, and theory of conflict.

A. Previous Study

Previous study is one of references which is used by writer to support this

thesis. The writer found some previous studies at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Hasanuddin University which raised the topic of conflict, they were written by

Sayed Nirwana (2010), Hasrima Bt.Harmula (2015), and Zulilmi Andrini

Fakhrunnisa (2014).

Nirwana (2010) in the study entitled “Conflict Analysis of The Good Earth”

by Pearl S.Buck analyzed the conflict form which appeared among the characters

and to analyze the cause of the conflict appearance which has relation to the

characters ambition. The result of this research showed the characters’

development of the novel. The author put narration of farmer and earth. The Good

Earth explores the farmer domination in a family life. Nirwana used genetic

structuralism theory in the research. In this novel, many interesting themes can be

found such as, farmer and earth, family, struggle, destroyed loyalty, suffering, and

culture.

Another previous study is by Bt.Harmula (2015) in the study entitled

“Conflicts Between The Main Characters in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner”.

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This novel told the story about Amir as one of the main characters who decides to

help his friend named Hasan. At the end, Amir feels repentance for his wrong

decision, thus making him depressed. He was feel fear and guilt, so he adopted his

friend's child. Bt.Harmula tried to show how the two main characters found the

problem-solving and how the conflict affects their personality. The thesis used

structuralism approach. The result of the study indicates that internal conflicts

seem to be dominated in story and the conflict experienced by main character

gives a massage that humans have their own way in conflict-solving.

Fakhrunnisa (2014) in her study entitled “Conflicts in Kelley's Something

Scandalous” used a structuralism approach to analyze and explain the description

of the type of conflict in the main character. She showed some type of the

conflicts, such as, a cross between one person and other person, between one

person and a group, and group with a group.

After learning from these previous studies, the writer saw that these studies

have common topics with the writer’s thesis. Nirwana (2010) has the same issue

that the writer chooses for this thesis but different object, but she used genetic

structuralism approach while the writer used structuralism approach. Bt.Harmula

(2015) explained about all the conflict that appear in the novel, the writer also

explained about all conflict in the short stories. Fakhrunnisa (2014) also has the

same issue that the writer was choose for this thesis but with different object.

Besides that, the differences between this research and those previous

research is that this research tries to explain the causes of conflict and influences

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the conflicts solving with the ending of stories. While all previous studies above

explained the conflict experienced by main character and type of conflict in

stories. Finally, those previous studies were only analyzing one object while this

study analyzes two objects.

B. Structural Approach

One of the reasons for the emergence of structuralism is New Criticism. New

Criticism is a stream of literary criticism in the United States that developed

between the years 1920-1960. In the United States, the structural approach

manifests as New Criticism, Teeuw says popular figures in this ideology are

Robert Penn Warren, Alan Tate, Cleanth Brooks, W.K. Wimsatt, John Crowe

Ransom, and Monro Beardsley (1984: 133). New Criticism argues that in the

analysis of literary works is an intrinsic approach that emphasis the structure of

the literary work itself. New Criticism suggests that in approaching or analyzing

literary works to be performed is by conducting a thorough reading of literary

works. This reading method is known as close reading. Close Reading is a method

of reading literary works that seek to observe the literary works with careful and

detailed manner. This is to ensure that there will not be any part of the literary

work detached from observation, for all parts of the literature cannot be separated.

This approach assumes that literature must be approached through structure.

As an autonomous structure, literary works must be understood intrinsically, apart

from the historical background, independent of itself, and the intention of the

author. Frye insists that “literature is an autonomous verbal structure quite cut off

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from any reference beyond itself, a sealed and inward-looking realm which

contain life and reality in a system of verbal relationships” (Eagleton, 2003: 80). It

simply acknowledges that the essence of each element in each situation has no

meaning or role, because the real role is determined by the relationship with

others in the situation, in short, the full meaning of an entity or experience cannot

be understood unless the entity is integrated into a structure that includes that

entity.

New Criticism views the literary text as a system, a complete structure. The

principles of structure are: wholeness, unity, complexity, and coherence.

Understanding this shows that the elements in a structure that forms a totality and

between the elements in a structure, there is meaning. Hawkens says that the

principles underlying the New Criticism views can be formulated in the art works,

especially literary works, where they must be understood as an autonomous work

which requires careful study of the work itself (Siswantoro, 2010: 22).

There are various approaches that can be used in analyzing a literary work.

The approach depends on the topic in a study, Abrams in Teeuw explains (1984:

50) there are four main approaches: mimetic approach, expressive approach,

pragmatic approach, and objective approach. Mimetic approach is an approach

that examine the connection between literary work and universe, expressive

approach is talking about the relationship between literary work and author,

pragmatic approach explains the correlation between literary work and reader and

objective approach is an approach that discussed the literary work itself. All of

approaches above were developed and became several approaches, one of them is

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structural approach. Goldmann explains that structural approach means reading

the literary work without looking at the author, reality and reader. Besides that,

study of literary works should begin with structural analysis (Siswanto, 2008:

187).

Structural approach is identical with analyzing the elements that construct a

literary work and the relationship of one element to the other. The relationship is

not solely positive, such as harmony, conformity, and understanding, but it can

also negative, such as conflict. Structuralism believes literary work notice in

intrinsic aspect without regard to other aspects. Structuralism ignores literary

work as a mirror of its time that produced by an author and contains an overview

of the social, political, economic and cultural situation of the time, as Satoto says

that the structural approach is an intrinsic approach, namely to discuss the work

on the elements that build the literary work from within. The approach examines

the work of literature as autonomous and independent of the social, historical,

author biographical and all things outside the literary works (Rokhmansyah,

2010). Structural approach assumes a literary work impossible to create without

the builder element. Structural analysis aims to explain carefully and clearly the

interrelatedness of all literary aspects to generate a whole meaning.

The writer in this research uses a structuralism approach or intrinsic

approach, namely discussing the work on the build element in the literary work

from within. Furthermore, the structuralism approach is also considered very

relevant to this research. Besides that, all of literary work have building element,

one of them is short story. Short story is shorter, denser and more straightforward

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to the purpose than other literary work. Short story has builder elements, intrinsic

element, and extrinsic element. The intrinsic element is the constructive elements

of the story inside and extrinsic element are the elements that build short story

from the outside. On this research, the writer explains the main intrinsic element

in the short story, such as character, plot, setting and theme.

1. Character

In real life, the character is a person characteristic, style or personality that

originated or influenced the environment, while in literary works, character is the

actors who created by author and exist in a fiction. This statement is supported by

Gill who says that “characters in book are not people but figures who have been

specially created by the author “(1995: 127). To put it simply, character is the

actor in the literary work who carry the events to unity. Plot will never reach its

end without the existence of characters.

Characters are divided into two categories, major character and minor

character. The major character is the figure that possesses important role in the

story (Aminuddin, 2011: 79). As the most widely told figure, the main character

takes the largest part of the story. The volume of appearance of the main character

is more than the other characters, so the major character usually plays an

important role in every event. The minor characters are those who have important

roles because of their emergence to serve and support the main characters. Their

characterizations barely undergo changes, or even do not change at all. These

characters only emerge once or several times.

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Indarti in Setyaning (2011: 15) proposes another point of view on the types of

characters. They are categorized as follows:

a) Protagonist, the central of the story.

b) Antagonist is protagonist's enemy that causes conflict.

c) Tritagonist as divorcee or conciliator between protagonist and antagonist.

d) Auxiliary characters that are not directly involved in the conflict; but still

required to resolve the story.

Literary work is the result of imaginative or imaginary and the representation

of the character in story is a result of the author who turned on and controlled by

the author himself. Characters are the key element in the literary work as they

determine its quality. Story will not exist without characters who logically

connects of the plot.

2. Plot

Plot is a sequential and causal structure of events in a story. It means, the first

event causes the second event and so on, thus creating conflicts and climax.

Brooks in Tarigan considered that plot is also a combination of elements that

build the story or the framework of the story and plot is the motion structure

contained in fiction or drama (2011: 126).

Plot is a very important basic framework. The plot manages actions to relate

to each other, how an event is related to other events, and how the characters are

portrayed and played a role in the event. Tarigan divides the plot into three parts

namely, exposition, complication and resolution (2011: 127). Exposition is the

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introduction of the characters and explanation of the situation of a story.

Complication is a part of conflict development. In this section, the main character

encountered interference or obstacles in achieving its objectives. Besides that,

Complication is the relationship between a character and the event that develops a

problem (Brooks and Warren in Tarigan 2011: 127). Resolution is the final part of

a short story. In this section, the author settles all events that occurred. Resolution

is the end of the plot complications that solves the problem in the plot (Brooks

and Warren in Tarigan 2011: 128).

