The art of blocking rising damp for the long...

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MASONRY INJECTION AGAINST RISING DAMP(CAPILLARY MOISTURE)

Horizontal barriers that work

SEAL THE VOIDS, REPEL THE WATER

Masonry injections against capillaryrising damp are designed to formhorizontal barriers. These are alwayscombined with other measures suchas water-stopping, internal or external

waterproofing and refurbishmentplaster systems. The site conditionsurvey and analysis determines: theposition of these horizontal barriers,the degree of capillary moisture flow

and the void volumes, plus it alsodetermines the choice of method:gravity fed or low pressure injectionand whether with or without pre-drying masonry requirements.

Injection methods work by voidimpregnation. Gravity fed or lowpressure injection, they fill the capillary

network of the substrate material, togive a fully impregnated layer withinand across the masonry walls.

The liquid materials injected into the masonry work as follows:

� The active substances are deposited in the substrates capillary networkand restrict, then block the flow of water.

� They also seal the capillary walls themselves, which has the effect ofproducing an ‘unwettable’ layer i.e. there is no longer any capillarymovement of water along the capillaries.

The Zarrentin monastery church has been the subject of an independent study for ascientific research project over the past 10 years: The effectiveness of the Remmers Kiesol system that was originally applied still remains fully waterproof and in excellentcondition today.

KIESOL STOPS THE WATERKiesol is a water repellent, void sealing material, which is extremelydurable. Its long term efficiency isdemonstrated by over 50 years ofpractical experience on many challenging buildings, wherewaterproofing has been included aspart of National Heritage conservation

projects. The water transport mechanisms within the masonry substrates are reduced by over90 %, the salt transport decreasesdramatically and Kiesol can even beused where there is high waterinfiltration and hydrostatic pressure.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DIFFICULT SITUATIONSMasonry injection – Gravity-fed injection

Gravity fed injection with Kiesol isapplied through holes drilled at anangle or horizontally using InjectionCartridges for the material or directlyinjecting it into the holes using extensiontubes with a low pressure gun.

This typical method of capillaryimpregnation by injection, works

where the accessible substrate void volume is sufficient to seal the substrate, producing an effectivemoisture barrier. Alternatively, forweaker substrates and where thereare more extensive voids in themasonry, Injection Cream can beused. This ‘Cream’ formulation can be used where there is

capillary moisture penetration of upto 60 %.

Where there are also already highlevels of moisture penetration, it canalso be used in combination withmasonry pre-drying techniques.

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THE SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONSFirst ‘plug’ then ‘seal’

The prepared substrate is primed with Kiesolbefore ‘plugging’.

Within the Kiesol open time, the SulfatexGrout is applied by brush.

The Waterproofing Filler is applied directlyonto the wet bond coat to ‘plug’ the injectionareas.

PRIMING WITH KIESOL

1

BOND COAT WITH SULFATEXGROUT

2

LEVELLING WITH WATERPROOFING FILLER

3

After ‘plugging’ the injection area, the 30mmdiameter injection holes are drilled at maximum 12.5 cm centres, at an angle of upto 45°.

Carefully blowing out the holes before injection/impregnation is necessary to ensureall of the drilling dust is removed.

The use of Injection Cartridges ensures thatKiesol can be effective by fully penetrating thewall over a long period.

DRILLING THE HOLES

4

BLOWING OUT THE HOLES

5

After the injection process, all of the holes aresealed with Injection Mortar.

SEALING THE HOLES

8

After sealing the holes, the whole area iswaterproofed with Sulfatex Grout.

WATERPROOFING THE INJECTION AREA

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APPLYING KIESOL WITH INJECTION CARTRIDGES

6

Injection Cream is applied by low pressureInjection as an alternative method.

APPLYING INJECTION CREAM BY LOW PRESSURE INJECTION

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WORKING UNDER PRESSUREMasonry injection – Low-pressure injection

Even with capillary moisture penetration levels of over 60 %,effective horizontal barriers can be formed in the masonry by thismethod. The masonry is visiblyimpregnated through an injectionand packer system at a pressure ofabout 5 bar.

This method has the advantage of achieving rapid controlled penetration with large quantities ofKiesol or Aida AMI. Security can befurther increased where required, byrepeating the injection in severalphases, over a short period of timeand with ‘wet on wet’ applicationtechniques.

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THE SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONSCreating water barriers under pressure

If void filling is not necessary then the permanent injection packers can be placeddirectly in the drilled holes.

If it is not possible to separate the internalwalls, the injection area is first ‘plugged’ as forNos. 1-3 on P. 37.

After installing the permanent injection packers, Kiesol is injected into the packersby the low pressure method.

