THE CAMERA AS A WEAPON The Role of The War Photographer Presented by: Fred and Robert Henstridge ©...
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Transcript of THE CAMERA AS A WEAPON The Role of The War Photographer Presented by: Fred and Robert Henstridge ©...
THE CAMERA AS A WEAPON
The Role of The War PhotographerPresented by:
Fred and Robert Henstridge
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 1The Camera as a Weapon
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• History of War Photography• The Use of Art to Depict War• The First Use of the Camera in War• Propaganda During WWII• Photography in the U.S. Army• Notable Photojournalists in WWII
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 2The Camera as a Weapon
FIRST KNOWN IMAGES OF COMBAT• Cave Paintings at Lascaux
– 32,00 Years Ago
• Romans did not use images to depict combat– Roman Historians accompanied the Legions
• Bayeux Tapestry– Depicts the Norman Invasion of England– A Documentary in Cloth
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 3The Camera as a Weapon
FIRST KNOWN IMAGES
Harold's deathBhimbetka rock painting, India Dating back 30,000 years, it depicts hunters with horses.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 4The Camera as a Weapon
THE USE OF ART TO DEPICT WAR• French Revolution
– Eugène Delacroix
• Goya Painting• Crimean War• United States War
Between the States• Indian Fighting
– Remington
• First World WarMarine machine gunners, Battle of Belleau Wood (1 June 1918 – 26 June 1918)
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 5The Camera as a Weapon
ART TO DEPICT WAR
The Third of May 1808, 1814. Oil on canvas, 266 х 345 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Liberty Leading the People, Eugène Delacroix, Louvre, Paris
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 6The Camera as a Weapon
FIRST USE OF A CAMERA IN WAR
• Crimean War• Roger Fenton
• Civil War– Matthew Brady
First World WarLowell Thomas
Spanish Civil WarRobert Capa
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 7The Camera as a Weapon
SECOND WORLD WAR
• German Ministry of Propaganda & PK– Movies and Still Photos– Signal Magazine was Distributed World
Wide• Soviet Union Documentation
– Roman Carmen, Famous for his film footage
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 8The Camera as a Weapon
THE CAMERA AS A WEAPONGerman PK Archives
Above: German troops enter Poland after a 'blitzkrieg' offensive which swept into Poland on September 1, 1939.Right: Nazi German troops who stormed into the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, were well-prepared, aggressive, and certain of victory.© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 9The Camera as a Weapon
GERMAN PK ARCHIVESThe Use of Color
German troops in the Ukraine, circa 1940. German PK photographers were using Agfa color film.
German troops using an Enigma code machine in the field, Russia, circa 1940
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 10The Camera as a Weapon
SIGNAL MAGAZINEThe NAZI PK Version of LIFE
Two members of a Cossack volunteer formation with copies of the Russian edition (issue number 9/1943). PK photographs, probably Croatia, late 1943.
Give that man a cigar! Two Belgian-Flemish members of the Vlaamsche Wacht having fun with the Churchill cover of the Dutch issue number 8/1943. PK photographs, 1943.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 11The Camera as a Weapon
UNITED STATES OWI
• Office of War Propaganda– Tasked to Document the Home Front– Voice of America
• War Department Wanted to Document the War– Stills, Films and Voice Recordings
• Hollywood’s Contribution– Training and Propaganda Films
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 12The Camera as a Weapon
PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE U.S. ARMY
• Army Signal Corps– Trained Thousands of Sill and Film Photographers– Fairchild 16mm Turret Lens Cameras– 4x5 Speed Graphic and 2x2 Twin Lens Reflex– 35mm Cameras were mainly German
• General Army Photographers– Assigned to Army and Marine Units
• Independent Photojournalists
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 13The Camera as a Weapon
THIRD INFANTRY DIVISON• Dogface Soldiers
– Casablanca to the Berghof
• Third Signal Company– Lt. George “Fuzzy” Frezell– 1,300 Framed Photographs– http://www.dogfacesoldiers.org/
• Sgt. William (Pops) Heller – 1910-1972– Contacted His Son
http://www.warfoto.com/
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 14The Camera as a Weapon
FUZZY FOLLIES
Lt. George “Fuzzy” Frezell
Bill Heller and Howard Nickelson listen to the BBC somewhere in France. This shot shows the exterior of the Fuzzy's Folly photo lab.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 15The Camera as a Weapon
THE PHOTOGRAPHERS• Sgt. (T3) John D. "Jack"
Cole• Sgt. (T4) William "Pop"
Heller• Sgt. (T4) William
Toomey• Pfc. Robert S. "Bobby"
Seesock• Cpl. (T5) Howard B.
