The bones of upper limb and their...
Transcript of The bones of upper limb and their...
The bones of upper limb
and their junction
The upper limb is characterized by
considerable mobility and is adapted
for grasping & manipulation.
Bones of Shoulder girdle
Clavicle 1
Scapula 1
Bones of free upper limb
Humerus 1
Ulna 1
Radius 1
Carpal bones 8
Metacarpal bones 5
Phalangeal bones 14
Bone of the upper limb-64
Carpal bones
Proximal row(lateral to medial)
S-Scaphoid
L-Lunate
T-Triquetral
P-Pisiform
Distal row(lateral to medial)
Tm-Trapezium
Td-Trapezoid
C-Capitate
H-Hamate
Joints of should girdle
Joints of the free upper limb bone
Joints of the upper limb
Joints between clavicle and trunk bones
process
Sternoclavicular
joint
The medial end of the clavicle articulate with the manubrium
sterni and it is the only direct connection between the
shoulder girdle & axial skeleton.the lateral end articulates
with the acromion of the scapula.
Acromion
Coranoid
Coracoacroial lig
Acromioclavicular
joint
sternoclavicular lig
Anterior
Articular
cavities
Manubrium
Stemoclavicular joint
Articular disc
Movements:
Elevation and depression,
Forward and backward,
Rotation and circumduction
Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint
Coranoidprocess
AcromionCoracoacroial lig
Joints of free upper limb bone
The Shoulder joint
The Elbow joint
The Joint of the ulna and the radius
The Wrist joint
The Joints of the hand
Shoulder joint
Classification:
ball and socket joint
multiaxial synovial joint
the most flexible joint
Bones:
head of humerus and
glenoid cavity of scapula
Capsule:
Thin and lax, especially (lower part)
Attachments:
proximal to glenoid labrum
distal to anatomical neck
Lower wall of capsule is lax
Tendon of long head of biceps
• Accessory structures
– Glenoid labrum:
Coracohumeral lig
• Movements:
Flexion,extension,
Adduction,abduction,
Medial Rotation
Lateral Rotation,
Circumduction
Easy to dislacate to anterior andinferior direction
Formed by trochlear of humerus &
troclear noch (hinge)
– Humeroradial joint-2
Formed by capitulum of humerus
& head of radius (ball and socket)
– Proximal radioulnar joint-3
– Formed by articular circumference
of radius and radial notch of ulna
Ant. view
Elbow joint
Bones:
lower end of humerus,upper
ends of radius and ulna
– Humeroulnar joint-1
1
2
3
LigamentsRadial collateral lig-1.
Attached to lateral epicondyle &
annular ligament of radius
Ulnar collateral lig-2.
Attached to medial epicondyle to
medial border of trochlear notch
Annular lig.of radius-3
Attached to ant. & post.margins
of radial notch of ulna,surrounds
the head of radius
ulna
Elbow joint
Capsule: thin and lax
1
2
3
Joints between radius and ulna
1-Proximal radioulnar joint
2-Distal radioulnar joint
Formed by head of ulna,
ulnar notch of radius
and an articular disc
3-Interosseous membrane
of forearm
1
A fibrous membrane between
the shaft of radius and ulna
2
3
The movement of the forearm bones
Ant.view pronationAnt.view supination
Joint of the hand
Radiocarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
Intercarpal joint
Matacarpophalangeal joint
Intermetacarpal joint
Interphalangeal joint
Bones
Carpal articular surface of
radius & articular disc
below the ulna
Proximal row of carpal:
Scaphoid,lunate,triquetral
bones,but not pisiform
Capsule: Lax & strengthened
by surrounding lig.
Movements:
Flexion & extension,
Adduction & abduction,
& circumduction Ligaments of wristcoronal section-dorsal view
radiusulna
thumb
Joints of hand
Radiocarpal joint (ellipsoid)
Intercarpal joints
Carpometacarpal joints:
★ Carpometacarpal joint of
thumb Bones:
trapezium and base of first
metacarpal
Movement:
Flexion & extension,
Adduction & abduction
and opposition
Intermetacarpal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints
ulna radius
thumb
Summary
Muscle of rotator cuffAnterior view
Muscle of rotator cuffposterior view
Dislocation of should joint
Elbow:lateral radiograph Elbow:anteroposterior radiograph
Double fracture of the forearmThe fracture of the humerus
X-ray of upper limb bones-fracture
Fracture of the distal end of the radius
Colles’fracture
Within 2.5cm distal
end of radius
Wrist and hand; Metacarpal fracture
Upper Limb X-ray
Ant.view(left)
Surgical neck fracture Fracture of the ulnar
kyphosis scoliosis scoliosis
Master the name,number and location of
the upper limb bones
Master the morphological feature of the
scapular, humerus,ulna and radius
Master the arrangement of the hand bone
Master the structure and movement of the
shoulder joint, elbow joint and the wrist
joint.
The important contents today
The lower limb bones
and their junctions
The lower limb is specialized for locomotion.bearing weight
& maintaining equilibrium. so far same reason.the bones of
lower limb are more massive than those of the upper limb.
