The Cell And all its parts!. The cell The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
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Transcript of The Cell And all its parts!. The cell The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
The CellThe Cell
And all its parts!And all its parts!
The cellThe cell
The basic unit of structure and function in The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.all living things.
The average cell is between 2 and 200µm The average cell is between 2 and 200µm (micrometers). (micrometers).
To give you an idea of how big a micrometer is, To give you an idea of how big a micrometer is, the thickness of a strand of human hair ranges the thickness of a strand of human hair ranges from 50 to 200 micrometers. Dark hair is from 50 to 200 micrometers. Dark hair is usually thicker than blonde hair.usually thicker than blonde hair.
The smallest particle that can be seen by the The smallest particle that can be seen by the human eye is about 10 micrometers. The human eye is about 10 micrometers. The eyepiece of your microscope has a special tool eyepiece of your microscope has a special tool to measure micrometers.to measure micrometers.Cells AliveCells Alive
Entering (and exiting) the cellEntering (and exiting) the cell
CELL WALLCELL WALL
A stiff wall that surrounds A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane, giving the cell membrane, giving the cell a rigid boxlike the cell a rigid boxlike shapeshape
Function: protection & Function: protection & supportsupport
This structure is found in This structure is found in plant & bacteria cellsplant & bacteria cells
CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANEForms the outside Forms the outside boundary that separates boundary that separates the cell from its the cell from its environmentenvironmentFunction: controls what Function: controls what comes in and out of the comes in and out of the cellcell
Cell Wall/ Cell MembraneCell Wall/ Cell Membrane
Cell Wall/Cell MembraneCell Wall/Cell Membrane
_________________
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NucleusNucleus
Acts as the “brain” of Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control the cell or the control centercenter
Directs all of the cell’s Directs all of the cell’s activitiesactivities
Where DNA is foundWhere DNA is found
NucleusNucleus
Cells without a nucleus: prokaryotesCells without a nucleus: prokaryotes
Cells with a nucleus: eukaryotesCells with a nucleus: eukaryotes
___________________________ ___________________________
NucleusNucleus
The nucleus of the cell contains the The nucleus of the cell contains the genetic information (DNA)genetic information (DNA)
Nuclear MembraneNuclear MembraneSurrounds nucleusSurrounds nucleus
Made of two layersMade of two layers
Openings allow Openings allow material to enter material to enter and leave nucleus and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
NucleolusNucleolus
Inside Inside nucleusnucleus
Contains Contains RNA to build RNA to build proteins proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
ChromosomesChromosomes
In nucleusIn nucleus
Made of DNAMade of DNA
Contain Contain instructions for instructions for traits & traits & characteristics characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
CytoplasmCytoplasm
A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found.cell wherein the organelles are found.
It is constantly moving so the cell does not It is constantly moving so the cell does not need to propel itself.need to propel itself.
MitochondriaMitochondria
The “powerhouse” of The “powerhouse” of the cellthe cell
Produces energy for Produces energy for the cellthe cell
RibosomesRibosomes
–““Factories” that produce proteinFactories” that produce protein
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum
–Carry proteins and other materials Carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to anotherfrom one part of the cell to another
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic ReticulumMoves materials Moves materials around in cellaround in cell
SmoothSmooth type: lacks type: lacks ribosomesribosomes
RoughRough type type (pictured): (pictured): ribosomes ribosomes embedded in embedded in surface surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Endoplasmic Reticulum & Endoplasmic Reticulum & RibosomesRibosomes
Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies
The cell’s “mailroom”The cell’s “mailroom”
Receives proteins Receives proteins and other materials and other materials from the from the ER, packages them ER, packages them and distributes them and distributes them to other parts of the to other parts of the cell.cell.
VACUOLESVACUOLES
Storage area of the cellStorage area of the cell
Stores food and waterStores food and water
Plants have one large vacuole for waterPlants have one large vacuole for water
Some animal cells have them & others do Some animal cells have them & others do notnot
LysosomesLysosomes
Cell’s cleanup crewCell’s cleanup crew
Breaks down old cell parts and releases Breaks down old cell parts and releases the substances so they can be used again.the substances so they can be used again.
ChloroplastsChloroplasts
Capture energy from Capture energy from the sunlight and use it the sunlight and use it to produce food for to produce food for the cellthe cell
Found only in the Found only in the plant cellplant cell
EukaryotesEukaryotes•Nucleus has a permeable membrane surrounding it
•Nucleus contains the organism’s genetic material (DNA)
•Most organelles also have a membrane around them
•Mostly eukaryotic kingdoms are multicellular
Plant CellsPlant Cells Animal CellsAnimal Cells
Larger Larger vacuolesvacuoles
ChloroplastChloroplast
Cell wallCell wall
Cells have Cells have definite shapedefinite shape
Smaller vacuoles, Smaller vacuoles, some have no some have no vacuolesvacuoles
No cell wall and no No cell wall and no chloroplastchloroplast
More lysosomesMore lysosomes
More mitochondriaMore mitochondria
ProkaryotesProkaryotes
•Have no nucleus (lack a nucleus)
•Have only ribosomes, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA)
•Genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm (No nucleus)
•Cell Wall and cell membrane
•ALL unicellular
•BacteriaKingdoms ONLY