The Axial Skeleton Chapter 8. Learning Targets 1- Name the regions of the vertebral column, and...
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Transcript of The Axial Skeleton Chapter 8. Learning Targets 1- Name the regions of the vertebral column, and...
The Axial SkeletonChapter 8
Learning Targets
1- Name the regions of the vertebral column, and number of vertebrae in each segment2- Identify the distinguishing characteristics of vertebrae from each spinal column segment
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Divisions of the Skeletal System
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Divisions of the Skeletal System
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral ColumnAlso called the spine, backbone, or spinal
columnFunctions to:
◦Protect the spinal cord◦Support the head◦Serve as a point of attachment for the ribs,
pelvic girdle, and musclesThe vertebral column is curved to varying
degrees in different locations◦Curves increase the column strength◦Help maintain balance in the upright position◦Absorb shocks during walking, and help protect
the vertebrae from fracture
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column
Bones of the Spine
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral ColumnVarious conditions may exaggerate the
normal curves of the vertebral column◦Kyphosis◦Lordosis◦Scoliosis
Composed of a series of bones called vertebrae (Adult=26)◦7 cervical are in the neck region◦12 thoracic are posterior to the thoracic cavity◦5 lumbar support the lower back◦1 sacrum consists of five fused sacral
vertebrae◦1 coccyx consists of four fused coccygeal
vertebrae
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column (Intervertebral Discs)Found between the bodies of
adjacent vertebraeFunctions to:
◦Form strong joints◦Permit various movements of the vertebral column
◦Absorb vertical shockVertebrae typically consist of:
◦A Body (weight bearing)◦A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord)
◦Several processes (points of attachment for muscles)
Take out your notebook and lay-out your notes as follows (use the whole page):
Feature Cervical thoracic Lumbar
General
Location
Body
Foreman
Spinous process
Transverse process
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column (Regions) Cervical Region
◦ Cervical vertebrae (C1–C7)◦ The atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra◦ The axis (C2) is the second cervical vertebra
Thoracic Region◦ Thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12)◦ Articulate with the ribs
Lumbar Region◦ Lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5)◦ Provide for the attachment of the large back muscles
Sacrum◦ The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the union of five
sacral vertebrae (S1–S5)◦ Serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
Coccyx◦ The coccyx, like the sacrum, is triangular in shape◦ It is formed by the fusion of usually 3-5 coccygeal vertebrae
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-a look at terms
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-cervical
Cervical Vertebrae
Feature Cervical thoracic Lumbar
General
Location Neck
Body --
Foreman Transverse and vertebral
Spinous process Slender and bifid
Transverse process
small
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-cervical
Diagram and label C1 (atlas)
Go to the link (“labeling the vertebrae”) found in Quia.
1. On the right hand side of the page, choose “Atlas C1 (superior view).”
2. Following the instructions, diagram and label the atlas.
3. Go to “test yourself” and test for understanding.
4. If you finish before your peers, work on the “axis.”
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-thoracic
Thoracic Vertebrae
Feature Cervical thoracic Lumbar
General
Location Neck Chest
Body -- Heart-shaped
Foreman Transverse and vertebral
Vertebral
Spinous process Slender and bifid
Long and slender-points inferiorly
Transverse process
small 10/12 have facets for rib articulations
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-thoracic
Diagram and label C1 (atlas)
Go to the link (“labeling the vertebrae”) found in Quia.
1. On the right hand side of the page, choose “Thoracic vertebra(superior view).”
2. Following the instructions, diagram and label the atlas.
3. Go to “test yourself” and test for understanding.
4. If you finish before your peers, work on the “Thoracic vertebra inferior and lateral views.”
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-lumbar
Lumbar Vertebrae
Feature Cervical thoracic Lumbar
General
Location Neck Chest Lower back
Body -- Heart-shaped Oval-shaped
Foreman Transverse and vertebral
Vertebral Vertebral (smaller)
Spinous process Slender and bifid
Long and slender-points inferiorly
Broad, flat, blunt
Transverse process
small 10/12 have facets for rib articulations
Short, narrower, not articular facets
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertebral Column-sacrum and coccyx
