The Artistic Expression of Liberalism
description
Transcript of The Artistic Expression of Liberalism
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By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
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The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)e A sense of a shared vision among the
Romantics.
e Early support of the French Revolution.
e Rise of the individual alienation.
e Dehumanization of industrialization.
Radical poetics / politics an obsessionwith violent change.
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Leading Thinker – Rousseau• Believed society and
materialism corrupted human nature
• The Enlightenment had stifled creativity because it pushed rational thinking
• People are motivated by passion and desire
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EnlightenmentSociety is good, curbing
violent impulses!Civilization corrupts!
Romanticism
Early19c
A Growing Distrust of Reason
e The essence of human experience is subjective and emotional.
e Human knowledge is a puny thing compared to other great historical forces.
e “Individual rights” are dangerous efforts at selfishness the community is more important.
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The Romantic Movemente Began in the 1790s and peaked in the 1820s.e Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain
and Germany.e A reaction against classicism.e The “Romantic Hero:”
Greatest example was Lord Byron
Tremendously popular among the European reading public.
Youth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness.
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Characteristics of Romanticism
The Engaged & Enraged Artist: The artist apart from society.
The artist as social critic/revolutionary.
The artist as genius.
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Wandering Above the Sea of Fog
Caspar David Friedrich,
1818
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Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794
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Characteristics of Romanticism
The Individual/ The Dreamer: Individuals have unique, endless
potential. Self-realization comes through art
Artists are the true philosophers.
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The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
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Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823
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Characteristics of RomanticismGlorification of
Nature: Peaceful, restorative qualities [an
escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates].
Awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature.
Indifferent to the fate of humans. Overwhelming power of nature.
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An Avalanche in the AlpsPhilip James de Loutherbourg,
1803
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Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853
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The DelugeFrancis Danby, 1840
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Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822
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The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)
Caspar David Friedrich, 1821
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The Raft of the MedusaThéodore Géricault, 1819
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The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin
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Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795
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Dr. Frankenstein’s Adam & Eve??
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Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1844
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Rain, Steam,
& Speed
(details)
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The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1842
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The Slave Ship
(details)
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Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817
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The Corn Field
John Constable,
1826
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Characteristics of Romanticism
Revival of Past Styles: Gothic & Romanesque revival. “Neo-Gothic” architectural style. Medieval ruins were a favorite
theme for art and poetry.
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Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground
John Constable, 1825
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Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
John Constable, 1831
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Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829
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Eldena RuinGaspar David Friedrich, 1825
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Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811
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British Houses of Parliament1840-1865
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Characteristics of Romanticism
The Supernatural: Ghosts, fairies, witches, demons. The shadows of the mind—dreams
& madness. The romantics rejected
materialism in pursuit of spiritual self-awareness.
They yearned for the unknown and the unknowable.
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Cloister Cemetery in the SnowCaspar David Friedrich, 1817-
1819
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Abbey in an Oak ForestCaspar David Friedrich, 1809-
1810
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Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy
TheodoreGericault, 1822-1823
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Pity - William Blake, 1795
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The Great Red
Dragon and the Woman
Clothed with the Sun
William Blake,
1808-1810
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Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836
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Nightmare (The Incubus)Henry Fuseli, 1781
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Manfred and the Witch of the Alps
John Martin - 1837
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Witches Sabbath
Francisco Goya,1798
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Procession of Flagellants on Good Friday
Francisco Goya, 1793
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Saturn DevoursHis Son
Francisco Goya,
1819-1823
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Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi
Eugène Delacroix,
1827
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Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
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Detail of theMusket Bearer
Delacoix, himself
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The Rise of the Cartheginian EmpireJoseph Turner, 1815
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His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory”(Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806
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An Officer of the Imperial Horse Guard
Théodore Géricault, 1814
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Napoleonat the
St. BernardPass
David,1803
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The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815
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Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841
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Characteristics of Romanticism
Exoticism: The sexy “other.” A sense of escape from reality. A psychological/moral
justification of imperialism?
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Grand Canal, VeniceJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1835
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Massacre of Chios - Eugène Delacroix, 1824
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The Fanatics of TangiersEugène Delacroix, 1837-1838
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The Sultan of Morocco and His EntourageEugène Delacroix, 1845
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Women of Algiers in Their Apartment
Eugène Delacroix, 1834
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The Turkish BathJean Auguste Ingres, 1852-1863
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The Bullfight - Francisco Goya
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Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2nd, 1808
Francisco Goya, 1814
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The Royal Pavillion at BrightonJohn Nash, 1815-1823
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God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794
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Elohim Creating AbrahamWilliam Blake, 1805
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Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve
William Blake, 1825
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Faust and MephistophelesEugène Delacroix, 1826-1827
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The Seventh Plague of EgyptJohn Martin, 1823
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The Cathedral
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
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The Cathedral(details)
Gaspar DavidFriedrich,
1818
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The Great Age of the Novele Gothic Novel:
Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)
e Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)
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The Great Age of the Novel
e Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)
e Novel of Purpose: Hugh Trevar - Thomas Holcroft (1794)
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Other Romantic Writers
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1814-1816)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust (1806-1832)
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The Romantic Poets Percy Byssche Shelley Lord Byron (George
Gordon) Samuel Taylor
Coleridge William Wordsworth John Keats William Blake
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George Gordon’s
(Lord Byron)PoemThe
Prisonerof Chillon
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MaryShelley
Frankenstein
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SirWalterScott
Ivanhoe
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WilliamWordsworth’
sPoem,
TinternAbbey
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William WordsworthExcerpt from The Tables Turned: The Glories of
NatureBooks! ‘tis a dull and endless strife:Come, hear the woodland linnet,How sweet his music! on my life,There’s more of wisdom in it.
And hark! how blithe the throstle sings!He, too, is no mean preacherCome forth into the light of things,Let Nature be your Teacher
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SamuelTaylor
Coleridge’sPoem,
The Rimeof the
AncientMariner
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The Political Implicationse Romanticism could reinforce the greatest
themes of political liberalism or political conservatism.
e Contributed to growing nationalist movements.
The concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeist.
The uniqueness of cultures was emphasized.
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Bibliographic Sources
CGFA: A Virtual Art Museum. http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm
“Romanticism” on Artchive. http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html
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Questions
• How did Russia, France, and Britain respond to the challenges to the conservative order by 1835?
• How do the following three pictures illustrate the qualities of romanticism?
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Cloister Cemetery in the SnowCaspar David Friedrich, 1817-
1819
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The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821
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Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805