Besides, a good plot has several characteristics, as explained by Aristoteles

the plot must have the wholeness of the four main conditions: order, amplitude,

unity and coherence. Order means the sequence of events must be orderly and

there are beginning, middle, and ending story. Amplitude means the development

of event or the transfer of one event to the next event be adapted in the extent of

the scope of a literary work. Unity means all elements of the plot must exist and

not exchange places. Coherence means that writers do not have to mention the

real thing that happens, it can be imagination to complete the whole plot (Teeuw,

1984: 121).

From description above, it can be concluded that one of the most important

elements in literary work is plot, it means plot makes it easier for readers to

follow the storyline from beginning to end. The plot is a series of events based on

cause and effect. Each event is causally, it means that one event caused another

event.

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3. Setting

Background is all the information, instructions, references related to time,

space, and feeling that occur in the story. Setting is an inseparable part of a story.

“A setting can be memorable because it is in itself arresting, striking and

beautiful” (Gill, 1995: 148). Commonly, setting is divided into three, place

(physical setting), time (chronological setting), and feeling (atmosphere setting).

The place refers to the location of events in the story. The element of the place

used may be a place with a certain name, an initial, or a place with an obscure

description. In short stories usually use a little place background, there may even

be only one place, it is because short story is shorter than other literary works. The

time setting concerns with the moment in which events occur in the story. The

time frame can be described as year, morning, day, night or hour. The feeling

setting or psychological setting is related to feeling or mood in short story, such as

happy, sad, disappointed and others. Thus, setting or background, is a description

of time, space and atmosphere of events in a short story. Its purpose is to help the

reader to be more immersed in the story.

4. Theme

One of the intrinsic elements of story is theme. Theme is an important

element in literary work because theme is the basic for an author to develop a

story, “as theme is a complex aspect of literature, one that requires very

intentional thinking to discern, it is not likely to elicit the precritical response that

the more palpable features do” (L.Guerin, 2005: 13). Moreover, theme is also a

15

central idea of the author and the result of imagination or a true story, the theme

also can be a guide for authors in developing a story or event in a short story. as

Scharbach in Aminuddin, theme is the idea of a story as well as the author's

foundation in creating a work of fiction. In addition, the theme also relates to the

meaning and purpose of fiction prose exposure by the author (2011: 91). Theme is

the main issue expressed by an author in a literary work. Theme can also be called

as central idea in making a writing. Theme is developed through characters and

conflicts in story, so the theme and the purpose of the story can be submitted to

the reader. Themes can be interpreted by:

a) Characterization of a story.

b) Events, stories, atmosphere and other elements such as, humanitarian and

social values contained in the story.

c) Problems in the story.

d) Plot the story.

In conclusion, theme is a message be delivered by author through writing. In

a short story, the possibility of having more than one theme, it is due to different

viewpoints of the reader. In other hand, readers will have different interpretations

on determining the theme of a literary work, because of the differences opinion in

each reader.

C. Theory of Conflict

Theory is one of the most important instruments in research. However, in

accordance to their research objectives, some studies may use different theories.

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In general, theory is a system of scientific or systematic knowledge that sets the

relationship between observed symptoms. Theory contains the concept or

description of the general knowledge of a point of view.

In the science of literature there are many theories that can be used in

analyzing a literary work, one of them is conflict theory. Conflict occurs when

two or more people opposes each other because of differences in their

backgrounds. Conflict also appears because the lack of tolerance and the

differences in individual needs. Galtung says “Conflict as a social system of

actors with incompatibility between theory goal-states” (2009: 35).

Conflict can also be triggered by differences in characteristics brought by

individuals in an interaction. These differences include the physical

characteristics, intelligence, knowledge, customs, beliefs, and others. J.Bartos

says “conflict as a situation in which actors use conflict against each other to

attain incompatible goals or express their hostility” (2002: 13). In social life,

society and conflict in inseparable. It is due to individual differences in the

process of interacting. Furthermore, there are types of conflicts, one of which is

mentioned by Lewin in Natasha (2017: 17):

1. Approach-approach conflict

This conflict arises when there are two motives of which are positive

(pleasant or favorable) and it appears indecisive to select one of them.

17

2. Approach-avoidance conflict

This type of conflict emerges if two opposing motives are raised toward one

object, the motive of the positive (pleasant), and negative (harmful, unpleasant).

This causes doubts, whether towards or away from the object.

3. Avoidance-avoidance conflict

This conflict occurs when at the same time, there are two negative motives

that must be fulfilled.

Generally, the conflict can be identified because of several characteristics. The

first is that it happens to everyone and causes different reactions based on their

personal nature. The second one is that conflict occurs when the motives have

balanced value or approximately the same, giving rise to doubts and tensions, and

the last is conflict can take place in a short time, perhaps a few second, but it can

be long, days, months, even years.

Conflict also exists in literary works created by authors. Conflict is one of the

important parts of a story. A story is not interesting without conflict because there

are no tensions. So, conflict in literary work is the point at which characters feel

disturbed and uncomfortable because of interference from other character or other

causes.

Nurgiyantoro says in Bt.Harmula (2015: 15) conflict can be divided into two

categories: internal and external. Internal conflict is a conflict that exists in a

character's mind. In other words, this conflict is a fight between the character and

18

himself. Internal conflicts are also called psychological conflict. Internal conflict

occurs when character encounters an intrusion or obstacle in his soul while

struggling to achieve his goals or happiness. External conflict is defined as a

conflict that exists between character in the story and something beyond his

power. External conflict is also a conflict that arises between characters (one

figure with another figure). Two forms of external conflict are physical conflict

such as fights or conflicts of ideas such as disagreements. Conflict makes the story

more exciting to be enjoyed by readers.

From some conflict theories above, it can be concluded that the conflict in a

literary work is a conflict of figures with one other figure for a purpose or so-

called external conflict. In addition, conflict can also occur within the character

himself, whether with ideas, thoughts, inner contradictions or with the

environment or so-called internal conflicts. In a literary work, conflict is the main

factor that serves as a messenger or theme of the story. Conflict can create a

tension, and the more complicated the conflict the higher the tension will be or

often called the climax. So, the position of conflict in the literary work is the

cause of the emergence of dramatic situations that move the story.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer explains about the method that is used in analyzing

of Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a Change. The writer uses

methodology of research that contains methodological design, source of data, data

collection, data analysis, and research procedure.

A. Methodological Design

In doing a research, the writer uses methodological study. Methodological

study is divided into two kinds, they are quantitative and qualitative research.

Quantitative is a research method that uses of numbers, ranging from data

collection, interpretation of the data, as well as the appearance of the results.

Similarly, after the study would be better when accompanied by images, tables,

graphics, or other views, as Sugiyono says quantitative is research using numbers

or statistics (2009: 7). The purpose of quantitative research is to develop and use

mathematical models, theories or hypotheses related to natural phenomena.

Qualitative is a way to pursue in depth understanding aspect on a problem.

Qualitative is research that is a description, tend to use analysis and further

highlight the process of meaning. Denzin and Licoln in Noor says qualitative

research is a more emphasis on processes and meanings that are not studied

strictly or not measured in terms of quantity, intensity, or frequency (2011: 33).

Qualitative research is more often used in literature research because the data

source is the literature work itself, the research data text and the results in the

20

form of description. So, to describe conflict that occurs in Gilman’s The Yellow

Wallpaper and Making a Change, the conflict is resolving in both stories, the

writer uses qualitative method of research, because the source data from the

literature text and data collect uses library research.

B. Source of Data

The writer uses the data source of short story The Yellow Wallpaper and

Making a Change by Gilman and reads closely for several times. The writer

chooses them because in both of short stories, they explain about the same point

of conflict, but have differences in conflict resolution. The writer collects the

texts, the theory and some references from some sources that can support to the

object of research. Then, the writer uses books, thesis and website which relate to

the analysis to take notes and marks some quotations.

C. Data Collection

Collecting data is important to obtain some complete data and they can be

responsible to achieve a successful writing. These data give some description or

information related to the writing process. In order to collect data from various

sources, the writer uses a methodology namely library research and literature

research.

The writer tries to get data by reading short stories The Yellow Wallpaper and

Making a Change. It is published by Dover Thrift Editions in New York,1997.

The writer observes the short stories carefully, classifies the problems which

related to study objective, and takes note everything emerges in the short stories.

21

Besides that, the writer gets some information that related to the problem in this

research by reading some text books, thesis and internet resources.

D. Data Analysis

To analyze the collected data, the writer used qualitative research in which

the writer was doing observation to the phenomenon that occurred in The Yellow

Wallpaper and Making a Change. In data processing, the writer used structuralism

approach which explained the intrinsic elements of the short stories such as

character, plot, setting and theme. Based on character research, the writer

compared and identified the characterization of the character in the short stories

based on the action of each character. Then, the writer described the conflict and

the conflict solving by using theory of conflict.

