The Azf Factory Explosion

8/15/2019 The Azf Factory Explosion

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THE AZF FACTORYEXPLOSION,

FRANCE



ABSTRACT

During the morning of Se tem!er "#, "$$#,%roun& #$'#( %m, %rt of % )%rehou*e +ont%ining

%!out $$ metri+ ton* of re-e+t* of %mmoniumnitr%te gr%nu.%te* e/ .o&e& in the AZF .%nt in

Tou.ou*e 0Fr%n+e1, % *u!*i&i%r2 of TOTAL 3RO4P5

Thi* in+i&ent +%u*e& # &e%th*, hun&re&* of+%*u%.tie*, %n& enormou* &%m%ge*, e*tim%te& %to6er " !i..ion Euro*, to the .%nt, it* neigh!or*%n& the )ho.e +it25



ABO4T AZF PLANTOrigin France

Lo+%tion South of Tou.ou*e

Are% A ro/5 7" he+t%re*

Pro&u+t* Nitrogenou* Ferti.i8er* 9interme&i%r2 +hemi+%.

ro&u+t*

C% %+it2 of the P.%nt0:%-or Pro&u+t*1

#5 "$,$$$ t;2e%r of ure%"5 "<$,$$$ t;2e%r of %mmoni%

nitr%te

C% %+it2 of H%nger* "$$= $$ tonne*



ORI3IN 9 LOCATION



PROCESS• Re%+ting Ammoni% %n& Nitri+ A+i&

– NH > HNO NH? NO

• Li@ui& Ammonium Nitr%te – Con+entr%te& – Forme& into So.i&*

• Pri..ing• 3r%nu.%ting

• So.i& S+reening – Re+2+.e

• Lo+%tion of E/ .o*ion – Fin%. Pro&u+t



PROCESS



STATED NOR:S

Regu.%tion* *t%te& th%t the ri..ing to)er *hou.&not h%6e .o*t more th%n g;hour of AN5

The %rti+.e* th%t e*+% e& into the %tmo* here+% ture )%ter %n& turn into % !rine of AN th%t,

e6entu%..2, ferti.i8e* the en6ironment for nou*efu. ur o*e %n& +o6er* the roof* of !ui.&ing*in the North of the .%nt )ith % )hite .%2er th%t i*)%*he& %)%2 !2 the r%in5



BEHA IO4R OF AN

H2gro*+o i+it2'

= Humi& Atmo* here Thin .%2er of *%tur%te& )%ter *o.ution5

= Dr2 Atmo* here

C% e Form%tion



THE ACCIDENT

Figure on the .eft *ho)* %eri%. 6ie)* of the .%nt t% en in u.2 0to 1 %n& e%r.2 0!ottom1 O+to!er "$$#5 Thehoto on the .eft *ho)* the +r%ter from the e/ .o&e& h%ng%r ""# %n& the +on6e2or +%rr2ing the ro&u+t %fterni*hing to the m%in *tor%ge %re%5 The !e%m* +%rr2ing the +on6e2or )ere %inte& green5 The2 %re not *een

on the to gure !e+%u*e the2 %re hi&&en !2 the to of the +on6e2or5 The )hite * ot* on the roof of the m%in*tor%ge of the AN %re &e o*it* of AN +oming from the ri..ing to)er5 Figure on the right *ho)* the ri..ing



TI:ELINESe tem!er "$ th , "$$#

# to "$ metri+ ton* of Ammonium Nitr%te )%* mo6e& into !ui.&ing""#="""

Se tem!er "# *t , "$$#, morningAmmonium Nitr%te %+ ing ro&u+t* )ere mo6e& into the !ui.&ing

Se tem!er "# *t , "$$#, #$'#" A:A 3r%n& P%roi**e em .o2ee .eft %n %&-%+ent, *%+ = ..ing !ui.&ing5 Here orte& th%t nothing )%* out of the or&in%r2

Se tem!er "# *t , "$$#, #$'#( A:An e/ .o*ion o++urre& in !ui.&ing ""# )hen ?$ to <$ metri+ ton* ofAmmonium Nitr%te e/ .o&e& i..ing $ %n& in-uring ""$$5 Thee/ .o*ion .eft % +r%ter th%t )%* %!out 7$ meter* in &i%meter %n& (

meter* &ee 5 A num!er of ne%r!2 t%n * +ont%ining AmmoniumNitr%te )ere %.*o &%m%ge& !2 the e/ .o*ion, !ut &i& not &eton%te5



CONSE 4ENCES

O6er re**ure +%.+u.%tion The !.%*t )%* +om %r%!.e to ?$ ton* of TNTG <$ ton*of %mmonium nitr%te &eton%te&

