The CellReview of Cell Theory

Organelles of Plant and Animal Cells

Review of Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are made from other cells.

3. Cells carry out the basic structure and function of all living things.

Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotes• First cells to

evolve

• No nucleus

• Heredity information is contained in the cytoplasm

• Ex: Bacteria

Eukaryotes• Evolved from

prokaryotes

• Have a nucleus

• Heredity information contained within the nucleus

• Ex: Plants, Animals and Fungi

The Cell Organelles

Tiny, membrane-bound structures that perform special functions inside

the cell.

Cell Wall•Only found surrounding plant, fungal and bacteria cells.

•Provides support and protection for the cell.

Cell Membran

e•Surrounds all cells!•In a plant cell, it lies beneath the cell wall.

•Provides the cell with protection and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Nucleus•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•Large, oval shape.

•Centrally located in the cell.

•Controls cell activities.

•Contains genetic information (DNA).

Nuclear membrane

Cytoplasm•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•Clear, thick, jelly-like material.

•Located beneath the cell membrane.

•Supports and protects the organelles.

Golgi Apparatus

•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•Looks like a flattened stack of membranes

•Processes and packages molecules, like proteins, that were made by the cell.

Ribosomes•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•Can be attached to the Endoplasmic membrane or floating free in the cytoplasm.

•Produces proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•Network of tubes…like a city’s highway!

•Transports material throughout the cell.

•Two types:•Rough (covered with ribosomes)•Smooth (no ribosomes)

Smooth

Rough

Mitochondria

•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•Looks like a jellybean.

•Breaks down sugar molecules to release energy.

Vacuoles•Found in both plant and animal cells.

•In plant cells: very few and very large.

•In animal cells: many little ones.

•Fluid-filled sacs.

•Store food, water and waste.

Lysosomes•Found only in animal cells.

•Small and round in shape.

•Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller ones.

•Digests old cell parts.

Chloroplasts

•Found only in plant cells.

•Oval shaped.

•Green in color due to chlorophyll.

•Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant.

Animal Cells

Plant Cells