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A problem is (1) any significant, perplexing

and challenging situation, real or artificial,

the solution of which requires reflective

thinking; (2) a perplexing situation after it

has been translated into a question or

series of questions that help determine the

direction of subsequent inquiry.

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Aim or purpose of the problem forinvestigation.

The subject matter or topic to be

investigated.The place or locale where the research is

to be conducted.The period or time of the study during

which the data are to be gathered.Population or universe from whom the data

are to be collected.

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1stKey: Select and Focus your Topic

Choose General Subject Area

Narrow down the topic

Select focused topic from general subject

area

Verify topic with instructor

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2ndKey: Set Up a Research Strategy

Research available information is there

enough?

Start research

3rdKey: Develop a Preliminary ResearchStatement

Develop your thesis statement

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4thKey: Conduct In-Depth Research

5thKey: Take Good Notes

6thKey: Choose the Best Structure Createan Outline

7thKey: Complete the First Draft

8thKey: Revise Your Draft

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The research problem must be chosen by theresearcher himself.

It must be within the interest of theresearcher.

It must be within the specialization of theresearcher.

It must be within the competence of theresearcher to tackle.

It must be within the ability of the researcherto finance, otherwise, he must be able to findfunding for his research.

It is researchable and manageable.

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It can be completed within a reasonable period of

time unless it is a longitudinal research whichtakes a long for its completion. It is significant, important, and relevant to the

present time and situation, timely, and of currentinterest.

The results are practical and implementable. It requires original, critical, and reflective thinking

to solve it. It can be delimited to suit the resources of the

researcher but big enough to be able to givesignificant, valid, and reliable results andgeneralizations.

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Identify and develop your topic.

Find background information

Use catalogs to find books and media

Use indexes to find periodical articles

Find internet sources

Evaluate what you find

Cite what you find using a standard format

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The title should be concise, descriptiveand comprehensive.

The title should convey the subject matter

of the study by the use of key termsThe title should be delimited accordingly.The researcher may emulate the works of

outstanding researchers on how they settheir thoughts in the words of the title.

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APA Style from the AmericanPsychological Association

MLA Style from the Modern LanguageAssociation of America

Turabian and Chicago Styles from thework of Kate Turabian at the University ofChicago and the University of ChicagoPress

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Chapter 1 The Problem The Introduction Statement of the Problem Hypothesis Significance of the Study Scope and Limitations of the Study Definition of Terms

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Related Theories and Concepts Research Paradigm The Variables

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Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Design Research Setting Research Subjects Research Instruments Data Gathering Procedure Data Treatment

Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis andInterpretation of Data

Chapter 5 Findings, Conclusion and

Recommendation Findings Conclusion Recommendation

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Essential Parts of a Good Introduction Rationale informs the reader the reason of the

research. A brief explanation of why the research

is worthy of study and may make a significantcontribution to the body of already existing

knowledge.

Purpose the goal or objective of the research

The Research Questions

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Introduction of a thesis should contain a discussion

of any or all of the following:

Presentation of the problem. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem

that needs a solution.

Rationale of the study. Historical background of the problem. A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a

situation, circumstance, or phenomena. A desire to find a better way of doing something or

improving a product. A desire to discover something. Geographical conditions of the study locale. A link between the introduction and the statement of the

problem

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The problem should express a relation betweentwo or more variables.

The problem should be stated clearly andunambiguously in question form.

The problem and the problem statement shouldimply possibilities of empirical testing.

A research problem is one that can be investigatedthrough the collection and analysis of data.A problem should have theoretical as well as

practical significance.A good problem is good for the researcher given

his current level of research skills, availableresources, time and other restrictions.

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Guidance in explaining the significance of

the study: The rationale, timeliness, and/or relevance of the

study.

Possible solutions to existing problems or

improvement to unsatisfactory conditions.

Who are to be benefitted and how they are going

to be benefitted.

Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge.

Possible implications.

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Guidelines in defining terms: Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or

unique meanings in the study are defined. Terms should be defined operationally, that is, how

they are used in the study.

The researcher may develop his own definition fromthe characteristics of the term defined.

Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books,magazines and newspaper articles.

Definitions should be as brief, clear, and unequivocal

as possible. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially

if it is not commonly known or if it is used for the firsttime.

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Guidelines in writing the scope anddelimitations A brief statement of the general purpose of the

study.

The subject matter and topics studied anddiscussed.

The locale of the study.

The population or universe from which the

respondents were selected.

The period of the study.