The Basics of ScienceThe Basics of Science

Why does it Why does it mattermatter??

MatterMatter

Anything that takes up space and Anything that takes up space and has masshas mass

AtomAtom

The basic unit of matterThe basic unit of matter The smallest particle of an element The smallest particle of an element

having the chemical properties of the having the chemical properties of the element element

ElementsElements

A substance made up of only one A substance made up of only one type of mattertype of matter– See Periodic Table of ElementsSee Periodic Table of Elements

MoleculesMolecules

The result of The result of two or moretwo or more atoms atoms combining by chemical bonding.combining by chemical bonding.– you cannot break it into smaller pieces you cannot break it into smaller pieces

and keep the same propertiesand keep the same propertiesExamplesExamples

– HH22OO

– COCO22

– NaClNaCl

Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles

ProtonsProtons– Have a positive charge (+)Have a positive charge (+)– Part of NucleusPart of Nucleus

NeutronsNeutrons– Have a neutral charge (O)Have a neutral charge (O)– Part of the Nucleus Part of the Nucleus

Electrons Electrons – Have a negative charge (-)Have a negative charge (-)– ““float” around the Nucleus float” around the Nucleus

MassMass

How much “stuff” (matter) there is in How much “stuff” (matter) there is in an objectan object

We use a Balance to find MassWe use a Balance to find Mass– Triple Beam BalanceTriple Beam Balance

VolumeVolume

How much space something takes upHow much space something takes up– If it is regular shape you can use If it is regular shape you can use

mathematical formula mathematical formula Length x Width x HeightLength x Width x Height

– If it is irregular, you can use the If it is irregular, you can use the displacement of water to tell the volume displacement of water to tell the volume of the shapeof the shapeExample in beakerExample in beaker

States of MatterStates of Matter

SolidSolidhighly compacted molecules, definite highly compacted molecules, definite

shape, definite volume, definite mass.shape, definite volume, definite mass.liquidliquid

molecules are more spread out, does molecules are more spread out, does NOT have a definite shape (it takes the NOT have a definite shape (it takes the shape of its container), definite shape of its container), definite volume, definite massvolume, definite mass

GasGasmolecules are really spread out, does molecules are really spread out, does

NOT have a definite shape (takes the NOT have a definite shape (takes the shape of its container), does NOT have shape of its container), does NOT have a definite volume. a definite volume.

DensityDensity

The amount of matter in a given The amount of matter in a given space. (Mass per unit volume)space. (Mass per unit volume)

Compares mass to volumeCompares mass to volume

If the mass stays the same…If the mass stays the same…

If the mass stays the same, If the mass stays the same, but but volume decreasesvolume decreases, , then density then density increases.increases.– Same amount of stuff into smaller areaSame amount of stuff into smaller area

If the mass stays the same, If the mass stays the same, but but volume increasesvolume increases, , then density then density decreases.decreases.– Same amount of stuff into larger areaSame amount of stuff into larger area

If volume stays the same..If volume stays the same..

If the volume stays the same, If the volume stays the same, but but mass decreasesmass decreases, , then density then density decreases.decreases.– Less stuff in the same amount of spaceLess stuff in the same amount of space

If the volume stays the same, If the volume stays the same, but but mass increasesmass increases, , then density then density increases.increases.– More stuff in the same amount of spaceMore stuff in the same amount of space

Why should I care about Density?Why should I care about Density?

If an object’s density is If an object’s density is HIGHER/ HIGHER/ MORE THANMORE THAN another object’s another object’s density density then it will sink/fall/ go down then it will sink/fall/ go down underunder

If an object’s density is If an object’s density is LOWER/ LOWER/ LESS THANLESS THAN another object’s another object’s density, density, then it will float/rise/ go up then it will float/rise/ go up aboveabove