The Cell and Cell StructuresHow are cells structured to do the “right” thing?

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Do not have a nucleus or

membrane bound organelles Example: bacteria

Eukaryotes Have a nucleus and membrane

bound organelles Example: animal and plant cells

Structure of Eukaryotes Both plant and animal cells have:

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria

Only plant cells also have: Cell wall Chloroplasts

Cell membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Flexible barrier Protects and supports cell

cell membrane

Cytoplasm (cytosol) where the cell structures rest where most of the reactions

for the life are carried out

cytoplasm

Nucleus Control center of cell Contains most of the cell’s

DNA (coded instructions

for making proteins)

nucleus

Ribosomes “Factory” for making proteins Assembles proteins based

on coded instructions

in the DNA

ribosomes

Mitochondria “Power plants” of cell Convert chemical energy

stored in food into form

the cell can use

mitochondria

Structure of Eukaryotes Both plant and animal cells have:

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria

Only plant cells also have: Cell wall Chloroplasts

Cell wall Strong supporting layer around the cell

membrane Supports, shapes and

protects the cell Porous

cell wall

Chloroplasts Solar power plants Capture energy from

sunlight and convert it

into food that contains

chemical energy Site of photosynthesis

chloroplast

Review1. Explain the role of the cell membrane.2. Where in the cell is most of the cell’s DNA

found?3. What two organelles convert energy into a

usable form in a plant cell?4. Explain how the ribosomes act like factories

in a cell. 5. Identify two ways to tell an animal cell apart

from a plant cell.