The Book of Isaiah
description
Transcript of The Book of Isaiah
The Book of Isaiah
2 I. Overview
II. Original Meaning
III. Modern Application
JudgmentLeading to Restoration
Structure/Content of 1:2-6:13 (2.1)
Isaiah’sIncredible Scenario
of Exile Leadingto Restoration
(1-6)
Isaiah’sResponse
to the Assyrian Judgment
(7-39)
Isaiah’s Response
to theBabylonian Judgment
(40-66)
Explaining Divine
Purposes in
Exile Leading to Restoration
EstablishingIsaiah’s Credibility
to Support HisMessage of
Exile Leading to Restoration
PredictingDivine Processes
and Israel’s
Responsibilities for Restoration
Both Narrative
Autobiography Biography (6:1) (7:1)
Death of Coalition Uzziah Syria-Israel 740 B.C. 734 B.C.
Division Between 6-7 (2.2)
Chapter 6 Chapter 7
Closing OutOpening Section
Beginning New Section
Why did Isaiah say these things
about Judah and Jerusalem?
What was the historical context of Isaiah’s
Ministry during Assyrian judgment?
Structure/Content of 1:2-6:13 (2.3)
Justice and Righteousness
Modified Lawsuit1:2-31
Oracle ofSalvation
(2:1-4)
That Day
JudgmentOracle(2:5-21)
Judgment Oracle
(2:22-3:15)
Judgment Oracle
(3:16-4:1)
Oracle of Salvation
(4:2-6)
Judgment and Restoration
Parable of Judgment
(5:1-7)
Woes (5:8-10)
Call Narrative(6:1-13)
(“the holy seed” v. 13)
Cycles of Judgment Leading to RestorationCycles of Judgment Leading to Restoration
2 I. Overview
JudgmentLeading to Restoration
II. Original Meaning
III. Modern Application
Structure/Content of 1:2-31 (2.4)
Lawsuit against Unrighteousness and Injustice in Jerusalem (1:2-31)Setting: After Sennacherib Invasion (8-9)
Summons of Witnesses (2a) Accusations (2b-4) Questioning (5-8) Response (9)Summons of Defendant (10) Accusations (11-14) Sentencing (15) Call to Repentance (16-20)Closing of Case (21-31) Accusation (21-23) Sentencing (24-31)
Themes of Unrighteousness and Injustice
“justice” jP'v.mi (17)
“justice” jP'v.m (21)
“righteousness” qd,c, (21)
“city of Righteousness” qd,C,h ry[i; (26)
“justice” jP'v.miB. (27)
“righteousness” hq'd'c.Bi (27)
“reason together” xky Legal Terminology (18; 2:4; 11:4)
(Positive Result from Judgment)
Prosecutor and Judge
Yahweh(2)
DefendantsJudah/Zion
(4,8,21)
WitnessesHeaven & Earth
(2)
Isaiah, an Observer
Structure/Content of 2:1-4 (2.5)
Superscription (1)Supremacy of Jerusalem (2)Recognition of the Nations (3a)Universal Justice from Zion (3b-4)
Zion and Universal Justice
jpv (2:4) [jP'v.mi (1:17,21,27)]
xky (2:4; 1:18)
Eschatological Vision of Jerusalem Overflowing with Righteousness and Justice (2:1-4)Setting: Before or After Sennacherib Invasion (see Mic 4:1-4)
Structure/Content of 2:5-21 (2.6)
Judgment against Syncretism (5-21) Call to Judah (5) Oracle of Judgment (6-21) Accusation of Syncretism (6-8) Sentencing (9-21)
Judgment against Trusting Human Strength (2:22-3:15) Call to Judah (22) Oracle of Judgment (3:1-15) Sentencing (1-12) Accusation Oppression (13-15)
Judgment against Haughty Women of Zion (16-26) Accusation of Haughtiness (16) Sentencing (3:17-4:1)
Should v. 5 be included?2:5-6; 2:22-3:1
Imperatives followed by yKi
Theme of “that day” (11, 12,17, 20, 3:7, 18; 4:1)
hw"hy> ~Ay“Day of the Lord”
Judgment on “That Day” (2:5-4:1)Setting: Before or After Sennacherib Invasion (surrounding context: call to people (5)
Day of the Lord (2.7)
hw"hy> ~Ay“Day of the Lord”
ANE BackgroundRoyal political motif indicating that a worthy king could defeat
All of his enemies in a single day.(D. Stuart, “The Sovereign’s Day of Conquest” BASOR 221 [1976] 159-164)
In IsraelApplied to Israel’s great King, the Lord, to describe his
Interventions into history to destroy his enemies and to establish his reign.
