The Birth of the Republican Party

The Birth of the Republican Party10-3The Birth of the Republican PartyMain Idea The issue of slavery dominated U.S. politics in the 1850s.

Differences Between North and SouthNorthSouth

Northeconomy based on manufacturing and industrializationrailroad construction very commonurbanization (growth of cities)immigration from European countries was common

Southeconomy based on agriculture and slavery cotton was the major cash cropprimarily a rural region of plantations and small farmslack of railroads and industryno significant European immigration to the South

Slavery in the TerritoriesWilmot Proviso def. plan to ban slavery from expanding into lands won from Mexico during the Mexican WarSIG sparked sectional conflict over slavery issue North vs. SouthCalifornia applied for statehood as a free stateGold Rush of 1849 led to an explosion in Californias populationUpset Southerners demanded that slavery be allowed to expand West

The Compromise of 1850Background: Henry Clay (aka The Great Compromiser) - wanted to avoid conflict between North and South, developed a compromiseCalifornia = free stateNew Mexico and Utah territories would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issuePopular sovereignty def. the residents of a territory would vote for or against slavery

The Compromise of 1850New Mexico and Texas border dispute settled in favor of New Mexico, but Texas received debts paid by federal governmentSlave trade in Washington D.C. was abolishedVery popular in the North, very controversial in the SouthNew Fugitive Slave Law passed in order to return escaped slaves to plantations in the SouthVery popular in the South, very controversial in the North

Protest, Resistance, and Violence

Chapter 10 - Section 2

Protest, Resistance, and ViolenceMain Idea Proslavery factions in the South and antislavery factions in the North disagreed over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories. This resulted in increased sectionalism between the regions.

Fugitive Slaves and the Underground RailroadFugitive Slave Law Underground Railroad Uncle Toms Cabin Harriet Tubman

Fugitive Slave LawNortherners angered by the new Fugitive Slave Law - part of the Compromise of 1850runaway slaves could NOT testify in court and no trial by juryHelping an escaped slave resulted in fines and jail time

Underground Railroad def. secret network of abolitionists who would help fugitive slaves escape to the North and CanadaUnderground RailroadHarriet Tubman former slave and conductor on the underground railroadMade 19 trips and helped 300 people to freedomNicknamed Moses of her people for her effortsFrederick Douglass

Uncle Toms Cabin(1852) antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher StoweAttacked the institution of slavery as evil, became a bestseller in the NorthSIG increased sectional tensions between North and South

Tensions in KansasKansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Sumner

Kansas-Nebraska Act(1854) Stephen Douglas plan to organize territories in the WestPopular sovereignty - settlers in the territories would vote for or against slavery in both Kansas and NebraskaRepealed the Missouri Compromise Kansas and Nebraska were both north of the 36 30 parallel line (slavery had been banned North of that line)SIG sectional tensions exploded Northerners resented the idea that slavery could expand to lands where slavery had been bannedled to the formation of the Republican Party

Bleeding Kansas violence erupted as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas and began fighting with each otherTwo rival governments were set up for the Kansas territoryPro-slavery capital = LecomptonAnti-slavery capital = TopekaSack of Lawrence pro-slavery men burned and looted an anti-slavery townPottawatomie Massacre John Brown (an abolitionist) murdered 5 slave owners with broad-swords in KansasSIG Kansas erupted in its own civil war

Bleeding Sumner Senator Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks (South Carolina) in the U.S. SenateSIG sectional tensions increased North defended Sumner, South cheered Brooks

ActivityOn the map provided label Free States and Slave States as well as territories open to slavery. Make sure your map is colored!!!

The Birth of the Republican Party10-3The Birth of the Republican PartyMain Idea In the mid-1850s, the issue of slavery and other factors split political parties and led to the birth of new ones, including the Republican Party.

New Political Parties EmergeWhig Party Republican Party Know-Nothing Party

New Political PartiesBackground: Whig Party collapsed by 1854 due to conflicts over slavery

Know Nothing Party(American Party) established 1854Members believed in nativism def. favoring of native-born Americans over immigrantsanti-immigrant and anti-Catholic

Republican Partyestablished 1854Opposed to the expansion of slavery into western territoriesSupported by many people in the North as a result of Bleeding Kansas

Slavery and Secession

10-4Slavery and SecessionMain Idea A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of civil war.

Slavery Dominates PoliticsPresident James Buchanan Dred Scott v. Sandford (aka Dred Scott Decision) Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry

James BuchananPresident elected in 1856Weak and indecisive at dealing with the slavery issueTypical of ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s

Dred Scott v. SandfordDred Scott Decision (1857)Background: Dred Scott African American slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom because his master had moved him to the free state of IllinoisRoger B. Taney (Chief Justice) - ruled that African Americans were not citizens Missouri Compromise line was unconstitutional because it violated property rightsSIG sectionalism exploded decision hated by North and cheered by SouthDred Scott

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates on slavery in the western territories as part of their senate race in 1858SIG - Douglas won the senate race, but Lincoln became known throughout the North as a possible presidential candidate in 1860

John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)John Brown abolitionist who wanted to lead a slave revolt in the SouthHarpers Ferry federal armory and arsenalBrowns goal was to capture weapons for slaves and lead revoltJohn Brown was captured and hanged for treasonSIG sectionalism between North and South explodedIn the South, John Brown was viewed as an evil murdererIn the North, some people viewed Brown as a heroic martyr, others agreed with his views but thought that he was too radical in his actions

Lincoln is Elected PresidentElection of 1860 revealed sectionalism between the North and South

Election of 1860CandidatesAbraham Lincoln (Republican)Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat)John C. Breckenridge (Southern Democrat)John Bell (Constitutional Union Party)Lincoln Douglass Debate

Election of 1860Lincoln won electoral college but only won 39% of popular voteHe won all northern statesHe won no southern statesSIG South was upset at Lincolns election led directly to secession crisisLincoln

Southern SecessionSecession Crisis Confederate States of America

Secession Crisis (1860-1861)South Carolina seceded from the Union as a result of Lincolns electionFollowed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas

Confederate States of America(CSA) Confederacy created by southern states that seceded from the UnionEmphasized states rightsDevoted to the protection of slaveryJefferson Davis = president of the CSAPresident Buchanan did nothing in response to the secession crisis = ineffective leader