E. Research Procedure

The research procedure is a series of activities by researcher regularly and

systematically to achieve research objectives. In order to proceed this analysis, the

writer applies certain steps to arrange this thesis as follows:

1. Reading The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a Change by Gilman by

several times.

2. Writing down the similarity and differences in the both of short stories.

3. Identifying that issues that have to discuss in this research.

4. Determining the main problem or focus of this research.

5. Reading some source data that relevant with this research.

6. Listing the related informations that support this research.

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7. Writing the result of data analysis.

8. Concluding the result of data analysis.

23

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the writer describes intrinsic elements in Gilman's The Yellow

Wallpaper and Making a change. These elements include character, plot, setting,

and theme. The Yellow Wallpaper has two characters, namely John's wife and

John, while Making a change has three characters, namely Frank, Julia and Mrs.

Gordins Senior. The plot is divided into three parts, namely the complication,

exposition and resolution. The setting is divided into three sections that are

setting of time setting of place and setting of feeling. Theme is determined based

on the characterization of main character. After explaining the intrinsic

elements, the writer will analyze the conflicts that occur in these short stories. In

The Yellow Wallpaper, the writer will discuss the conflict between John and his

wife and the inner conflict of John's wife. In Making a Change, the writer will

discuss the conflict between Frank and Julia, Julia and her mother-in-law, and

conflicts with Julia herself. Besides that, the writer will explain how conflict

resolution in both the short stories.

A. The Yellow Wallpaper

The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman written in

1892. The short story has two characters with different characteristics, namely I

as narrator or John’s wife and John. John is a doctor who thinks he knows

everything. He does not believe in mystical things. In contrast to his wife, his

wife has a high imagination. John thought his wife is ill, so he takes his wife to a

24

home for resting cure, but his wife felt alienated. She is not socializing with the

environment, not writing and she is not doing any home works. John’s wife

follows her husband orders without arguing. John’s wife always hallucinating to

see the female behind the wallpaper.

1. Character

a. I / John’s wife

The first character is John's wife who has no name. she is a narrator in the

story. She tells about her marriage life. John is rent a house for his wife.

John’s wife believes that the house is not change her health. The house looks

unkempt. It is been a long time since nobody has occupied the house. John’s

wife is scared of the house. In the first time she looked the house, she is felt

there was something wrong about the house. She is fanciful and

hallucinating. She frightened herself. John's wife is a brave woman, although

she feels scared, she does not leave the house immediately.

Still I will proudly declare that there is something queer about it, else, why should it be let so cheaply? And why have stood so long untenanted? (Gilman, 1997: 1).

That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don’t care—there is something strange about the house—I can feel it (Gilman, 1997: 2).

John's wife has a writing talent. However, John forbide her to write, so

John's wife writes when no one around her. One day, she wrote her story life

and John came, so John’s wife was shock. Then, she hid her book and pencil.

After John left, she continued writing. She is also afraid with Jennie, John's

25

sister. Jennie reports about her sister-in-law activities to John. John thinks his

wife's pain is getting worse by writing, but John's wife thinks that writing

might heal herself.

There comes John, and I must put this away, --he hates to have me write a word (Gilman, 1997: 3).

But I can write when she is out, and see her a long way off from these windows (Gilman, 1997: 5).

John's wife is a submissive woman and does not oppose every word of her

husband. John is a doctor who thinks that his wife needs a vacation to

decrease her depression. In fact, the cause of John's wife's illness is

imprisoned as mother and wife. John’s wife accepts all her husband's

decisions. In several times, she disagreed with her husband's decision, but she

hides her feelings.

You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? (Gilman, 1997: 1). Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would dome good. But what is one to do? (Gilman, 1997: 2).

John's wife loves her husband so much. She becomes a quiet person

because her imagination. She considered unable to do the duties as a mother

and wife. She wants her husband to be able to rest without thinking about

herself. John's wife thinks that she is burden for her husband.

Of course it is only nervousness. It does weigh on me so not to do my duty in any way! I meant to be such a help to John, such a real rest and comfort, and here I am a comparative burden already (Gilman, 1997: 3).

26

From the analysis above, the writer concludes that John’s wife is very

obedient to her husband. It can be seen from several statements in the story,

where she does not oppose all her husband's requests. Whenever they are

disagreed, John’s wife is the one who always relents. The writer also assumes

that John wife is fond with her husband, she feels a burden to her husband.

She tried to restore her health, but circumstances did not support her.

b. John

John is a doctor. The knowledge and experience are the main factors to

convince his wife that he keeps his wife with the right way. He thought

knows everything, including his wife's illness. He argued that his wife could

get well with holidays in the new house. He thought he did the best thing to

his wife. He did not believe of mystical thing. He argued that it is just a

person's mind and not real. When his wife told about the weirdness of the

house to him, John just laughed at his wife. He believed that his wife was

hallucinating and her illness was getting worse.

John is a physician, and perhaps— (I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this s dead paper and a great relief to my mind--) perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster (Gilman, 1997: 1).

John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures (Gilman, 1997: 1).

That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don’t care—there is something strange about the house—I can feel it.’ I even said so to John one moonlight evening, but he said what I felt was a draught, and shut the window (Gilman, 1997: 2).

27

John always listens to his wife's story about wallpaper. John is not a

coward, so whatever his wife said about the wallpaper, John just laughed at

her. Although John is not believing his wife's statement, John is a loving

person. He is very kind to his wife. He is very painstaking caring for his wife.

He looks after his wife until she gets well. When John sees his wife nervous

and frightened by the room, John He hugs and tries to calm her.

I suppose John never was nervous in his life. He laughs at me so about this wallpaper (Gilman, 1997: 4).

He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day; he takes all care from me, and so I feel basely ungrateful not to value it more. (Gilman, 1997: 2).

John watched his wife who was observing the wallpaper. That makes her

more tired. John do not his wife depression getting worse. John also do not

allow Julia to meet anyone because he thought it can upset her. To calm his

wife, John took his wife upstairs and read the story. He loves his wife very

much because she is the source of happiness for John. At midnight, John sees

his wife observe the wallpaper for several times. Then John woke up and

scolded his wife. He gives warning for his wife not to walk in the middle of

the night because his wife could be cold.

He said I was his darling and his comfort and all he had, and that I must take care of myself for his sake, and keep well. He says no one but myself can help me out of it, that I must use my will and self-control and not let any silly fancies run away with me (Gilman, 1997: 7). “What is it, little girl?” he said. “don’t go walking about like that—you’ll get cold” (Gilman, 1997: 8).

28

John did not understand with his wife's mischief. John always left his wife

at home, even late into the night. According to John, his wife is happy with

him. John is convinced that there are no reasons to turmoil. John wife's feels

she can solve her problem without John, but the confusion still disturbs her.

John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious. I am glad my case is not serious! But these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing. John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him (Gilman, 1997: 3).

John almost desperates with his wife's healing. He has done various ways

and he thinks the best way to heal his wife. He has applied his medical

science to his wife. Finally, he threatens his wife, John tells his wife that he

will take his wife to Weir Mitchell for a repentant. Weir Mitchell is a hospital

that is thought to heal his wife. John's wife does not go there, because she has

heard of her friend's experience about the hospital.

John says if I don’t pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall. But I don’t want to go there at all. A had a friend who was in is hands once, and she says he is just like John and my brother, only more so! (Gilman, 1997: 6).

The writer concludes that John is a husband who loves his family. He just

gave the wrong way to keep his wife. He is a doctor who does not believe in

mystical things. He thought his wife suffered illness because she wants take a

break from her duties as wife and mother, but according to the writer,

depression suffered by John's wife because she wants freedom or to become

a writer.

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2. Plot

The short story tells about John and his wife. John believes that his wife is

suffering from depression. John is a doctor. He decides to take his wife to a

house for healing process. John did various ways to heal his wife, even though

his wife did not agree with her husband ideas. The first, they rent a house in

Summer. John's wife takes the upper room, there is a wallpaper that makes her

uncomfortable. During they stay at the home, John forbids his wife to meet

anyone around their house, so she expresses her mind in a writing. John also

forbids his wife to write because he thinks writing exacerbate the pain of his

wife. So, John's wife wrote without anyone knowing.

A colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, I would say a haunted house, and reach the height of romantic felicity- but that would be asking too much of fate! (Gilman, 1997: 1).

I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes. I’m sure I never used to be so sensitive. I think it is due to this nervous condition (Gilman, 1997: 2).

I don’t like our room a bit (Gilman, 1997: 2).