:ore th%n $$ home* !e+%me uninh%!it%!.e, %n& <e&u+%tion%. !ui.&ing* )ere &%m%ge&5

The !.%*t %t the AZF .%nt re*u.te& in the .o** of $.i6e*,9""?" eo .e )ere in-ure&5

3.%** !re% %ge u to i.ometer* from the e/ .o*ion5



CONSE 4ENCES

Bui.&ing De*tru+tionNon=met%. !ui.&ing* m%&e uninh%!it%!.e u to $$meter* from the e/ .o*ion5Com .ete &e*tru+tion of !ui.&ing* u to $$ meter*from the e/ .o*ion5

Co*t*'Co*t to in*urer* =#5 !i..ion Euro 0 "5$#7 !i..ion1Co*t to the go6ernment = ""< mi..ion Euro 0 $7mi..ion1Co*t to Tot%. = " !i..ion Euro 0 "57< !i..ion1

In A ri. "$$", the AZF .%nt )%* +.o*e& !2 Tot%.5



CA4SE = DCCN% The oJ+i%. e/ ert* of the %++u*%tion %n& thein*tru+tion )ere e/+.u*i6e.2 +on+erne& )ith thee/ .o*ion of h%ng%r ""#5 To e/ .%in it, the2 fo+u*e&on % +hemi+%. re%+tion th%t the2 im%gine& +ou.& h%6e

h% ene& %.though thi* *eem* high.2 un.i e.2 if nottot%..2 im o**i!.e5

The AZF .%nt m%nuf%+ture* %.*o DCCN%0&i+h.oro+2%nur%te &e *o&ium1, % +om oun& th%t i*)i&e.2 u*e& to ee +.e%n the )%ter in *)imming

oo.*5

It* h2&ro.2*i* ro&u+e* h2 o+h.ori+ %+i& )hi+h +%nre%+t )ith %mmonium ion* to gi6e +h.or%mine* %n&,e6entu%..2, nitrogen tri+h.ori&e5



CA4SE = DCCN%

Nitrogen tri+h.ori&e i* un*t%!.e %n&, if %++umu.%te&, it r% i&.2&e+om o*e* e/otherm%..2 %n& m%2 e/ .o&e * ont%neou*.2)hen it* +on+entr%tion i* *uJ+ient.2 high5

Ho)e6er, the .%nt )%* %)%re of the otenti%. ro!.em5

The ro&u+tion*, tr%n* ort*, %n& *tor%ge* of DCCN% %n& AN)ere e t )e.. *e %r%te&5 No DCCN% )%* e6er foun& on thegroun&* of the %re%* )here *tor%ge* of AN re-e+t* )eretem or%ri.2 e t5

No re%+tion +%n t% e .%+e !et)een the &r2 *o.i&*5

But, it )%* foun& th%t, th%t &%2 &ue to the Aut%n )in&, there

%rou*e& the 6er2 e/%+t +on&ition* of humi&it2 %n& mi/ing.e%&ing to % %rti%. e/ .o*ion5



4N4S4AL E ENTS

Therm%. in6er*ion

The e/tent of .o+%. o..ution

The e.e+tri+ ertur!%tion*

The ertur!%tion* of .o+%. +ommuni+%tion*



THER:AL IN ERSION

A *trong therm%. in6er*ion )%* note& !2 theFren+h )e%ther *er6i+e for Se tem!er "$ %n&

unti. .%te morning the "# *t 5 Con*[email protected], the%tmo* here )%* *t%gn%nt %.. %roun& the .%nt*5

Thi* ro6i&e* % *ort of in*t%!i.it2 in )hi+h %o..ute& %tmo* here m%2 %++umu.%te &uring

therm%. in6er*ion*, in )hi+h it m%2 *immer %n&)here +hemi+%. re%+tion* m%2 t% e .%+e5



THE EXTENT OF LOCAL POLL4TION

Numerou* )itne**e* re orte& *trong, un .e%*%nt+hemi+%. o&or* %roun& the .%nt*, %rti+u.%r.2 on theNorth %rt of the in&u*tri%. %re%5

Sme..* of %mmoni% %n& urine )ere *tronger %n& more%ggre**i6e th%n u*u%. or th%n e6er !efore5 During themorning, the in&u*tri%. *ite !e+%me in+re%*ing.2 o..ute&5

:%n2 )itne**e* %++.%ime& to h%6e *een % &en*e h%82+.ou& %!o6e the ri..ing to)er of the .%nt %n& SNPE

.%nt %* )e..



