The Cardiovascular System By: Alexis Jimenez and Bricia Zuniga Period 5.
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Transcript of The Cardiovascular System By: Alexis Jimenez and Bricia Zuniga Period 5.
The Cardiovascular
SystemBy: Alexis Jimenez and Bricia Zuniga
Period 5
The Human Heart
What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?● Transportation of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells throughout the body and theremoval of metabolic wastes
IntroductionA normal heart has…●4 chambers:
o 2 upper, called atriumso 2 lower, called ventricles
●4 valves:o Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and
pulmonary●The septum separates the right
and left sides of the heart
Introduction, cont.
Coverings of the heart●The Pericardium●The Parietal Pericardium
o Fibrous Layero Serous Layer
●The Visceral Pericardiumo Also called Epicardiumo Myocardiumo Endocardium
Introduction, cont.3 Different Types of Blood Vessels●Arteries:
o 3 Layerso Deliver blood to capillaries
●Capillaries:o Thin and fragile
●Veins:o 3 Layerso Receive blood from capillaries
Blood Path1. Superior Vena Cava
2. Inferior Vena Cava
3. Right Atrium
4. Tricuspid Valve
5. Right Ventricle
10. Mitral Valve
9. Left Atrium
8. Pulmonary Veins
7. Pulmonary Artery
6. Pulmonary Valve
11. Left Ventricle
12. Aortic Valve
Blood Path, cont.
Blood Pressure● Filtration
o Glomerular Filtrationo What is the Glomerular
Filtration Rate? (GFR)o What affects the GFR?
Hydrostatic pressure Oncotic pressure
Blood Pressure, cont.● Systole vs. Diastole
o Systolic: occurs near beginning of cardiac cycle
o Diastolic: occurs near end of cardiac cycle
o How do they function together? Both numbers provide the blood pressure Ex: 110 over 17 (written 110/17) 110 is systolic, 17 diastolic
Blood Pressure, cont.
● Pressure vs. Distanceo pressure- distanceo Distance- how far blood
circulates throughout the body● Plasma and proteins
o Blood volumeo Blood pressure homeostasis
Blood Pressure, cont.
● Cardiac output: the measure of the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart in 1 minute
o 1 factor of how a person’s blood pressure is determined
Heartbeat and Sounds● How are sounds generated?○ Noises are generated by the beating heart and
the resultant flow of blood through it● How is sound created?
o Produced by the closing of the AV valves and semilunar valves
o 2 sounds: S1 S2
Heartbeat and Sounds, cont.
Conduction● Tissues:
o Endocardiumo Myocardiumo Epicardium
● Cells:o Epithelial cells
Conduction, cont. ● The bundle of His: muscle fibers that conduct the electrical impulses that regulate heartbeat
o Atrioventricular bundle● Bundle branches: connected to bundle of His and
lead to lower ventricles● Purkinje fibers: conduct impulses through the heart
o Located in beneath the tissues that line serous cavity
Conduction, cont.● Action Potential● Non-pacemaker Action Potentials
○ “fast response”○ Rapid depolarization○ Found throughout the heart except for the
pacemaker cells● Pacemaker Cells
○ "slow response"○ Slower rate of depolarization○ Found in the sinoatrial (SA) and
atrioventricular (AV) nodes of the heart
Conduction, cont.● SA Node: known as the heart’s “pacemaker”
o Fires at regular intervals causing the heart to beat
o Sinoatrial node● AV Node:
o The electrical “relay station” between atria and ventricles
o Atrioventricular node
Conduction, cont.● Regulation○ SA Nod○ AV Nod○ Autonomic Nervous System■ sympathetic nervous system: speeds up heart■ parasympathetic nervous system: slows down
Works Cited● http://www.mayoclinic.org/chambers-and-valves-of-the-heart/
img-20007497● http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-
glomerular-filtration-rate-definition-function-terms.html● http://www.diffen.com/difference/Diastolic_vs_Systolic● http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3784303● http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/
circulatory/what-makes-your-heart-beat.htm