During the healing process by John, John’s wife gets a nuisance from a

wallpaper in her room. She noticed there is a woman behind the wallpaper, a

woman is trying to get out and free herself from the wallpaper. The woman

seemed to creep up and out into the garden. John's wife tells to John that her saw,

but John did not believe it and just guessed his wife. John's wife passes his days

to observe the picture, morning-to-night, even she does not sleep to pay attention

to the picture in detail.

30

I’m really getting quite fond of the big room, all but thet horrid paper (Gilman, 1997: 4).

But I don’t mind a bit – only the paper (Gilman, 1997: 5).

And it is like a woman stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern. I don’t like a bit (Gilman, 1997: 8).

By the time she is alone at home, she decides to ruin the wallpaper to see who

the woman. No one can go into his room; she throws the key to the yard of

house. At the end, John's wife is crazy in his room. She crawled around the

house. In fact, John's wife was depressed because John did not allow him to write

and meet other people. The woman behind the wallpaper is an illustration of

John's wife trying to find freedom.

I think that woman gets out in the daytime! And I’ll tell you why-privately- I’ve seen her! I can see her out of every one of my windows! (Gilman, 1997: 12).

But I am securely fastened now by my well-hidden rope—you don’t get me out in the road there! I suppose I shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and is hard! It is so pleasant to be out in this great room and creep around s I please! (Gilman, 1997: 14).

“what is the matter?” he cried. “For God’s sake, what are you doing?” I kept on creeping just the same (Gilman, 1997: 15).

3. Setting a. Setting of time

In real life, summer is the best time to vacation. Some people will look for

a vacation in a city or a remote place. Likewise, in this story, John and his

wife moved into a colonial house in the summer. They are rent the house for

three months. Their vacation at the same time healed John's wife who is

depressed.

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It is very seldom that mere ordinary people like John and myself secure ancestral halls for the summer (Gilman, 1997: 1).

I don’t care to renovate the house just for a three months’ rental (Gilman, 1997: 4).

Because fiction is a writing result from real life, so the writer assumes that

the author chooses Summer as setting time because Summer is the holiday

season. Now, people usually do activities outside of their habits, such as

renting a house in the depths to rest.

b. Setting of place

The story places are in a house that they rent during the Summer. The

house is located about three miles from the countryside. The house is

surrounded by walls and locked gates. The house was used for John's wife in

the resting cure.

So, I will let it alone and talk about the house. The most beautiful place! It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village. It makes me think of English place that you read about, for there are hedges and walls and gates that lock, and lots of separate little house for the gardeners and people (Gilman, 1997: 2).

John choses the upper room for his wife. The room was large and clean.

The window of the room was equipped with bars so that no one could escape

from the room. Many ornaments for the children in the room, it seems that

room is a child's room.

It is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways, and air and sunshine galore. It was nursery first and then playroom

32

and gymnasium, I should judge; for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things and the walls (Gilman, 1997:3).

It is being two weeks since they occupy the house and John's wife does not

feel comfortable in writing. When John left, she feels comfortable writing

again. no one sees her doing her activities. John wife's is sitting near the

window. She is writing and nobody teases her.

We have been here two weeks, and I haven’t felt like writing before, since that first day. I am sitting by the window now, up in this atrocious nursery, and there is nothing to hinder my writing as much as I please, save lack of strength (Gilman, 1997: 3).

John often goes out to city and leave his wife. Jennie accompanies John's

wife, but John's wife often asks Jennie to leave her alone. So, she has time to

enjoy the scenery around her home. She was walking in a garden and he was

lying on the porch.

And I am alone a good deal just now. John is kept in town very often by serious cases, and Jennie is good and lets me alone when I want her to. So I walk a little in the garden or down that lovely lane, sit on the porch under the roses, and lie down up here a good deal (Gilman, 1997:6).

The author concludes that this story is very simple, because only three

places, there are house, room and the surrounding environment. The setting

of place supports the occurrence of conflict within the story, where the main

character is a woman who is isolated from the outside world. The house is a

sign that the main character has limits on every act and she is forced to run

domestic duties without thinking of a career outside the house.

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c. Setting of feeling

John's wife was afraid of the current house, as the house is rural and far

away from the crowds. The house was like a prison surrounded by walls and

locked gates. There is rarely home, so the atmosphere is very quiet and

silence. John's wife thought that the house is a troubled house with the law or

heritage house. The house was like not inhabited for years.

That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don’t care—there is something strange about the house—I can feel it. I even said so to John one moonlight evening, but he said what I felt was a draught, and shut the window. (Gilman, 1997: 2).

At that time, John's wife negotiates with her husband. John's wife felt

uncomfortable with her husband choices. She tried to persuade her husband

that she was moved to the room below. John is not obeying his wife, he is

confident that they can help the healing of his wife. John hugged his wife and

pray for his wife so that his wife is blessed and rapidly recover.

“You know the place is doing you good,” he said, “and really, dear, I don’t care to renovate the house just for a three months’ rental”.

“Then do let us go downstairs,” I said,” there are such pretty rooms there”.

Then he took me in his arms and called me a blessed little goose, and said he would go down cellar, if I wished, and have it whitewashed into the bargain (Gilman, 1997: 4).

When John's wife wrote, she surprised to see John's sister came. No one

can look at John's wife written, because they will be pitted against to John.

34

John forbade his wife wrote that, according to John, writing can make his

wife depression.

But I don’t mind it a bit – only the paper. There comes John’s sister. Such a dear girl as she is, and so careful of me! I must not let her find me writing (Gilman, 1997: 5).

John visited the city to work. While Jennie left John's wife herself. John's

wife was feeling lonely at home. She also was not allowed to get out of the

house. One day, John's wife is alone at home, she locked the house and threw

the key into the yard. She's trying to tear the wallpaper in the room. She set

up a rope to catch the woman behind the wallpaper. John came and tried to

open the door, he shocked at that time, when the door open, John was

terrified of seeing his wife. John's wife is crazy and crawled to surround the

house.

And I am alone a good deal just now. John is kept in town very often by serious cases, and Jennie is good and lets me alone when I want her to (Gilman, 1997: 6).

” What is the matter?” he cried. “for God’s sake, what are you doing?”

I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder.

“I’ve got out at last,” said I,” in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back!” (Gilman, 1997: 15).

In this story, there are setting of feel, such as afraid, emotion, shock and

lonely. The writer argues that this story is a sad story, it is seen from the

atmosphere setting that occurred. Not a single quote expresses happiness. In

35

addition, setting the atmosphere also makes the reader imagine about the

events in the story.

4. Theme

John took his wife to a vacation home, John thought his wife was depressed.

The house is likes a prison, surrounded by walls and fences equipped with a

padlock. John chose the top room for his wife. The room was large and clean but

gave the impression of a confinement. The room had a window that was barred

and the stuff in the room is frightening. John limited his wife's activities. She

should not do housework. There is a nurse taking care of her child. There is

John's sister who takes care of the household needs. Thus, John frees his wife

from her role as a woman. John did not allow his wife to meet with anyone, even

with his relatives.

A colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, I would say a haunted house” (Gilman, 1997: 1).

There are hedges and walls and gates that lock (Gilman, 1997: 2).

It is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways, and air and sunshine galore. It was nursery first and then playroom and gymnasium, I should judge; for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls (Gilman, 1997: 3).

Of course, I didn’t do a thing. Jennie sees to everything now (Gilman, 1997: 6).

John’s wife felt isolated with it. In addition, John forbade his wife to write.

John limits her wife's imagination. When John is not at home, his wife writes

quietly without fear. John is furious when he looks his wife writing. According to

36

him, writing can make her depression worse. she thinks that her wife's

imagination makes her lose self-control and hallucinates.

It is so discouraging not to have any device and companionship about my work (Gilman, 1997: 4).

He hates to have me write a word (Gilman, 1997: 3).

John's wife feels uncomfortable during in the house. One night, John's wife

tries to express her problem to John, but John is asleep, she cannot bear to wake

her husband. John's wife stands up from her bed and observes the picture.

Suddenly John woke up and scolded his wife. John's wife fells it is the best time

to say her feeling. She wants John to take her away.

John was asleep and I hated to waken him, so I kept still and watched the moonlight on that undulating wallpaper till I felt creepy.

I thought it was a good time to talk, so I told him that I really was not gaining here, and that I wished he would take me away (Gilman, 1997: 8).

From the explanation above, the writer concludes that "confined women" is a

suitable theme for this short story. The confined woman described by John's wife

who was treated unworthily. She was isolated in a house, without relatives, and

without a job. She had a high imagination, she should have poured in a writing

and created a work, but John thought it made his wife even more depressed.