APPLYING KIESOL HORIZONTALLY

1

CONNECTIONS TO THE INTERNAL WALLS, VERTICALLY

2

APPLYING KIESOL VERTICALLY

3

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OPTION 1: Low pressure methodwith Kiesol / Aida AMI

This low pressure technique offers a number of advantages. The mainones are controllable and rapidimpregnation of the masonry,

application of large quantities of Kiesol and use where there aremasonry capillary moisture levels ofmore than 60%.

There are often large voids in the masonry ofold walls. These are first pre-filled with Injection Mortar through the special packersystems.

As soon as the Injection Mortar begins to stiffen, the special injection needle is insertedthrough the mortar to create a small duct.

The wall is then injected through these samepackers with Kiesol IK using the low-pressure method. After removal of thespecial packers, the holes are sealed withInjection Mortar.

VOID FILLING WITH INJECTIONMORTAR

1

PREPARATION

2

APPLYING KIESOL IK

3

OPTION 2: Using the ‘wet on wet’method for sealing voids underpressure

With the ‘wet on wet’ method, voidsare filled and the injection material isapplied to the masonry without thecostly and time consuming redrilling.The method involves three stages:

Individually controllable connections. Simple screw connections onto the packersfixed in the holes in the wall.

ASSEMBLY OF THE EQUIPMENT

1

THE SYSTEM CONNECTIONS

2

Extensive warm air circulation in the structuredrives out the moisture initially as liquid waterand then as vapour.

THE WATER COMES OUT

3

THE WATER HAS TO MAKE WAYMasonry injection – with pre-drying by the heated packer method

For substrates with extremely highmoisture penetration levels, heatedcompressed air is forced into theporous masonry through a specialpacker. The moisture often initiallycomes out as liquid water underpressure, but this quickly reduces

and then when the electric heater isswitched on, the remaining waterevaporates and is discharged externally as vapour. These packerscan then also be used for the injection work. Remmers uses amodular system which is quick to

assemble: it can be used in lengthsof up to 8.5 m and if necessary it isable to dry several walls at the sametime. In only 5 hours the moisturelevel of a 50 cm thick masonry wallfalls from nearly 100 % to below50 %!

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THE REMMERS SYSTEM COMPONENTSMasonry injection – product information

Chemical horizontal barrier:

Kiesol Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

1810 30 kg10 kg5 kg1 kg

Liquid silicification concentrate for priming and surface consolidation

For wall thickness of 243.5 kg/m2

1,0-1.25 hrs per m by theimpregnationmethod for wallthickness of 24 cm

Extremely high efficiency

Plugging:

Kiesol IK Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

1813 30 kg10 kg

Aqueous silicone micro-emulsion with particle size in the nanometre range

For wall thicknessup to 24 cm: 0.7 kgconcentrate per m

1.0-1.25 hrs per m by theimpregnationmethod for wallthickness of 24

‘Wet on wet’process possible

WaterproofingFiller

Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

0426 25 kg Highly sulphate resistant sealing fillet and levelling mortar, rapid setting

1.7 kg/m2

per mm layer thickness

0.15-0.2 hrs per mper coat

Overcoatable afterabout 30 mins.

Void filling

Injection Mortar Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

0312 20 kg Ultrafine mortar for the sealing and repair of masonry Void fillers: 1.1 kg/dm3

0.5-0.75 hrs per m by theimpregnationmethod for wallthickness of 24

Low shrinkage

Injection Paste 2 K Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

0476 10 kg Product combining ultrafine hydraulic binders with high sulphate resistance

Void: 1.8 kg/dm3 0.6-0.8 hrs per m for wall thickness of 24cm

Usable in dry, wet and even underwater areas

Sulfatex Grout Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

0430 25 kg Highly sulphate resistant sealant slurry, normal setting Part 4: 3.2 kg/m2

Part 6: 5.0 kg/m2

0.1-0.15 hrs per m2

per coat

KTW approved.

Injection Cream Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

0709 18 l5 l

Ready to use emulsion with creamy consistency, water-repellent

For wall thickness of 24:0.96 kg/m

- 1.25 hrs per m bythe penetrationmethod for wallthickness of 24

Can also be used forsealing voids

The man hours guide times are based on experience and may vary according to the building size, details and specific requirements.

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The main function of refurbishmentplasters is to safely store saltsdeposited from continuous moisturepenetration, movement and evaporation, preventing damage dueto hygroscopic moisture absorptionand expansive crystallisation. Forsuccessful external restoration andwaterproofing, application of a

Restoration Render is also recommended on the internal surface of the walls.

� The Restoration Render also actsas a water repellent, so that thesalts it contains do not reach thesurface, even when moisturevapour passes through it.

Refurbishment plaster systems for this problem work in two ways:

� They move the evaporation point from the masonry surface to withinthe Remmers plaster layer.