Bones of Lower Limb-62
Pelvic girdle:
1-Hip bone 1
Bones of free lower limb:
2-Femur 1
3-Patella 1
4-Tibia
5-Fibula
1
1
6-Tarsal bone 7
7-Metatarsal bone 5
8-phalanges of toes 14
1
2
3
45
67
8
Calcaneus
Cuboid bone
lateral
cuneiform
bone
Metatarsal
bone
Talus
Navicular bone
Intermediate
cuneiform bone
Medial
Cuneiform bone
Proximal phalanges
Middle phalanges
phalanges
Total bone
Joints of the lower
limb bones
Joints of Lower limb
Joints of pelvic girdle
1-Sacroiliac joint
2-Pubis symphysis
Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium
Capsule: very tight and reinforced by ligaments
2
1
Vertebropelvic lig.
1-Iliolumbal lig.(ant & pos)
2-Sacrotuberous lig.
3-Sacrospinous lig.
Two structure
Greater sciatic foramina
Lesser sciatic foramina
2
2
Ant.view Post.view
3
Iliolumbar
joints
Greater sciatic foramina
1
3
Lessersciaticforamina
Pubis symphysis
Articulation:
Symphysial surface &
Interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)
Ligaments:
Superior pubic lig &
Arcuate pubic ligament
Obturator membrane
Obturator canal
Pubis symphysis
The pelvis
Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and
their articulations
Terminal line: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line,pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubicsymphysis
Two portions: a greater pelvis and a lesser pelvis
Main difference between male and female pelvis
Subpubic angle
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outlet
Pelvic cavity
Pubic arch
Female
90~1000
Male
70~750
Comparison between male & female pelvis
Hip joints
Constitution: acetabulum & femoral head
Articular capsule:
Above: margins of acetabulum & transverse acetebular lig.
Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck
of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest
Ant.viewcoronal plane
Ant.view Post.view
Articular capsule
Lig. of head of femur
Accessory structure of the hip joints
Acetabular labrum
Ant.viewArticular capsule (removed)
Ant.viewArticular capsule
Post.view
Movement of the hip joints
Adduction-abduction Flexion-extension Circumduction
It’s movement are similar to shoulder joint
Flexion-extension
Adduction-abduction
Medial and lateral rotation
Circumduction
Anterior view
Largest, most complex , most vulnerable joint
Constitution: lower end of femur,upper end of tibia & patella
with many ligaments
with special meniscus
characteristics - tense and strong
Knee joints
Lat view (Sagittal)
Miniscus of
Knee joint
Right hip joint Ligaments
(ant.view)
Ant.view(right)
(PCL)
(ACL)
IdentifyStructures
by specimen
P-post.cruciate lig.A-ant.cruciate lig.
Function of the cruciate lig.
Prevent the tibia forward
and backward
A
P
Lat.view
Patellar lig & oblique
popliteal lig
Lat.collateral lig.Transverse lig.
of knee
Ant.view (capsule removed)
Patellar lig.
Ant.view
Movements
Flexion and extension;
Flexed knee joint may
be passively rotated
Post.view
Med.collateral lig.
2 - Tibiofibular syndesmosis
Articulation between the tibia & fibula
1
1 - Tibiofibular joint
3 - Interosseous membrane of leg
2
3
Medial lig.of ankle
Lig. and tendons of right
ankle (Medial view)Lig. and tendons of right
ankle (lateral view)
2
Lateral lig.of ankle
1-Anterior talogibular lig.
2-Calcaneofibular lig.
3-Posterior talofibular lig.
1
3
Intertarsal joints
Talocalcaneal joint-距跟关节
Talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节
Calcaneocuboid joint距骰关节
Intermetatarsal joints
1-Transverse tarsal joints
2-Tarsometarsal joint
3-Metatarsophalangeal joints
1
2
3
4-Interphalangeal joints
4
Medial longitudinal arch:
Lateral longitudinal arch:
Flatfoot
Foot arch
Med.longitudinal arch
Transversearch
Lat.longitudinal archNormal arch
Transverse arch
Function: give to foot stability & resilience; protectplantar vessels and nerves
Normalarch
Flat
foot
Master the name.number and location of the lower
limb bones.
Master the morphological feature of the hip,femur,
tibia and fibula.
Master the arrangement of the foot bone
Master the structure and movement of the hip joint,
knee joint and ankle joint.
Master difference of pelvis between the male & the
female.
The important contents today
Summary
Parachuting
Car accident
Car accident
Hip bone and the clinic
artificial hip joint
dislocation of hip jointAnteroposterior radiograph
Radiograph of hip joint
Blood supply to the head of the femur by the three sets of arteries
Poor Blood supply
Much cortical hormone
Necrosis of femoral head
1-Subcapital neck fracture 2-Transcervical neck fracture3-Intertrochanteric fracture 4-Subtrochanter fracture5-Fracture of the greater trochanter 6-Fracture of the lesser trochanter
1
4
2
5
3
6
Classification of the femur neck fracture
Fracture of the femoral neck
fracture fixation
Artificial knee joint(prosthesis)
Normal photo Fracture
X-ray of the lower limb
Femur fracture
Tibia and fibularfracture
The end !
Bye !