B. Making a Change

Making a change is a short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The story

contains characteristics of each character, namely Julia, Frank and Mrs.Gordins

37

senior. They are concerned about the children of Julia and Frank. They argue,

they in various ways, but one goal is to have the children of Julia and Frank is

care and they live in peace and happy. The difference is in the way they express

their opinions, Frank is emotional man, Mrs. Gordins senior who blames Julia

but regretted his actions and Julia who just resigned and patiently received insults

from Frank and his mother-in-law. Julia sacrificed her dream of the best

musician. This creates a conflict within their family.

1. Characters

a. Julia

Julia is a musician. After marrying Frank, she became a young wife who

just stayed at home and took care of her husband. They have a child and Julia

is getting harder to become a musician again. Music can make Julia's life

happy and she feels music is part of her life. Julia feels her dream of

becoming the world's best musician has been destroyed. Julia loves her child.

She takes good care of her child because she knows that is her job. She

spends her days fulfilling his son's needs. She gave up her bedtime to take

care her son.

She had been an ardent musician before her marriage and had taught quite successfully on both piano and violin. To any mother a child's cry is painful; to a musical mother it is torment (Gilman, 1997: 49).

Here was affection, propriety, and peace. Here was a noble devotion on the part of the young wife, who so worshipped her husband that she used to wish she had been the greatest musician on earth—that she might give it up for him! She had given up her music, perforce, for many months, and missed it more than she knew (Gilman, 1997: 50).

38

Julia has a child, Albert. She loves her son very much. She takes good care

of her child. When Julia gets tired, she gives her son to Mrs.Gordins senior.

She can rest, because she believes the Mrs.Gordins senior can take care of her

son.

She carefully picked up the child and his bottle, and carried him to his grandmother’s room. “Would you mind looking after Albert?” she asked in a flat, quiet voice; “I think I’ll try to get some sleep (Gilman, 1997: 52).

Julia is a patient person. Mrs.Gordins senior and Frank insult her, she is

patient and does not fight his mother-in-law. She also does not say rude to his

mother-in-law. Her angers is only visible in her expression. She greatly

respects her mother-in-law, although they differ in different ways, they are

still loving each other. Julia is a reluctant woman because she does not make

problems in her family.

Young Mrs.Gordins looked at her mother-in-law from under her delicate level brows, and said nothing. But the weary lines about her eyes deepened; she had been kept awake nearly all night, and for many night (Gilman, 1997: 49).

or a change of residence, offered the younger, in a deadly quiet voice (Gilman, 1997: 50).

From the analysis above, the writer concludes that Julia is a responsible

mother. She gave up her dreams for the care of his son and husband. She is

exhausted in doing her duties. No one knows that Julia has lost time to rest.

Though the people around her add to the burden of her mind, she displays a

polite and patient attitude. Every time there is a debate, she always relents.

39

b. Frank

Frank is Julia's husband. He had changed his wife’s life. She decides to

make Julia as housewife. She does not help Julia to take care of their child.

He is an emotional person. He shows his anger at Julia. He cannot keep his

wife's feelings. He blames Julia for what happened to their child. He did not

understand how Julia was taking care of their child.

Frank Gordins set down his coffee so hard that it spilled over into the saucer. “is there no way to stop that child crying? he demanded” (Gilman, 1997: 49).

Frank Gordins glared at his wife. His nerves were raw, too. It does not benefit anyone in health or character to be continuously deprived of sleep. Some enlightened persons use that deprivation as a form of torture” (Gilman, 1997: 50).

Frank is a responsible father and husband. Even though he had a fight with

Julia, he kept thinking of his responsibility to make Julia and her son happy.

When Frank left home, he does not forget to kiss his wife. Frank does not

think about the marriage problem, he did his job to earn money.

When a friend asked him, “All well at home?” he said,” Yes, thank you – pretty fair. Kid cries good deal – but that’s natural, I suppose. He dismissed the whole matter from his mind and bent his faculties to a man’s task – hosw he can earn enough to support a wife, a mother, and a son (Gilman, 1997: 51).

The writer assumes that Frank is a husband who loves his wife and child.

He shows affection to his wife by kissing his wife. In addition, Frank is a

responsible person. He performed his duties as father and husband. He works

to meet the needs of his family. However, frank has a negative side, he is an

40

irritable person. According to the writer, it is a natural thing. When a person

experiences fatigue after work, he becomes emotional. No father could bear

to hear his son cry, but he shows the wrong way by snapping at his wife.

c. Mrs.Gordins senior/Frank’s mother

Mrs.Gordins senior is Frank's mother or Julia's mother-in-law. She loves

Julia and admires her beauty. Senior Mrs.Gordins lives with Frank and Julia.

He has saving in the bank, but not enough to buy a new home. She also

blames Julia for not taking care of the child. She felt worthy to take good care

of his grandson. But, Mrs. Gordins senior is also a loving mother. She saved

Julia from attempting suicide. She realized that Julia needed a change to

make them live happily.

“I do not know of any,” said his wife, so definitely and politely that the words seemed cut off by machinery. “I do,” said his mother with even more definiteness, but less politeness” (Gilman, 1997: 49).

“It does seem to be time for a change of treatment,” suggested the older woman acidly” (Gilman, 1997: 50).

Her tiny store in the savings bank did not allow of separate home, and Julia had cordially welcomed her to share in their household (Gilman, 1997: 50).

“Don’t say a thing, dearie- o understand. I understand I tell you! Oh my dear girl, my precious daughter! We haven’t been half good enough to you, Frank and I! but cheer up now- I’ve got the loveliest plan to tell you about! We are going to make a change! Listen now!” (Gilman, 1997: 53).

After discussing with Julia, Mrs. Gordins senior decides to become a

babysitter. She rents upper flat to take care of baby. she turns the top floor

into a garden for comfort to baby. The mothers are pay three dollars a week

41

for her services. So, Julia can return to work without worrying about her son.

from the work, she uses to hire a housekeepe. Mrs. Gordins senior is also

good at managing finances. She arranged the money that her received to be

distributed to the people who helped her.

I rent the upper flat, you see—it is forty dollars a month, same as ours-and pay Celia five dollars a week, and pay Dr.Holbrook downstairs the same for looking over my little ones every day. She helped me to get them, too. The mothers pay me three dollars a week each. And don’t have to keep a nursemaid. And I pay ten dollars a week board to Julia, and still have about ten of my own (Gilman, 1997: 55).

Mrs. Gordins senior is fond of his grandson. He does not refuse when Julia

asked for help. Mrs.Gordins senior helped Julia to look after her son. Mrs.

Gordins senior puts his grandchild to sleep and she thinks she can take care

of twenty children and enjoys. Mrs.Gordins senior, sat watching the baby for

some long moments.

“He’s perfectly lovely child! “she said softly, gloating over his rosy beauty (Gilman, 1997: 52).

“And I could take care of twenty like him—and enjoy it! I believe I’ll go off somewhere and do it (Gilman, 1997: 52).

The description above shows Mrs. Gordins senior is involved in the

household affairs of Julia and Frank. The author assumes that it is not an

appretiation for a mother-in-law, because that is no longer his business. Mrs.

Gordins should only advise Julia, not blame Julia. Actually, Mrs.Gordins

senior is a good woman. She loves Julia and her grandchildren. She wanted to

take care of her grandchildren because she was sorry for Julia in needing of a

42

break. Mrs.Gordins senior affection was also seen as she tried to save Julia

and suggested solutions to their family problems.

2. Plot

The story tells about Julia, she is a musician. After marrying Frank, she

became a young wife who just stayed at home and took care of her husband. One

day, Julia was babysitting her crying son. Frank felt stressed with the cry of his

son. Frank felt Julia was in trouble to take care of their son. At that time Frank's

mother came, she also blames Julia and they had a conflicting opinion. Julia feels

depressed over the pressure from her husband and mother-in-law.

“WA-A-A-A! Waa-a-a-aaa!”

Frank Gordins set down his coffee so hard that it spilled over into the saucer.

“is there no way to stop that child crying?” he demanded.

“I do not know of any,” said his wife, so definitely and politely that the words seemed cut off by machinery.

“I do,” said his mother with even more definiteness, but less politeness (Gilman, 1997: 49).

Then Julia decided to suicide. She feels desperate for his circumstances, her

husband and mother-in-law who misunderstand with her and she desperated to be

a musician. Fortunately, Mrs. The senior Gordins foiled Julia's suicide. Mrs.

Gordins senior feels sorry for his treatment of Julia. She realized that Julia

needed a change to make them live happily.

“Don’t say a thing, dearie- o understand. I understand I tell you! Oh my dear girl, my precious daughter! We haven’t been half good enough to you, Frank

43

and I! but cheer up now- I’ve got the loveliest plan to tell you about! We are going to make a change! Listen now!” (Gilman, 1997: 53).