� The salts dissolved in the moisture in the walls can also then safely be deposited and stored within the new Remmers refurbishmentplaster, without any possibility for damage.

� The Render acts as a storage container for the salts. When anymoisture diffuses out through theRestoration Render, it leaves thesalts that were dissolved in itbehind.

� The salt resistance of RestorationRender systems is so high that one 20 mm thick layer is sufficient, even where the classification is of a “Medium”level of salt content in the water.(according to German WTA guidelines).

� Remmers refurbishment plasters/renders can be used without additional waterproofing up to a substrate moisture content of < 40%.

Remmers Refurbishment Renders/Plasters perform these functions extremely well. In several parameters they exceed the offical requirements including:

Plasters can only meet these requirements if their pore volumeand structure is designed with thelatest mortar technology. Active capillary network forming agents andcapillary wall barrier pore formers,

are both included in the formulations,so that these ‘salt storage areas’ arespecially produced in the hardeningfinishes. The capillary water migration in the capillary pore system of the masonry can then be

controlled as required, in conjunctionwith any necessary waterproofing,by using the refurbishment rendersystem as a safe evaporation zoneand a safe salt storage container.

Salt Salt content level in weight %

Chlorides < 0,2 0,2 – 0,5 > 0,5

Nitrates < 0,1 0,1 – 0,3 > 0,3

Sulphates < 0,5 0,5 – 1,5 > 1,5

Classification Low stress Medium stress High stress

Salt System Layer thickness content level in mm

Low to medium 1. Preparatory Mortar min. 5System 1 2. Restoration Render min. 20

High 1. Preparatory Mortar min. 5System 2 2. Undercoat Render min. 10

3. Restoration Render min. 15

� Salt storage capacity� High sulphate resistance� Fibre reinforced for crack-free

drying

REMOVING THE THREAT OF EXPANSIVE SALTSRestoration Render and Plaster

REMEDIAL MEASURES ARE DEPENDENT ONTHE SALT CONTENT CLASSIFICATION

A SAFE EVAPORATION ZONE AND SAFE SALT STORAGE

SOLUTIONS FOR ALL TYPES OF AGGRESSIVE SALTS

Refurbishment plaster system

Since 2005 refurbishment plaster systems have been described andregulated in EN 998-1. This standardrefers to the German WTA data sheet2-9-05/D “Refurbishment plaster systems”. This specifies the technical

requirements and also gives clearadvice on how to plan and install refurbishment plaster systems. Thelevel of salt stress from chlorides,nitrates and sulphates identified in thebuilding condition survey and analysis

is classified in one of three levels “low”,“medium” or “high”, dependent on thepercentage salt content. Remmersrefurbishment plaster systems also actas a moisture-regulating protectionsystem for the internal waterproofing.

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D

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System 2 System 1

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A Preparatory Mortar B Undercoat

Render C Restoration Render D Fine

Render

The appropriate Remmers plaster system isapplied with minimum 24 hours between layers.Intermediate layers must be prepared for thenext layer by scratching and scoring when wet.

The stiffened Restoration Render surface isprepared for application of the following finishing plaster with a special float.

APPLYING RESTORATION RENDER

SCRATCHING RESTORATIONRENDER SURFACES

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The Fine Render plaster is applied on the prepared surface at a maximum layer thickness of 5 mm then floated to level andprofile.

APPLYING FINE RENDER

3

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THE REMMERS SYSTEM COMPONENTSRemmers refurbishment plasters – product information

Spray mortar:

Void plaster undercoat

Refurbishment plasters:

Finish design:

PreparatoryMortar


0400 30 kg Spray applied mortar easy to apply 5 kg/m2 0.1 hrs per m2

by sprayMinimal shrinkage

UndercoatRender


0401 20 kg Plaster undercoat, water vapour impermeable, water repellent

9.5 kg/m2

at 10 mm layerthickness

0.4 hrs per m2


Can be sprayapplied

SpecialRestorationRender


0403 20 kg Refurbishment plaster with extremely high sulphate resistance 8.5 kg/m2


0.1-0.2 hrs per m2

spray applied at 20mm layer thickness

Easy application due to special fillertechnology andadded fibres

Fine Render Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

0408 25 kg Tested in combination with Remmers refurbishment plaster systems

1.5 kg/m2

per mm layer thickness

0.15-0.2 hrs per m2

manually

Max. particle size0.3 mm, usable inlayer thicknesses upto 5 mm

RestorationRender Paint


3080 15 l5 l

Special paint for use on refurbishment plasters 0.2 l/m2 0.15-0.3 hrs per m2

Water vapour diffusible, sd value: 0.1 m

RestorationRender


0402 20 kg Refurbishment plaster, high salt storage capacity due to its air void volume

8.5 kg/m2


0.2-0.4 hrs per m2

spray applied at 20mm layer thickness

Easy application due to special fillertechnology and added fibres

The man hours guide times are based on practical site experience and may vary according to the building size, details and specific requirements.