"Nick" Nickelson (Not in the Photo)
Third Signal Company Photographers near Zweibrucken, Germany. Names are listed at Right from Left to Right
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 16The Camera as a Weapon
WILLIAM HELLER
Bill Heller shows off some of the unit's camerasBill Toomey and Bill Heller pose by the Third Signal
Company's headquarters sign in Bad Wildungen, Germany.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 17The Camera as a Weapon
WILLIAM HELLER
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 18
….this is the office. It's just part of it. I just can't be without a cigar. Even my identification photo. I have a cigar in my mouth.“ France 1944
WILLIAM HELLER
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 19
A Tired GI sitting next to Statuesque Comrade. Italy, 1944.
This 380mm artillery piece, the Anzio Express, captured near Monte Cassino. The Germans had two large railway guns which made the GI's miserable on Anzio,
WILLIAM HELLER
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 20
Staff Sergeant Earl Swanson of F Co., Pfc. Edward F. Tidd Jr. of Rochester, NY and one un-named GI 7th Infantry, firing at Cisterna de Littoria, May 25, 1944.
Bill Heller and Bobby Seesock in the darkroom.
WILLIAM HELLER
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 21
Pain registering in face of German Soldier, as he dies.
Casualties-Animal and Human Montilimar, France
WILLIAM HELLER
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 22
GI carrying dead Italian girl from wrecked building
GI's leading nurse and German POW's across the Rhine at Worms, Germany.
WILLIAM HELLER
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 23
Marlene Dietrich with Bobby Seesock 3rd Signal Co Photographer
Marlene showing her loyalty to the 3rd Division-1945
NOTEABLE PHOTOJOURNALISTSAnd War Photographers
• Roger Fenton• Mathew Brady• Robert Capa• Joe Rosenthal• Eddie Adams• Margret Bourke-White• Eugene Smith• John Houston© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 24The Camera as a Weapon
ROGER FENTONThe Crimean War
Valley of the Shadow of Death, with road full of cannonballs, by Roger Fenton, 1855
Marcus Sparling seated on Roger Fenton's photographic van, Crimea, 1855.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 25The Camera as a Weapon
MATHEW BRADYThe Civil War
Confederate dead behind a stone wall at Fredericksburg, VA The 6th. Maine Infantry penetrated the Confederate lines at this point
A company of the 6th Maine Infantry on parade after the battle of Fredericksburg.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 26The Camera as a Weapon
ROBERT CAPA
When soldiers of the 16th Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division landed at Omaha Beach on June 6, 1944, photographer Robert Capa, in the employ of LIFE magazine, was among them with his Contax II 35mm camera.
Men of the 16th Infantry Regiment seek shelter from German machine-gun fire in shallow water behind "Czech hedgehog" beach obstacles, Easy Red sector, Omaha Beach. © Robert Capa/Magnum Photos.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 27The Camera as a Weapon
ROBERT CAPA
Loyalist Militiaman at the Moment of Death, 1936 Robert Capa © Magnum
Beach Scene, Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944. Robert Capa © Magnum
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 28The Camera as a Weapon
JOE ROSENTHALTwo Iwo Jima Photos
Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, by Joe Rosenthal - The Associated Press.
Lowery's most widely circulated picture of the first flag raising.
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 29The Camera as a Weapon
EDDIE ADAMS
Boat of no smiles, Vietnamese Refugees, Gulf of Siam, Thanksgiving Day
Adams' photograph of Nguyễn Ngọc Loan executing Nguyễn Văn Lém on February 1, 1968
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 30The Camera as a Weapon
MARGERT BOURKE-WHITEFirst Woman Combat Photographer
Above: Mohandas Gandhi, 1946 by Margaret Bourke-White. Right: Victims, KZ Buchenwald, 1945. Margaret Bourke-White
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 31The Camera as a Weapon
W. EUGENE SMITHMaster of the Photo Essay
Once is Enough, Marines on Iwo Jima, 1945, W. Eugene Smith
W. Eugene Smith's iconic photo of Amy soldier Angelo Klonis, cigarette clenched between hislips, illustrates the cover of LIFE book, World War II
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 32The Camera as a Weapon
JOHN HOUSTONThe Battle for San Pietro
© Fred Henstridge Photography Slide No. 33The Camera as a Weapon
Soldier of the 36th Infantry Division with Thompson Sub Machine Gun, December, 1943.
CLOSING SHOTSteve McCurry, whose iconic picture of a young Afghan girl captured the hearts of millions of people around the world as she peered hauntingly from the cover of National Geographic Magazine in 1985. This photo was viewed around the world and contributed greatly to Afghan relief efforts
© Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 34
QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION
You are welcome to visit my Blog athttp://fredhenstridge.blogspot.com/
Web Site: www.henstridgephotography.comSeptember 11, 2010 Battle Event:
http://fhenstridge.zenfolio.com/p629222072 © Fred Henstridge Photography The Camera as a Weapon Slide No. 35