They discussed and found a way for Julia. Mrs.Gordins senior advised Julia to

become a musician, while she took care of her grandson and opened a daycare

center. They can make money and hire an assistant. Frank was coming and met

his mother with the children. He was shocked to see her mother become

babysitter. His mother tried to explain to Frank. At first, he was angry over what

his mother and Julia did. Suddenly Julia comes with a happy face, it makes Frank

realize that Julia is happy with her choice. Finally, Women are happy, babies are

well cared.

“we didn’t tell you at first, my dear boy, because we knew you wouldn’t like it, and we wanted to make sure it would go well. I rent the upper flat, you see—it is forty dollars a month, same as ours—and pay Celia five dollars a week, And pay Dr.Holbrook downstairs the same for looking over my little ones every day. She helped me to get them, too. The mothers pay me three dollars a week each, and don’t have to keep a nursemaid. And I pay ten dollars a week board to Julia, and still have about ten of my own.”

“and she gives music lessons, just as she used to. She loves it, you know. You must have noticed how happy and well she is now—haven’t you? And so am I. and so is Albert. You can’t feel very badly about a thing that makes us all happy, can you?” (Gilman, 1997: 55).

3. Setting

a. Setting of time

In this story, the author only finds one statement that shows the time, that

is when Frank meets his mother. Frank meets with his mother in upstairs,

they had a chance to discuss. Frank asks where Julia, her mother replies that

44

Julia is coming at five o'clock. Suddenly Julia comes with a happy face. Julia

had just come back from teaching music.

“Where’s Julia?” he demanded first.

Julia will be in presently, “she told him, “by five o’clock anyway. And the mothers come for the babies by then, too. I have them from nine or ten to five.”

Just then Julia came in, radiant from a brisk walk, fresh and cheery, a big bunch of violets at her breast (Gilman, 1997: 55).

b. Setting of place

Julia argued with her mother- in-law in a room. They negotiate that there

will be a change to make their lives peaceful. During the debate, suddenly

Frank's mother stood up and left the room. Mrs.Gordins senior left the room

with angry face.

“well, by Jupiter! There’ll be a change of some kind, and p.d.q.!” said the son and husband, raising to his feet. His mother rose also, and left the room, holding her head high and refusing to show any effects of that last thrust” (Gilman, 1997: 50).

Frank came and looked for his wife, son, and mother. But he did not find

them. Suddenly there was someone who told him that Julia was out and his

mother was on the roof. Frank went to see his mother and he was surprised to

see the roof of the house turned into a baby park.

Welcome to my baby garden Frank,” she said cheerfully. “I’m so glad you could get off in time to see it.”

She took his arms and led him about, proudly exhibiting her sunny roof garden, her sand-pile, and big, shallow, zinc-lined pool; her flowers and

45

vines, her see-saws, swings, and floor mattresses. You see how happy they are,” she said.” Celia can manage very well for a few moments. “and then she exhibited to him the whole upper flat, turned into a convenient place for many little ones to take their naps or to play in if the weather was bad (Gilman, 1997: 54).

c. Setting of feeling

Frank surprised Julia by slamming her coffee cup. Frank is mad at Julia

for not being able to calm her son’s cries. Suddenly Frank's mother

participated in the violation of Julia. Frank thought his mother cannot take

care of his son. As a mother, Julia disagrees with that. She feels appropriate

to take care of his son. They were arguing in a room.

Frank Gordins set down his coffee so hard that it spilled over into the saucer. “is there no way to stop that child crying?” he demanded. “I do not know of any,” said his wife, so definitely and politely that the words seemed cut off by machinery. “I do,” said his mother with even more definiteness, but less politeness” (Gilman, 1997: 49).

Julia tried to kill herself. Her mother-in-law sought to save her. After

successfully rescuing her, Mrs. Gordins senior hugs Julia and feels sorry to

Julia. Frank's mother began to understand what Julia felt, and then they

planned something to live in harmony and happiness.

Don’t say a thing, dearie- o understand. I understand I tell you! Oh my dear girl, my precious daughter! We haven’t been half good enough to you, Frank and I! but cheer up now- I’ve got the loveliest plan to tell you about! We are going to make a change! Listen now! (Gilman, 1997: 53).

46

When Mrs. Gordins senior explained her plan to Frank, Julia came with a

happy face, fresh and cheerful because she is back into a musician. Julia felt

the spirit of her life had returned. The happy impression is also created when

Julia shows a ticket. She managed to get Melba concert tickets for her

mother-in-law, Frank and herself.

And she gives music lessons, just as she used to. She loves it, you know. You must have noticed how happy and well she is now—haven’t you? And so am I. and so is Albert. You can’t feel very badly about a thing that makes us all happy, can you?”. Just then Julia came in, radiant from a brisk walk, fresh and cheery, a big bunch of violets at her breast.

“oh, mother,” she cried, “I’ve get tickets and we’ll all go to hear Melba—if we can get Celia to come in for the evening” (Gilman, 1997: 55).

4. Theme

Making a Change shows Julia's depressed figure in her family. She argues

with her husband, Frank, because Julia does not agree with her mother-in-law's

words. Frank and his mother think Julia cannot take care of the child. He feels

that his family will suffer destruction. Julia looked at her husband with

uncertainty, confused to begin the conversation. Julia thought that she and her

husband would split up. Julia feels she's been crushed and her mind has

collapsed.

“I will not stand having mother spoken to like that,” he stated with decision”

(Gilman, 1997: 50).

Julia was more near the verge of complete disaster than the family dreamed. The conditions were so simple, so usual, so inevitable (Gilman, 1997: 50).

47

So now she looked at her husband, dumbly, while wild visions of separation, of secret flight-even of self-destruction-swung dizzily across her mental vision. All she said was “all right, Frank. We’ll make a change. And you shall have-some peace” (Gilman, 1997: 55).

Mrs. Gordins senior and Frank do not Julia's attempt to care for her son. Julia

tired all the words of her husband and mother-in-law. Julia gave up her day to

meet the needs of her son. Before marriage, she passed his days as a music

teacher and now she takes care of her son. It makes her tired but still love his son.

The child ws her child, it was her duty to take care of it, and take care of it she would. She spent her days in unremitting devotion to its needs, and to the care of her neat flat; and her nights had long since ceased to refresh her (Gilman, 1997: 49).

Apparently, Julia could not resist the pressure from Frank and her mother-in-

law. While looking after her son, Julia felt very depressed, she tried to hold back

and think positively. But she cannot, Julia immediately picked up her son and

leave it to his grandmother. Julia tried to kill herself. Mrs.Gordins senior trying

to save Julia. Mrs. Gordins senior does not want anyone to know about this

event. When Julia awoke, she saw her mother-in-law was sad to see her. Frank

and his mother loved Julia very much. Julia is just depressed because of being a

young mother.

“That foolish girl has left the range going and it’s blown out!” she thought, and went to be kitchen. No, the little room was fresh and clean, every burner turned off” (Gilman, 1997: 53).

When Julia opened her eyes she found loving arms around her, and wise, tender words to soothe and reassure (Gilman, 1997: 53).

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From the above explanation, the writer prefers “depression woman as a theme

of the short story. The depression woman is portrayed by Julia's character. She

was annoyed by Frank and his mother-in-law. At the end of his patience, she

decided to suicide.

C. External Conflict

1. The Yellow Wallpaper

In the yellow wallpaper, external conflict apparent in some circumstances, as

dissent, restrictions, and indifference. John who took care of his wife who was ill

and felt knowing what is best for the healing of his wife is the background of the

external conflict. He brought his wife to home that away from the crowd. John

forbade her to write, socializing and working. John's wife just obeyed her

husband.

“you see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? Is a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency – what is one to do? (Gilman, 1997: 1).

The conflict also occurs between John, his wife and John's brother in law.

John is a doctor who knows everything, so his wife does not argue all the orders

of John. John's brother in law also is a doctor. John's wife is getting depressed

facing them. They asked John's wife to take medicine and so on, but Julia cannot

be healed. Although John's wife did not agree with them, she did not say anything.

My brother is Also a physician, and Also of high standing, and he says the same thing. So I take phosphates or phosphites - whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and water, and exercise and am absolutely forbidden to "work"

49

until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with Reviews their ideas (Gilman, 1997: 1).

Socialization is the process of communication and interaction to strengthen the

fraternity (family, friends, and neighbors). Socialization also contributes to

shaping the personality, reduce stress and expand friendships. In the curing

process, John's wife did not leave the house. She was not allowed to socialize with

the surrounding community. She felt if socializing can alleviate her burden, but

John does not agree. John thought that the socialization can increase her stress.

I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus-but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad (Gilman, 1997: 2).