Blessing for IsraelIsa 13:6,9Ezk 30:3
Joel 2:31; 3:14Ob 1:15
Curses for Israel Am 5:18Ezk 13:5
Joel 1:5; 2:1,11Zeph 1:7,14
Acts 2:20; 1 Co 1:8; 5:5; 2 Cor 1:14; 1 Th 5:2; 2 Th 2:2; 2 Tim 4:8; 2 Pet 3:10; 2 Pet 3:12; Rev 16:14
Structure/Content of 4:2-6 (2.8)
Adornment of the Survivors (2)
Holiness of Zion (3)
Cleansing of Zion (4)
Protection of Zion (5-6)
hw"hy> xm;c“Branch” (11:1-5; 53;2)
Jer 23:5; 33:15; Zech 3:8; 6:12; Jhn 15:1ff[J. Baldwin, VT 14 (1964) 93]
Women (3:16)
arB(65:17,18)
Salvation on “That Day” (4:2-6)Setting: Before or After Sennacherib Invasion (surrounding context)
Structure/Content of 5:1-30 (2.9)
Catastrophic Judgment (5:1-30)Setting: Before or After Sennacherib Invasion (surrounding context)
Parable of the Vineyard (1-7) The Parable (1-3) Questioning (4) Sentencing (5-6) Explanation (7)
Series of Woes (5:8-24) Woe over Property (8-10) Accusation (8) Sentencing (9-10) Woe over Self-Indulgence (11-17) Accusation (11-12) Sentencing (13-17) Woe over Impatience (18-19) Accusation Woe over Self-Justification (20) Accusation Woe over Arrogance (21) Accusation Woe over Drunken Injustice (22-24) Accusation (22-23) Sentencing (24)
Judgment Oracle (25-30) Sentencing (25-30)
“Woe!” Funerary Expression
Parable asLegal Discourse
Structure/Content of 6:1-13 (2.10)
Isaiah’s Call (6:1-13)Setting: 740 B.C. (Death of Uzziah)
“for us” (v. 8)Divine Counsel
(Gen 1:26; 11:7)
Divine Holiness(33 times in Isaiah, 26 elsewhere)
vAdq' vAdq' vAdq Metaphysical, Moral
“clean” / ”unclean”
rAhj' rAhj' al
Historical Note (1a)•Isaiah and the Divine Holiness (1b-7) Isaiah and Divine Exaltation(1b-4) God on the Throne (1b) Seraphs Attending (2-4)
Isaiah and Divine Forgiveness (5-7) Isaiah’s Confession (5) Divine Response (6-7)
•Isaiah and the Divine Call (8-13) Isaiah and Divine Desire (8-10) Divine Desire (8a) Isaiah’s Response (8b)
Isaiah and Divine Commission (9-13) Divine Instruction (9-10) Isaiah’s Response (11a) Divine Explanation (11b-13) Compare 40:6
Summary of 1-6 (2.11)
Sins Of Judah
Judah will beJudged and Purified
WickedWill be
Destroyed
RighteousRemnant will
Be saved
Restoration“In the last days” (2:1)
Remnant will Return
Zion willBe Glorious
Spiritual Ignorance (1:3)Despising God (1:4)
Violence (1:15)Lawless Rulers (1:23)
Idolatry (2:8)Trust in Humans (2:22)
Proud & Immodest Women (3:16)Drunkenness (5:22)
Rejecting God’s Law (5:24)
Purging of Dross (1:25)Repentant are Redeemed (1:27)People Walk with the Lord (2:5)Righteous are Rewarded (3:10)
Survivors Purged/Sanctified (4:3-4)
Desolation of Land (1:7)No Answers to Prayer (1:15)
