Chapter 3 Lecture Conditioning Your Cardiorespiratory System © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Cardiorespiratory system
description
Transcript of The Cardiorespiratory system
THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The Body’s Transport System
The Cardiovascular System
Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells.
Blood contains cells that fight disease.
Delivering Needed Materials
Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells.
Blood also transports glucose cells use to produce energy.
Removing Waste Products
The cardiovascular system removes wastes from cells.
The waste product of carbon dioxide is passed from cells into the blood and carried to the lungs where it is exhaled.
Fighting Disease The cardiovascular system also
transports cells that attack disease-causing microorganisms.
The Heart
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels of the body.
In a year, the heart pumps enough blood to fill more than 30 competition size swimming pools.
Your Heart
It is about the size of your fist.
The heart lies beneath the sternum and inside the rib cage.
It is made of cardiac muscle, which contracts over and over again without getting tired.
The Heart’s Structure
Has a right and left side.
Separated by a wall of tissue called the septum.
Each side has two compartments or chambers.
Each of two upper chamber of the heart are called atrium.
The pacemaker is located in the right atrium.
The pacemaker is a group of heart cells that send out a signal for the heart to beat.
The Heart Atria
The Ventricles of the Heart
Each lower chamber, called a ventricle, pumps blood out of the heart.
The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves.
A valve is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.
Patterns of Blood Flow
Flow of blood is like a figure 8
Two loops cross at the heart
The first loop travels from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
The blood is oxygen-poor therefore it is dark red.
Going to the Lungs
Large vessels branch into smaller ones
Capillaries are the site of gas exchange
Oxygen moves from the lungs into the capillaries
Carbon Dioxide moves from the capillaries to the lungs to be exhaled
To the Body and Back Left atrium fills
with blood from the lungs
Continues into left ventricle
Blood is then pumped into the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
Blood then flows to different parts of your body.
Back to the heart Blood vessels are
in close contact with body cells
Oxygen moves out of the blood and into body cells
Carbon Dioxide passes from the body cells into the blood and back to the right atrium of the heart.
Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Artery Structure
Have very thick wall structure
Can withstand enormous pressure of pumped blood
Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and carry blood to the heart
Regulating Blood Flow
The layer of muscle in the artery adjusts the amount of blood sent to the different organs.
Veins Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
The walls are much thinner than arteries.
Contraction of skeletal muscles help push the blood along
Valves prevent backflow
Breathing exerts squeezing pressure against veins forcing blood towards heart
Capillaries
From the arteries, blood flows into tiny, narrow vessels called capillaries. Substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells.
Capillaries are only one cell thick
Pulse Your pulse is caused
by the expansion and relaxation of the artery wall
The heart’s ventricles contract and send out a spurt of blood
This spurt causes the artery to expand
The artery walls relax after the spurt has passed on
Blood Pressure Blood pressure
travelling through blood vessels exerts a force against the walls of the blood vessels. This is called blood pressure.
Blood pressure decreases as blood moves away from the heart
Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure is
measured with an instrument called a sphygmomanometer
Blood is expressed in mmHg
First # is when ventricles contract
Second # is when ventricles relax
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System removes oxygen from the outside environment into the body.
Carbon Dioxide and water are removed as waste products from the body.
Oxygen The process in which
oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells is called respiration.
Your cells cannot burn enough glucose without oxygen to keep you alive
Breathing is movement of air into and out of the
The Path of Air
As air travels from the outside to the lungs, it passes through the nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi.
The Nose
Air enters here into the nasal cavities
Mucus produced here warms the air and keeps lining from drying out
Cilia sweep mucus into the throat, where it is swallowed
The Pharynx
Air enters the pharynx or throat.
Both the nose and the mouth connect to the pharynx
The Trachea From the pharynx, air
moves into the trachea, or windpipe
Composed of a series of cartilage rings
Lined with cilia and mucus, help sweeping mucus towards the pharynx
Epiglottis seals off trachea when swallowing to prevent choking
The Bronchi and Lungs
Air moves from the trachea to the bronchi in the lungs
Bronchi are passages that direct air into the lungs
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system
Bronchioles
Each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles
They resemble branches of a tree
Alveoli Alveoli are tiny
sacs of lung tissue at the end of the bronchioles.
These are specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood.
Gas Exchange Because the walls of
both the alveoli and the capillaries are very thin, gases can easily diffuse through them.
Oxygen passes thru the alveolus then thru the capillary into the blood.
Carbon Dioxide passes from the blood, to the capillary and into the alveoli.
This is called gas exchange.
Gas Exchange and Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again
Carbon Dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli and out the lungs
The blood that returns to the heart is rich in oxygen
Gas Exchange During gas
exchange, oxygen moves from alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli
Surface area and Gas exchange
Your lungs can absorb a large amount of oxygen because of the large surface area of the alveoli.
300 alveoli million in adult lungs
Able to supply needed oxygen during strenuous athletic performances
How You breathe!!
Controlled by muscles
Lungs surrounded by intercostal muscles
Diaphram is the large, dome-shaped muscle at the base of the lungs that contracts and relaxes during breathing
Breathing in!! When you inhale, the rib muscles
contract, lifting the chest wall up and outward. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.
Breathing out/Exhaling
Rib muscles and diphragm relax
Size of chest cavity is reduced
Air is squeezed out of lungs