John's wife is unlike the room that selected by John. The room windows were

barred. There are items that have been unsuitable and playground and gymnasium.

In addition, there is a wallpaper that has been damaged. John's wife says that the

room was not comfortable and there was a strange feeling in the room. She wants

the room below, but John does not obey her urge, he said the room was perfectly

suited to his wife. They had two weeks occupying the house, John's wife was very

nervous, she was very disturbed by the wallpaper and atmosphere of the house,

but John ignores it.

I don’t like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-Fash-ioned chintz hangings! But John would not hear of it (Gilman, 1997: 2).

50

But these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing. John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him (Gilman, 1997: 3).

John's wife has high imagination, she likes to write. Writing is one way to

calm the mind can even create a masterpiece. This is deprived of intellect and

imagination. According to John, his wife is better to focus attention and energy to

cure of depression suffered by the rested rather than spending energy to write.

This is contrary to the thought of his wife.

But John has cautioned me not to give way to fancy in the least. He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited Fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency. So it try. I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me (Gilman, 1997: 4).

There comes John, and I must put this away, - he hates to have me write a word (Gilman, 1997: 3).

John and his wife argues in the middle of the night. John's wife tries to tell his

fear of the house for the second time. John's wife depression disturbs herself. She

wants to leave the house. John considers his wife's hallucinations are worse, but

her physical condition improves, but John's wife disagrees with John. She feels

her weight does not increase. She feels better when John is beside her.

“I don’t weight a bit more,” said I, “nor as much; and my appetite may be better in the evening when you are here, but is worse in the morning when you are away!” (Gilman, 1997: 9).

In any conflicts that John's wife face, she is just trying to survive. She did not

deny every John’s words. John always gives advice and suggestions for his wife

51

based on the reality and his knowledge. The disagreements often occur between

them, but John's wife who always succumbs and tries to understand her husband,

although she hurts herself. She expressed her disapproval in the mind, without

anyone to listen and defend her.

2. Making a Change

The main cause of external conflict is blaming each other. Julia was a music

teacher who outstanding. Now, she is taking care of the new baby and be a

woman who was tired. Frank disgusts to hear a baby's cry. He asks Julia to calm

his son. Julia said that she did not know how the way. Julia feels confusion.

Mrs.Gordins Senior have contributed to the situation. Frank asks Julia to give

their son to the Mrs.Gordins senior. Frank feels his mother-in-law knows the best

thing for their children.

"Is there no way to stop that child crying?" he demanded.

"I do not know of any," said his wife, so definitely and politely that the words Seemed cut off by machinery.

"I do," said his mother with even more definiteness, but less politeness "(Gilman, 1997: 49)

Julia's son continued to cry, while Julia and mother-in-law were

uncompromising. Mrs.Gordins senior should not take care of his son's life. She

felt the most person who to take care of her grandchildren. She told Julia that her

son does not cry if her who guarding. That statement hurt Julia. Julia denied the

words of mother-in-law. According to Julia, there is no point to talk about

52

something that past. Frank and his mother should make a change, so they have

better lives.

“There's no need at all for that child's cyring so, Frank. If Julia would only let me. –“

“It's no use talking about it," said Julia. If Frank is not satisfied with the child's mother he must say so-perhaps we can make a change (Gilman, 1997: 1).

Mrs.Gordins senior assumes that Julia is not a good mother. Julia cannot stop

the child’s crying. Mrs.Gordins senior always hurt Julia. She did not know that

Julia had been trying hard to be a good mother and wife. Mrs.Gordins senior ask

Julia’ son to be given the best care. As a mother, she does not agree with Frank’s

idea. Julia felt is not her mother-in-law’s right. Julia said the disagreement of

mother-in-law words to Frank, but Frank defended his mother.

"I will not stand mother having spoken to like that," he stated with a decision. "I will not stand having her interfere with my methods of bringing up children."

"Your methods! Why Julia, my mother knows more about taking care of babies than you'll ever learn! She has the real love of it and the practical experience. Why can not you let her take care of the kid and we'll all have some peace! "(Gilman: 1997: 50).

Dissent often happens in a family. The solution also depends on each person,

there is submit and fight. In this story, Julia as a persecuted character is an

intelligent person. She dared to express her feeling. Mrs.Gordins senior want to

take her son and Frank support that. Julia says disagree with her husband decision.

Julia says her family needs a change, so they got the solution to their problem.

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D. Internal Conflict

1. The Yellow Wallpaper

The main factors that cause depression or hysteria on John's wife are

difference in character between John and his wife. John is a doctor, while his wife

has a high creative-imaginative. During John and his wife stay in the house,

John’s wife feels uncomfortable. John forbade his wife from doing activities such

as dressing and child care. They hired someone to look after their children. John's

wife felt that she was not a wife and mother. She did not take care her family

needs. She considered not to have the strength to doing everyday activities.

Nobody would believe what an effort it is to do what little I am-able, - to dress and entertain, and order things. It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous (Gilman, 1997: 3).

There are some people who accompanied John's wife at home, but it was not

enough for her. She did not have someone sharing. John did not allow his wife to

meet with anyone, friends and neighbors, she felt alone. She feels no one is

paying attention to her. The loneliness that caused the turmoil worsened.

It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work. When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people bout now (Gilman, 1997: 4).

She always felt scared by the house that they rent in every day. She felt

uncomfortable with a wallpaper. John's wife felt there was something odd about

54

the wallpaper. She begins to like her room, but not at the wallpaper. She saw a

woman behind the yellow wallpaper, then she creeps out into the garden in the

yard. She always imagined something on the wallpaper that makes her mentally

disturbed. Her mind increasingly deteriorated due to the influence of the

wallpaper. Sometimes she is not sleeping to notice the women who hide behind

the wallpaper.

At first he meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient that to give way to such Fancies (Gilman, 1997: 4).

I'm really getting quite fond of the big room, all but that horrid paper (Gilman, 1997: 4).

But in the places where it is not faded and where the sun is just so - I can see a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure, that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design. There's sister on the stairs! (Gilman, 1997: 6).

I did not Realize for along time what the thing was that Showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quiet sure it is a woman (Gilman, 1997: 10).

She wants to complain about wallpaper to John, but she fears family and John

will confidence that she is mad. Nobody knew that she was always awake at night

with horror, so her physical health of diminishing everyday. She cried herself

without cause. She does not know what she should do, John never understood her

felt. She feels fear without anyone to help her.

I don’t feel as if it was worth while to turn my hand over for anything, and I’m getting dreadfully fretful and querulous. I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time. Of course I do not when John is here. Or anybody else, but when I am alone (Gilman, 1997: 6).

55

He pays attention to every detail in the wallpaper. During she lays on the bed,

she observes each pattern in the wallpaper. According to her, the wallpaper was

irregular. She also noticed that everyword in the wallpaper. She only to pay

attention to wallpaper. The wallpaper was master her mind and make her more

depressed. She was obsessed to solve the problem.

I’m getting really fond of the room in spite of the wallpaper. Perhaps because of the wallpaper. It dwells in my mind so! (Gilman, 1997: 6).

This paper looks to me as if it Knew what a vicious influence it had! (Gilman, 1997: 5).

John’s wife was determined to find out something behind the wallpaper. She

prepared herself with the tool that helps her to rip the wallpaper. Nobody can go

into her room. The door already is locked and she throws the key in the yard.

Finally, when the time comes, John’s wife sees a woman in the wallpaper. A

woman was trying to get out of the wallpaper that limits itself from the outside

world.

I have locked the door and throw the key down into the front path, I don’t want to go out, and I don’t want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him. I’ve got a rope up here that even Jennie did not find. If that woman does get out, and tries to get away, I can tie her! (Gilman, 1997: 14).

The madness of John's wife is getting worse, besides the hallucination of the

woman behind the wallpaper, she also fantasizes that the wallpaper is smelling.

She is troubled by the smell. She tries to remove the smell, but she cannot. She

56

sees the smell likes a living thing that surrounds the house. The smell also touches

her hair. In fact, she almost burns the house to find the smell.

It creeps all over the house. I find it hovering in the dining room, skulking in the parlor, hiding in the hall, lying in wait for me on the stairs. It gets into my hair. Even when I go to ride, if I turn my head suddenly and surprise it – there is that smell! (Gilman, 1997: 11).

John returned from his office. He found something wrong in his wife room.

John's wife locked his room so John had trouble opening the door, but he tried to

open the door. Until the end, John’s wife found herself who is behind the yellow

wallpaper in her room during this time. She crawled and chortle a horror around

the room.

I kept on crepping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder. "I've got out at last," said I, "in spite of you and Jane. And I've pulled off most of the paper, so you cannot put me back!" (Gilman, 1997: 15).

