The Battery – the Potential Difference for Renewable Energy · 2017-03-07 · The Battery –the...
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The Battery – the Potential Difference for Renewable EnergyMARTIN MURPHY
RENEWABLEUK WAVE AND TIDAL CONFERENCE
23 FEBRUARY 2017
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Alessandro Volta
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The Battery
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The Battery
Primary Alkaline battery
Disposable
Non-rechargeable
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Gaston Planté
Gaston Planté was the French physicist who invented the
lead–acid battery in 1859. The lead-acid battery
eventually became the first rechargeable electric battery
marketed for commercial use.
Low energy/weight ratioLow energy/volume ratioHigh surge currentRelatively low cost
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Submarine Application
Holland Submarine; c. 1900
Typical World War II U-Boat
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Rechargeable (secondary cell) battery • Lead-acid• Nickel cadmium (NiCd)• Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH)• Lithium-ion
Flow battery • Passes solution over a membrane• Storage capacity is a function of volume of tanks holding
the solution
Supercapacitor • Power density 10 – 100x greater than batteries, but energydensity only 10%
• Short charge/discharge cycle rates• More charge/discharge cycles• Short term energy storage; high current ‘burst mode’
power delivery
Ultra battery • Hybrid lead-acid cell and supercapacitor• High charge and discharge levels, large numbe of cycles,
outperforms lead acid by order of magnitude• Installed at MW scale, frequency regulation and
renewables smoothing application
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Lithium - ion
1991 - First commercial Li-ion battery introduced
Consumer products Electric Vehicles (EVs) Energy Storage
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Developing Applications
14% learning rate
Battery production rising exponentially.Tesla, BYD, BNEF, CATL, Tianjin Battery rising to 120GWh by 2020
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Caution!
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Energy Storage
Battery Technology
Global transition to renewables is accelerating
Change is happening faster than expected
Those left behind are facing increased financial risks and stranded assets
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The Potential Difference
Thank you !