The Birth of IslamUnit 3 PP 3

Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

Arabian Peninsula Before IslamCross roads of 3

continents

Africa, Europe and Asia

Trade (Cultural Diffusion)

Religion?The Ka’aba

Jews and Christians

Nomadic BedouinsWater and food

conflict

The Prophet Muhammad

Born in Mecca (570-632)Orphan at 6, married at 25 to Khadijha (6 kids)

610 vision of the Angel GabrielReceives the new religion of Islam from Gabriel

Koran revealed over a period of 23 years

A Muslim Community622 Muhammad forced out of Mecca

The Hijra (Hegira) Why?From Mecca to Medina

While in Medina he gains followers and wins many battles630 he returns to Mecca and casts the idols out of the Kaaba632 Mohammed diesSharia Law

Regulates moral conduct (common legal framework

Islamic LawNo changes or translations to Koran

No priests (equality)Imams

Mohammed is the last and greatest prophet

“People of the book”

Moral codeGambling, drinking

Rights of women

Important Islamic TerminologyIslam v. Muslim

Mosque

Imam

Minaret

Caliph

Jihad

Koran

Ka’aba

The Five Pillars of Islam

No god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet

Charity

Pray 5x a day

Ramadan

The Hajj

Unit 3 PP 4

Chapter 10 section 2

Building a Muslim Empire

The Rise of the Caliphate

Caliphs: Abu-Bakr the first Caliph (Father in Law)

Spread the faith by uniting the tribes of the Arabian peninsula

Defeated the Byzantines and the Persians

After the first 4 Caliphs there is a problem!

Split in IslamDisagreements continued over the successor to MuhammadThe 4th Caliph Ali assassinated in 661 by the Ummayyads

Division:Shiite (minority: more radical)

leader should be related to Muhammad

Sunni (majority: more moderate)Successor should be the most qualified

Early success of IslamConquered Byzantines, Palastine, Syria, Egypt and Persia

Jihad (Holy War)The Umayyad Dynasty in control from Damascus

Favored Arabs and military leaders

In 750 The Abbasid Dynasty comes to power (Baghdad)

Middle east and North Africa