The Characterization of Graphene Paper for Flexible Electronics Application

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The Characterization of Graphene Paper for Flexible Electronics Application 1

Transcript of The Characterization of Graphene Paper for Flexible Electronics Application

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The Characterization of Graphene Paper for Flexible Electronics Application

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Introduction

What is Graphene?

Chemical Definition

Why Graphene?

Motivation

Material Synthesis

Graphene Paper

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

What is Graphene?

• Chemical definition

• Exceptional Properties

• Why graphene?

• Low cost

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Motivations for This Work

• Lack of thorough understanding Experimental modeling

• Single layer graphene Not implementable for large scale applications Large scale graphene products are needed.

• Problems with current large scale methods Geometry limitations, structural flaws A method with no geometry limitation and with better properties

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Material Synthesis

• Mechanical Exfoliation Not scalable• Reduction of Graphene Oxide Functionalized groups• Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Hazardous by-

products, extremely high temperatures• Liquid Phase Exfoliation High yield production, no

Functionalized groups

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Graphene Paper• Graphene paper = Graphene + Hierarchical structures

[1]

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Graphene Paper

• Improved strength to toughness ratio

• Low density for a given volume element.

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

A Quick Literature Review• Chen (2008) Vacuum filtration, conductivity, biomedically

compatible for cell growth

• Yilun (2011) Dependence of mechanical properties on the cross link type

• Weng (2011) Graphene paper + cellulose fibers for supercapacitors.

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Methodology

Graphene/EC powder/ink

AFM

Sample fabrication

Electrical measurement

setup

Mechanical Tests

Cyclic Bending Test

Adhesion TestSupercapacitance

test setup

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Graphene/Ethyl Cellulose (EC) Powder/Ink Development

• Graphene/EC powder synthesis

• Ink Development 3 ml terpineol + 7 ml cyclohexanane

• EC Capping agent Promote dispersibility

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Sample Fabrication• Adjusted viscosity Uniform graphene paper

coating

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

• To measure the ballpark of the thickness

• Areas near the edges

• AFM in tapping mode

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Electrical Resistance measurement setup• Linear electrical field Simplifies the math

• In situe tests portable fixture

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Electrical Resistance measurement setup

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Mechanical Tests

• Adhesion test

• Cyclic bending test

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Cyclic Bending

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Adhesion Test Setup

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Supercapacitance setup• Electrode preparation

• Three electrode system setup

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Results and Discussion

Thickness measurement

Sheet resistance analysis

Modeling , R(T,t,C)

Cyclic bending

Adhesion test

Raman spectroscopy

Super capacitance

measurement

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Thickness measurement• 3 mg/ml ~ 200 nm

• 1 mg/ml ~ 90 nm

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Sheet Resistance Analysis• Experimental variables and constants

• and •

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Sheet Resistance Analysis• Very low resistivity!

• Why ? The presence of EC as a polysaccharide

TGA analysis on graphene/EC powder showing (a) mass changes versus temperature and (b) the differential mass loss [2].

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Sheet Resistance Modeling, R(T,t,C)𝐿𝑛 (𝑅 )=𝛽0+𝛽1𝑇 +𝛽2𝑡+𝛽3𝐶+𝛽7𝑇𝑡𝐶 ,𝑇=[280−320 ]   oC , 𝑡= [2 ,4 ] h𝑟𝑠 ,𝐶=[1 ,3 ]𝑚𝑔 /𝑚𝑙

0.33

-0.53

-0.26

-0.48

-0.24

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Sheet Resistance Modeling, R(T,t,C)• Verification? Center-point replicates, Residual plots

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Cyclic Bending

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Adhesion Test

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

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G band

D band2D band

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Raman Spectroscopy

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Supercapacitance Measurement

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Supercapacitance Measurement• Why it does not show a good capacitance behavior? EC decomposition Low surface area

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions: • Graphene/EC powder Ink with adjusted viscosity No “coffee-

ring” effect

• Resistivity as low as + Complete statistical modeling for the thorough understanding of the electrical resistance behavior

• Mechanical tests Increase in annealing time will make the structure more brittle/weaker

• Not ideal capacitance behavior EC decomposition

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Conclusions and RecommendationsRecommendations:

• An automated and controlled coating technique for large industrial scales

• High yield and safe method for more graphene powder

• Thorough investigation of the interaction between graphene coating and the substrate.

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Thank you

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References

• [1] H. Chen, M. B. Müller, K. J. Gilmore, G. G. Wallace and D. Li, "Mechanically Strong, Electrically Conductive, and Biocompatible Graphene Paper," Adv Mater, vol. 20, pp. 3557-3561, 2008.

• [2] E. Jabari and E. Toyserkani, "Micro-scale aerosol-jet printing of graphene interconnects," Carbon, vol. 91, pp. 321-329, 9, 2015.

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Hierarchical Structures