ELECTRIC

PERT4RBATIONS The :%r+h%n& ho* it%., on the other *i&e of thero%& from AZF, +om .ete.2 .o*t o)er for # min5

%roun& ' $ %m5

The gener%tor of the SET:I +ogener%tion .%nt

%!out #5 mi.e* e*t=South= e*t of AZF )%**u&&en.2 &i*+onne+te& from the net)or , for %*ti.. un no)n re%*on, !et)een #$ %n& "$*e+on&* !efore the e/ .o*ion of h%ng%r ""# 5



PARTIAL AND CO:PLETE ELECTROC4TIONS

An em .o2ee he%r& % *trong noi*e, .i e % thun&er!o.t+.o*e !25

hen he he.& the met%. ro& for *u ort, he fe.te.e+tri e&, i* immo!i.i8e&, %n& *ho+ e&5 A fe)*e+on&* .%ter, he he%r& % *e+on& e/ .o*ion, )hi+hfree& him5

Another em .o2ee )%* foun& &e%& in % .%rge he%6i.2

&%m%ge& met%. +ont%iner th%t he )%* ..ing )ith AN!%g* !rought to him !2 % +on6e2or5



CONCL4SION

AR4N, ADD I:A3EHERE



INITIATION

Stor%ge of DDCN% %!o6e the ermi**i!.e .imit*5

Site* of *trong therm%. in6er*ion in theneigh!orhoo&5

4nu*u%..2 .%rge *t%gn%tion of o..ut%nt* +.o*e to thegroun&5



PROPA3ATION

Fog !%n ; )hite .ume of +on&en*e& 6% or &riftinghori8ont%..2 )e*t)%r& to)%r&* the high 6o.t%ge .ine5

The high 6o.t%ge +%!.e* might h%6e !een +o%te& )ith %.%2er of *o.ution5 Air mi/e& )ith the o..ut%nt* mighth%6e re%+te& together in the 6i+init2; imme&i%te

+ont%+t )ith the high 6o.t%ge .ine5

The high 6o.t%ge .ine +ert%in.2 .e% e& energ2 into it*en6ironment, +%u*ing the M%*he*, * %r *, %r+*, %n&.ight* *een !2 m%n2 )itne**e*5



PROPA3ATION

It might !e th%t % .e% of uD:H h%&in&e en&ent.2 .e%& to the re.e%*e of other

M%mm%!.e mi/ture* or th%t une/ e+te&%++i&ent* too .%+e )hen the SNPE +o=gener%tion unit )%* *t%rte&, %* it *eem* th%t it)%* .%nne& to &o *ome time th%t &%25

A* % +on*e@uen+e, one or % fe) *u++e**i6ee/ .o*ion* too r% i&.2 .%+e in the SNPEun&ergroun&, gener%ting the +o.umn* of *mo e%n& &u*t re orte& %n& +%u*ing %n e%rth@u% e5



PROPOA3ATION

The *eriou* e%rth@u% e +%u*e& !2 thi* or the*eun&ergroun& e/ .o*ion triggere& the e/ .o*ion of one

or t)o !om!* &ro e& !2 RAF in # ?? on the .%nt, There )%* % +ir+u.%r ho.e in the roof from )here the!om!* entere&, !ut the h%ng%r )%* other)i*e int%+t%n& *ur6i6e& %nother ( 2e%r*5

It i* no)n th%t %!out # of the*e o.& RAF !om!* &i&not e/ .o&e )hen the2 hit the groun&5 The2 !urie&un&er groun& %n&, if not foun& %n& e.imin%te&,rem%ine& there inert for m%n2 2e%r*5 Ho)e6er, their

e/ .o*ion m%2 !e triggere& %n2 time !2 *ome



TER:INATION



LESSONS LEARNT

S%fet2 m%n%gement *2*tem* *hou.& !e re6i*e&in +om %nie* o er%ting in thi* t2 e of %+ti6it2 in

or&er to en*ure the +ontro. of thi* ri* , !oth )ithreg%r& to re6ent%ti6e me%*ure*, %n& )ithreg%r& to tho*e %iming to re&u+e +on*e@uen+e*5

If the e/ .o*ion )%* +%u*e& !2 So&ium DDCN%then m%int%ining .o) moi*ture .e6e.* +ou.& h%6e

re6ente& the e/ .o*ion5



BIBLIO3RAPHYhtt *';;en5)i i e&i%5org;)i i;AZF 0f%+tor2 1

htt ';;)))5m% fre5+om;++m;+ontent;&o+umento*;m% frere; +hero;en;tre!o.=en=num"="5

&f

htt ';;%8f5&%nie.&i**25net;3uio+hon;AZF=Tou.ou*e=Hou*ton5htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZF_(factory

http://www.mapfre.com/ccm/content/documentos/mapfrere/fichero/en/trebol-en-num23-2.pdf





http://azf.danieldissy.net/Guiochon/AZF-Toulouse-Houston.htm










https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZF_(factory

The Azf Factory Explosion

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