The Braille Project
description
Transcript of The Braille Project
![Page 1: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Braille ProjectLearning about visual impairment and Braille
the Braille project
A senior project by Nayely Martinez
![Page 2: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Braille: History
• devised in 1825 by Louis Braille
• based on code developed by Charles Barbier used for night writing
![Page 3: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Braille: Cells
• each Braille character, (a cell) is made up of six dot positions
• dot positions numbered 1-6 top to bottom
![Page 4: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Braille: Alphabet
![Page 5: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Uncontracted Braille• Grade 1• Used by beginners• Substitutes each character
with a Braille equivalent
• i.e. the word “and”
Contracted Braille• Grades 2 and 3• Shorthand Braille• Used in books and most
printed Braille materials
• i.e. the word “and” contracted
Braille: Grades
![Page 6: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Braille: Video
![Page 7: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Visual Impairment: Types
Macular Degeneration•loss of central vision
•common in older people
Diabetic Retinopathy•Caused by diabetes
•Causes eye spots
Glaucoma•Has no symptoms until serious vision loss
•Caused by complex anatomical features
•Pinhole effect
Cataracts•Clouding of internal lens
•Common in older people
Total Blindness•All useful vision is lost
![Page 8: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Visual Impairment: Anatomy
![Page 9: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Visual Impairment: Myths
•Reality: Only around 18% of people who are visually impaired are totally blindMyth: Blind people see only darkness,
nothing else.•Reality: Only 10% of Legally Blind people read
BrailleMyth: Most blind people are proficient
in Braille.
•Reality: Computer software can translate print into speech, magnify screen images, and enlarge text to a readable sizeMyth: People who are visually impaired
cannot use print or handwritten materials.
Source: Iowa Department for the Blind
![Page 10: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Visual Impairment: Technology• iPhone Apps:
– LookTel Money Reader ($9.99): recognizes currency in real time
– SayText (free): scans text in image and reads it out loud
– Color Identifier ($1.99 or free): identifies and speaks specific color names • Can distinguish shades of sky (sunsets, cloudy)
– Light Detector ($0.99): emits a sound which intensifies as a light source is found and approached
![Page 11: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sight Loss: Everyday Issues
• Eating– Clock method
• Unemployment• U.S. currency – no tactile difference
between dollar bills– Same size– Bill folding method used
![Page 12: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Visual Impairment: Interview
![Page 13: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Resources
• BrailleInstitute.org• Lighthouse.org• TheBrailleProject.wordpress.com
• Alphabet Cards• Fact Sheets
![Page 14: The Braille Project](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062410/56816509550346895dd77bc1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sources
• BrailleInstitute.org• gesta.org/estudos/statistics0402.pdf• who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en