1. Movement analysisComplete the movementanalysis for the players left leg Joint Joint type ArticulatingMovement Agonist Antagonist bonestype Knee Rectus femorisBall andFemur andIliopsoas Gluteus socket pelvic girdlemaximus

2. The Cardiac Cycle and Conduction System 3. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems Respiratory systemTakes in O2 and removes CO2 in the lungsHeart Receives blood from the lungs and acting as adouble pump forces blood around thevascular system to the lungs and bodytissue/musclesVascular system Blood and blood vessels which transport and direct O2 and CO2 to and from the lungs heart and body 4. Learning ObjectiveBy the end of the lesson you should be able to describeand explain: The cardiac cycle showing an understanding of systoleand diastole. The conduction system of the heart The link between the cardiac cycle and the conductionsystem 5. SpecificationCandidates should be able to: Describe the link between the cardiac cycle (diastole and systole) and the conduction system of the heart 6. Exam Question Describe how the conduction system of the heart controls the cardiac cycle [5 marks] 7. Key wordsThink of a definition of the following words: Oxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood Arteries Veins Capillaries Aerobic capacity Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation 8. Key words Oxygenated blood Blood saturated/loaded with oxygen Oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells Deoxygenated blood Blood depleted of oxygen Arteries Transport oxygenated blood away from the heart towardsmuscles/tissues Veins Transport deoxygenated blood back towards the heart 9. Blood vessels Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins 10. Structure of the heartSuperiorAortavena cava (O2 to body)(from upperbody) Pulmonary arteryAortic valve PulmonaryveinPulmonaryvalve Left atriumRight atriumBicuspid Tricuspid(mitral) valve valveInferior venacavaLeft ventricleRight Septumventricle 11. The circulatory systemDeoxygenated Oxygenatedblood islungsblood returnspumped fromto the heartthe heart to the through thelungs throughpulmonarythe pulmonaryveins (x4).artery. Oxygenated Deoxygenatedblood is pumped blood returns toat high pressure the heart from the heart to through the the body through vena cava. bodys the aorta. cells 12. VENA CAVAExam questionRIGHT ATRIUM Complete the flow diagram RIGHT VENTRICLEoutlining the flow of bloodPULMONARYthrough the pulmonary ARTERYcirculatory system duringLUNGSexercisePULMONARY VEINS [4 marks] LEFT ATRIUMLEFT VENTRICLE AORTA 13. One-way Valves Function Ensure blood travels forwardthrough the heart Prevent backflow through chambers Atrioventricular (AV) Semilunar valvesvalves Right = Pulmonary valve Found between atrium between ventricle andand ventriclepulmonary artery Right = tricuspid valve Left = Aortic valve Left = bicuspid valvebetween the ventricle and aorta 14. Task Imagine you are an red blood cell that has just entered the heart from the superior/inferior cava. Describe the structural features you pass through on route. Include what you are carrying. 15. Route of a red blood cell From the superior/inferior vena cava Enters the right atrium (deoxygenated) Passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle Passes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery To the lungs where it collects oxygen to carry Back to the heart via the pulmonary veins Into the left atrium Through the bicuspid/mitral valve to the left ventricle Leaves ventricle through aortic valve In to the aorta To the body to provide oxygen Deoxygnated blood transported back to right atrium via vena cava 16. The heart as a muscle Cardiac muscle Heart wall is made of ______________ Does the heart work aerobically oranaerobically? AerobicallyCoronary arteriesBranch from aortaSupply oxygenated blood tothe cardiac muscleCoronary veinsAlongside coronary arteriesDrain deoxygenated bloodback into the right atrium viacoronary sinus 17. The heart as a dual action pump 18. Heart as a dual action pump Right pump carriesPulmonary circulation Deoxygenated blood from theheart to the lungs lungs Oxygenated blood back from thelungs to the heart. Left pump carries -Systemic circulation Oxygenated blood to the rest ofthe body through the arteries Deoxygenated blood back to theheart through the veinsbodys cells 19. VideoConduction systemhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/heart4.htmConduction systemhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_SY3MeWysCardiac cyclehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhpDCg 20. The heart as a dual action pump 21. The cardiac cycle The cycle of mechanical events occurring within 1 heart beat 1 heart beat = 1 cardiac cycle 1 cycle lasts approximately 0.8 = HR of 72bpm2 key phases SYSTOLE Lasts 0.3 seconds Contraction phase DIASTOLE Lasts 0.5 seconds Relaxation phase 22. The conduction system Cardiac muscle is myogenic - it generates its ownelectrical impulse know as a cardiac impulse 23. VideoConduction systemhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/heart4.htmConduction systemhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_SY3MeWysCardiac cyclehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhpDCg 24. The Cardiac CycleBriefly describe, in order, the events during the cardiac cycle in the diagrams below.1. Diastole 2. Atrial systole 3. Ventricular systole........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... 25. 