The attached image shows a gastric parietal cell. Where is the correct site of action for...
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Transcript of The attached image shows a gastric parietal cell. Where is the correct site of action for...
The attached image shows a gastric parietal cell. Where is the correct site of action for
Ranitidine, Omeprazole, Acetazolamide, Ouabain?
The attached image shows the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of a gastric parietal cell. Which of the following is used as a stimulus at the time point indicated by the arrow?
A. HistamineB. PGE2C. AcetylcholineD. SomatostatinE. Saline solution
The hormone enterogastrone
A. Is secreted by the duodenum in response to duodenal filling
B. Accelerates gastric emptyingC. Is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood glucose
levelsD. Causes G cells to produce gastrinE. Causes the pyloric sphincter to open
Peristalsis is a form of gastrointestinal motility that primarily functions to:
A. Mix chymeB. Prevent chyme refluxC. Separate chymeD. Propel chyme aboradE. Stimulate chyme synthesis
Which of the following complications would you expect to find in a patient suffering from gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison) disease?
A. GallstonesB. Intestinal ulcersC. High serum insulinD. Intestinal alkalosisE. Weight gain
Which of the following hormones' secretion is stimulated by acidity of chyme?
A. GastrinB. SecretinC. CholecystokininD. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
Secretin and cholecystokinin are produced and secreted by cells in the lining of the alimentary tract. Which of the following statements about these 2 secretions is true?
A. They are produced by enteroendocrine cells in the lining of the stomach
B. They are digestive enzymes present within the lumen of the duodenum
C. They are produced by Paneth cellsD. They are hormones whose target cells are primarily
in the pancreas and biliary tractE. They are produced by Brunner's glands and released
into the lumina of the crypts of Lieberkühn
The swallowing center is located in the
A. Cerebral cortexB. MedullaC. HypothalamusD. ThroatE. Spinal cord
Which of the following conditions in the esophagus is caused by the decreased number of VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) containing neurons?
A. AerophagiaB. FlatusC. BorborygmiD. AchalasiaE. Carbon Monoxide poisoning
Swallowing initiates primary peristalsis in the esophagus
Stretch of the esophageal wall initiates secondary peristalsis
Motility in esophagus :-Primary and secondary peristalsis.
-Function of peristalsis is toPropel a bolus of food to stomach.
Stages:
Oral – voluntary
Pharyngeal – rapid involuntary
Esophageal – slow involuntary
Swallowing centre- Medulla
SWALLOWING
Clinical correlaton-
-Peptic Ulcer.
-Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)
-Achalasia-Chagas disease
Barium swallow showing bird's beak“ or "rat's tail" appearance in achalasia.
Lipid absorption
A. Is facilitated by specific transport proteins in the brush border
B. Is accelerated by the formation of micellesC. Depends on the lipid solubility of lipase for
hydrolysis of triglyceridesD. Is facilitated by pancreatic enzymes
Defecation
A. Cannot be delayed by conscious contraction of the external sphincter and levator ani muscles
B. Requires intact sympathetic innervation of the rectum for proper reflex integration
C. Depends on information from stretch receptors in the wall of the duodenum
D. Is a reflex interruption of anal continence