Devoured by Sword (1:20; 3:25)Physical Affliction (3:17)
Jerusalem Laid Waste (5:5)Exile (5:13)
After the Exile (Deut 4:30; Hos 3:5)
Concept of Remnant“survivors” (1:9)“remaining” (4:3)
Righteous, Faithful City (1:26)Zion, Chief of Mountains (2:3)
Glory Cloud (4:4-5)[Holy Stump (6:13)]
2 I. Overview
JudgmentAgainst
Judah &Jerusalem
II. Original Meaning
III. Modern Application
Application of 1:2-31 (2.12)
Lawsuit against Unrighteousness and Injustice in Jerusalem (1:2-31)
Summons of Witnesses (2a) Accusations (2b-4) Questioning (5-8) Response (9)
Summons of Defendant (10) Accusations (11-14) Sentencing (15) Call to Repentance (16-20)
Closing of Case (21-31) Accusation (21-23) Sentencing (24-31)
OM I C C
Application of 2:1-4 (2.13)
Eschatological Vision (2:1-4)
Superscription (1)Supremacy of Jerusalem (2)
Recognition of the Nations (3a)
Universal Justice from Zion (3b-4)
OM I C C
Application of 4:2-6 (2.14)
Judgment on “That Day” (4:2-6)
Judgment against Syncretism (5-21) Call to Judah (5) Oracle of Judgment (6-21) Accusation of Syncretism (6-8) Sentencing (9-21)
Judgment against Trusting Human Strength (2:22-3:15) Call to Judah (22) Oracle of Judgment (3:1-15) Sentencing (1-12) Accusation Oppression (13-15)
Judgment against Haughty Women of Zion (16-26) Accusation of Haughtiness (16) Sentencing (3:17-4:1)
OM I C C
Application of 2:5-21 (2.15)
Salvation on “That Day” (4:2-6)
Adornment of the Survivors (2)
Holiness of Zion (3)
Cleansing of Zion (4)
Protection of Zion (5-6)
OM I C C
Application of 5:1-30 (2.16)
Catastrophic Judgment (5:1-30)
Parable of the Vineyard (1-7) The Parable (1-3) Questioning (4) Sentencing (5-6) Explanation (7)
Series of Woes (5:8-24) Woe over Property (8-10) Accusation (8) Sentencing (9-10) Woe over Self-Indulgence (11-17) Accusation (11-12) Sentencing (13-17) Woe over Impatience (18-19) Accusation Woe over Self-Justification (20) Accusation Woe over Arrogance (21) Accusation Woe over Drunken Injustice (22-24) Accusation (22-23) Sentencing (24)
Judgment Oracle (25-30) Sentencing (25-30)
OM I C C
Application of 6:1-13 (2.17)
Isaiah’s Call (6:1-13)
Historical Note (1a)•Isaiah and the Divine Holiness (1b-7) Isaiah and Divine Exaltation(1b-4) God on the Throne (1b) Seraphs Attending (2-4)
Isaiah and Divine Forgiveness (1b-7) Isaiah’s Confession (5) Divine Response (6-7)
•Isaiah and the Divine Call (8-13) Isaiah and Divine Desire (8-10) Divine Desire (8a) Isaiah’s Response (8b)
Isaiah and Divine Commission (9-13) Divine Instruction (9-10) Isaiah’s Response (11a) Divine Explanation (11b-13)
OM I C C