1. Diastole 2. Atrial systole3. Ventricular systoleRelaxation/passive filling Both ___________ Both _______________ contract, phase lasting ________ secsincreasing ventricular pressurecontract, actively forcingthe remaining atrial Aortic and pulmonary valves areD___________ blood entersblood into both forced open and AV valves close ________ atria from superior and inferior ___________________________ Right ventricle forces bloodthrough _________ valve into the ____________blood enters Semilunar valves__________ artery towards the______ atrium from________(__________ valve and________________________________ valve) remain Left ventricle forces blood throughclosedthe ________ valve to the Rising blood pressure forces__________the ________ valves open andblood passively passes into_________ and ___________ valvesboth ____________ close and next ___________ phasebegins 26. 1. Diastole2. Atrial systole3. Ventricular systoleRelaxation/passive fillingBoth atria contract, Both ventricles contract, phase lasting 0.5secs increasing ventricular pressure actively forcing the remaining atrial blood Aortic and pulmonary valves are Deoxygenated blood entersinto both ventricles right atria from superior and forced open and AV valves close inferior vena cava Semilunar valves (aortic Right ventricle forces blood through pulmonary valve into Oxygenated blood enters left and pulmonary valve)the pulmonary artery towardsatrium from pulmonary veinsremain closed the lungs Rising blood pressure forcesLeft ventricle forces blood out ofthe AV valves open and blood aortic valve to the body tissuespassively passes into bothventriclesAortic and pulmonary valves close and next diastole phase begins 27. Describe the link between the cardiac cycleand the conduction system Cardiac cycle represents the mechanical events ofone heartbeat Diastole relaxation phase lasting 0.5 seconds Systole contraction phase lasting 0.3 seconds 4 stages of cardiac cycle Atrial diastole Ventricular diastole Atrial systole Ventricular systole 28. Conduction systemThe electrical system that controls the contraction(systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heartSA nodeGenerates cardiac impulse Impulse spread across atria causing*atrial systole* Impulse reaches AV nodeAVNImpulse distributedBundlesdown B of H in septumof HisImpulse spreads up thePurkinjeventricular walls fibresvia Purkinje fibresCauses *ventricular systole* - contraction of ventricles (from bottomupwards) forcing blood in to the aorta / pulmonary artery 29. Conduction SystemDIASTOLE Cardiac impulse generated in Sino-atrialnode (SA node) in right atrium Impulse (action potential) travels throughboth atria walls causing atria to contractATRIAL SYSTOLE Impulse reaches and activates Atrio-ventricular node (AV node) Impulse passes down Bundles of His inSeptum (two branches left and right) Spreads along the walls of ventricles viaPunkinje fibresVENTRICULAR SYSTOLE 30. Exam Question Describe how the conduction system of the heart controls the cardiac cycle [5 marks] 31. Describe the link between the cardiac cycle and the conduction systemAtrial diastoleAtria fill with blood during atrial diastole. AV valves closeVentricular diastole Blood travel (passively) into the ventricles during ventricular diastole (contraction). AV valves open as atrial pressure rises above ventricular pressureSA node CS1Sinoatrial node or SA node or SAN initiates or sends an impulseAtrial systole Impulse spreads across atria causing atrial systole (contraction of both atria)Remaining bloodThis causes the remaining blood in the atria to be pushed (actively) into the ventricles Semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves remain closedAV node CS2Impulse reaches atrio-ventricular node or AV node or AVNBundles of His Impulse distributed or continues down the bundles of His Semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves forced open, AV valves shutPurkinje fibres CS3Impulse distributed throughout or to the Purkinje fibresVentricular systoleThis causes ventricular systole or depolarisation from bottom upwards (contraction of ventricles). Aortic and pulmonary valves shut immediately after to prevent backflow 32. The conduction system & cardiac cycle Atrial diastoleAtria fills with blood during atrial diastole Ventricular diastole Pressure build in the atria, blood travels passively into theventricles during ventricular diastole SA node* Sino-atrial node initiates a cardiac impulseImpulse spreads across atria causing atrial systole Atrial systole Causes remaining blood in atria to be forced into theventricles. SL (aortic + pulmonary) valves closed AV node* Impulse reaches atrio-ventricular node Bundles of His*Impulse distributed or continues down the bundle of His Punkinje fibres* Impulse distributed through the punkinje fibres into thewall of the atria Ventricular systoleSL valves forced open. AV valves shut.Contraction of ventricles from bottom upwards whichpushes the blood up through the aorta to supply the bodywith oxygen and through the pulmonary artery to the lungsto collect oxygen.SL valves close to prevent backflow. 33. Homework1. Describe how the conduction system of the heart controls the cardiac cycle [5 marks]2. Define end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV)3. Define the following words 1. Heart rate 2. Stroke Volume 3. Venous return 4. Cardiac output4. How are they interrelated? (equation?)5. Identify their typical values at rest a) In an untrained individual b) In a highly trained individual