John's wife did not have anyone to share her life story. John did not allow her

to meet anyone. She explained to John about her fear of the wallpaper in her

room. John sawed his wife's depression for several times because of the

wallpaper. John's wife sometimes crying for no reason, she shows her tortured in

the house. Until the end, she did not know what she should do and the wallpaper

has mastered herself. The interpretation of John’s wife in the wallpaper led her to

madness and she cannot resist.

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2. Making a Change

Internal conflict experienced by Julia. Julia is a young mother who had the

baby blues. Baby blues is a mood disorder or mental conditions experienced by a

mother after giving birth. Some tendency is nervousness, fatigue, difficult

sleeping, and anxiety without reason. This was experienced by Julia, she felt

confusion in caring for children. Before getting married, she was a musician, who

used to hold a musical instrument. The child’s crying is a torture to her. Julia

realizes that she has a child. She knows her duties to be a good wife and mother.

She had been an ardent musician before her marriage, and had taught quite successfully on both piano and violin. To any mother a child's cry is painful; to a musical mother it is torment (Gilman, 1997: 49).

The child was her child, it was her duty to take care of it, and take care of it she would (Gilman, 1997: 49).

After marriage, she still wanted to be a musician, but she loves her husband

and children. She became a loving wife and obedient. She had been devoted to

her husband, so she was forced to relinquish her talent. She could choose

between musician and family, but she did not do. She had to sacrifice her ideals

for a happy family. It raises the anxiety for her. When she thought of her work,

she also imagined her family.

Here was affection, Propriety, and peace. Here was a noble devotion on the part of the young wife, who so Worshiped her husband that she used to wish she had been the greatest musician on earth-that she Might give it up for him! She had given up her music, perforce, for many months, and missed it more than she Knew (Gilman, 1997: 50).

58

After conducting a debate with her husband, she was worried. She thought of

the things that made her depressed. During she looked at her husband, she felt that

they would be separated. Julia has been disappointing Frank because she was not

to care their child and arguing with Frank's mother. She destroyed herself with the

negative mind.

So now she looked at her husband, dumbly, while wild visions of separation, of secret flight-even of self-destruction-swung dizzily across her mental vision (Gilman, 1997: 51).

Julia had felt sorry. She felt that the domestic life had changed her life.

Married and having children create problems in herself, but it was just her minds.

She did not show remorse or leave her family.

This being married-and bringing up of children-is not what it's cracked up to be. That was the feeling in the back of his mind but it did not find a full admission, much less expression (Gilman, 1997: 51).

Disagreement with Frank and Mrs.Gordins make Julia depression. She

thought about her life on the table. She held her chin with the hand as she

contemplated the problems that her face. Julia had empty gaze as looking for a

solution to the problem.

By the disorderly little breakfast table, his wife Remained motionless, her chin in her hands, her big eyes staring at nothing, trying to formulate in her weary mind some reliable reason why she should not do what she was thinking of doing. But her mind was too exhausted to serve her properly (Gilman, 1997: 51).

59

Julia cleans up the bath tub, sunning apron and cleans up her child equipment.

After that, she sits and re-think about his life and there is household assistant who

was washing dishes. Julia is shocked at the sound of every dish from the kitchen.

Then she stood trembling. Julia is experiencing severe depression and make

decisions. She desperated and tried to suicide. She entrusts to children to the

Mrs.Gordins senior and starts doing action.

At every slam the young mother winced, and when the girl's high voice Began a sort of doleful chant over her work, young Mrs.Gordins rose to her feet with a Shiver, and made her decision (Gilman, 1997: 52).

Julia’s internal conflict is anxiety, despair and choice between work and

family. Julia feels depression and choses to end her life by suicide. Finally,

Mrs.Gordins realized, she saved Julia and planned a change. She wants to work,

but it is concerned with children and her husband. She thought Frank would

divorce. Frank and his mother make deep depression to Julia. In fact, Julia is

lucky wife to have Mrs.Gordins senior who loves and cares with her family.

Mrs.Gordins senior mediates Julia and Frank. She helps Julia to find solution for

their problem. Mrs.Gordins loves Julia but she did not show it. They shared the

duties and happy life.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Conflict is a clash of two people or more, physical and nonphysical to achieve

a goal. Some of the causes of conflict such as interdependence, goal difference,

dissent, communication problems and differences of human nature. In addition to

the real-life, conflict also occurs in a literary work as the short story. Conflict is

one of the important elements to attract the readers.

The Yellow wallpaper, external conflict occurs by John's wife confronted with

John. John was doing the best for his wife. She obeys the command of her

husband without a fight. John's wife was banned from writing, socializing and

working. While the internal conflict, John's wife suffered severe depression, she

felt no someone who helped. So, the wallpaper controlled her mind and she

became a crazy woman. While In Making a Change, external conflict occurs

between Julia, Frank and Mrs.Gordins senior. Frank says that Julia cannot take

care of their son. Mrs.Gordins senior wanted to take Julia’s Child. Frank supports

Mrs.Gordins senior, but Julia denied the order of Frank and Mrs.Gordins senior.

Their disagreement creates the internal conflict with Julia. Julia is sad with Frank

and Mrs.Gordins senior treatment. She thought they will be separated. Julia also

confused to choose between her musical talent or family. Finally, she decided to

commit suicide, but Mrs.Gordins senior save her. They made a change for a better

life.

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Both stories are dominated by internal conflicts. The wife character tries to

solve the problem in a different way. John's wife to resolve the problem with the

surrender and let depression control her mind. It was also supported by John who

do not care about his wife, so ends with horror or sadness. While Julia resolves

the problem by debate or negotiation. Although it was hopeless, she managed to

back with Mrs.Gordins senior’s support. They make changes and ends with

happiness.

B. Suggestion

In The Yellow Wallpaper and Making a Change, Gilman tells the life of the

household. The husband and wife are two people who are united by cultural

background and different personalities. It was the cause of the conflict between

husband and wife. One of the messages delivered two stories is how people solve

problems in life, there is a resigned and some were against. Different ways have

the different results. Both stories are interesting because there is a conflict and

also a romantic story. Although they are in conflict, love between them is not lost.

So, the writer suggests the next researches appoint ideas above as an object of

study.

Besides that, the writer recommends the next researchers to use genetic

structuralism approach that relates to the intrinsic elements of the short story and

the life of the author to study the fiction. Gilman's life story is created through

literature. In addition, the works of Gilman are good to be analyzed because it

gives knowledge about the fate of women in the 19th century, such as the Women

62

and Economics (1898) and a literature that recounts the journey of life, namely,

The Living of Charlotte Gilman (1935).

63

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https://www.biography.com/people/charlotte-perkins-gilman-9311669

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman Biography

Poet, Activist, Activist, Author (1860–1935)

Writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman penned the short story "The Yellow Wall-Paper."

A feminist, she encouraged women to gain economic independence.

Synopsis

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut. She published her best-known short story "The Yellow Wall-Paper" in 1892. One of her greatest works of non-fiction, Women and Economics, was published in 1898. Along with writing books, she established a magazine, The Forerunner, which was published from 1909 to 1916. Gilman committed suicide on August 17, 1935, in Pasadena, California.

Early Life

Writer and social reformer Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut. Gilman was a writer and social activist during the late 1800s and early 1900s. She had a difficult childhood. Her father, Frederick Beecher Perkins was a relative of well-known and influential Beecher family, including the writer Harriet Beecher Stowe. But he abandoned the family, leaving Charlotte's mother to raise two children on her own. Gilman moved around a lot as a result and her education suffered greatly for it.

Marriage and Inspiration

Gilman married artist Charles Stetson in 1884. The couple had a daughter named Katherine. Sometime during her decade-long marriage to Stetson, Gilman experienced a severe depression and underwent a series of unusual treatments for it. This experience is believed to have inspired her best-known short story "The Yellow Wall-Paper" (1892).

Women's Rights Activism

While she is best known for her fiction, Gilman was also a successful lecturer and intellectual. One of her greatest works of nonfiction, Women and Economics, was published in 1898. A feminist, she called for women to gain economic independence, and the work helped cement her standing as a social theorist. It was even used as a textbook at one time. Other important nonfiction works followed, such as The Home: Its Work and Influence (1903) and Does a Man Support His Wife? (1915).

Along with writing books, Charlotte Perkins Gilman established The Forerunner, a magazine that allowed her to express her ideas on women's issues and on social reform. It was published from 1909 to 1916 and included essays, opinion pieces, fiction, poetry and excerpts from novels.

Suicide

In 1900, Gilman had married for the second time. She wed her cousin George Gilman, and the two stayed together until his death in 1934. The next year she discovered that she had inoperable breast cancer. Charlotte Perkins Gilman committed suicide on August 17, 1935.