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TO FILL VOIDS AND SUCCESSFULLY REFURBISH THE MASONRY

Special Waterproofing solutions

Voids in the materials of the buildingfabric can significantly affect theirfunctionality and durability.

Remmers supplies ‘state of the art’solutions for all types of masonryrefurbishment and void filling or sealing problems.

WATER IS QUICKLY STOPPEDSpecial solutions – Preliminary water-stopping during waterproofing operations

Stopping water ingress representsone of the most difficult waterproofingchallenges. Remmers Kiesol systemsprovide fast stable water-stopping,even under hydrostatic pressure.

The main success factor here is thecombination of materials technologyand sealing methods used. Afteropening up the damaged area andforming a drainage hole, Aida Waterstopis applied and built round and over

the area of ingress. It sets very quicklyand is shrinkage compensated, sothe water penetration is soonstopped with the final ‘plugs’ in thecentre.

� Cracks are sealed and waterproofed by grouting� Anchors are grouted for stability� Water ingress is halted� Voids are reliably filled

THE REMMERS SYSTEM COMPONENTSProduct Information

Patching mortar:

Aida Waterstop Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

1009 15 kg5 kg

Special hydraulic binder, shrinkage compensated, chloride free, watertight, rot-resistant and non-shrink

Void: 2 kg/m3 Approx 0.1 hrs per plug

Does not corrode,does not effloresce

Grouting mortar

InjectionPaste 2 K


0476 10 kg Product combining ultrafine hydraulic binder with high sulphate resistance

Void: 1.5 kg/dm3 0.3-0.4 hrs per m

Fills and consolidates dry,damp and evenunderwater areas of masonry


EXTERNAL WATERPROOFING WITHOUT EXCAVATION

Special solutions – ‘Curtain’ injection waterproofing

If it is impossible to excavate theaffected walls due to other buildings,services or construction details, then‘curtain’ injection waterproofing canbe the answer: An injection gel ispumped through holes in the wallsfrom the inside through to the

external side. This method can alsobe used for floor slabs. RemmersInjection Gel PUR is fast-reactingand resistant to dilute acids, alkalisand the salts and gases common in buildings. It has excellent sealing properties and also resists

freeze/thaw cycles. The gel alsofunctions as a soil stabiliser and issuitable for use around leaks andwhere there is high water infiltrationthrough cracks.

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Injection gel:

Injection Gel PUR


0948 10 kg2.5 kg

Solvent-free, reactive, non-corrosive polyurethane for waterproofing of ground contact areas (by curtain injection)

Surface waterproofing: ca. 3.0 kg/m2

Void: 0.2 kg/dm3

2.0 hrs per m2 Suitable for leakswith high water infiltration throughcracks and for associated soil stabilisation


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GROUTING AND SEALING CRACKS EFFICIENTLYSpecial solutions – Crack grouting and sealing

Cracks are a common defect, damage or result of damage in concrete floors. Even in new buildings, cracks occasionally needto be sealed before handover,because they clearly constitute an

unacceptable defect. The choice ofstructural or flexible crack groutingdepends on the water content in thesubstrate and the size and nature ofthe crack. A Structural Engineershould always be consulted.

Aida Waterstop is first used to ‘plug’water bearing cracks and waterseepage or infiltration points. Wateringress can then quickly be stoppedwith Remmers polyurethane injectionresins.

Patching mortar:

Aida Waterstop Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

1009 15 kg5 kg

Special hydraulic binder, shrinkage compensated, chloride free,watertight, rot-resistant and non-shrink

Void: 2.0 kg/dm3 0.1 hrs per plug Does not corrodesteel, does not effloresce

Remmers 2-part polyurethane injection resin

Injection Resin2 K PUR


0939 10 x 1 kg Solvent-free, 2-part polyurethane system for elastic crack filling Void: 1.1 kg/dm3 0.5 hrs per m Waterproofing ofwater filled cracks in concrete andmasonry and forsealing constructionjoints in building and civil engineeringstructures

InjectionResin PUR


0946 5 kg1 kg

Solvent-free polyurethane system for elastic crack filling, moisture reactive

Void: 1.0 kg/dm3 0.5 hrs per m Waterproofing andsealing of waterfilled cracks

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EXPERIENCE IS REVEALED IN THE DETAILSSpecial solutions – Penetrations through the masonry

Necessity is the mother of invention!Even the penetration of water underpressure from the inside can bedurably waterproofed without costlydiversion and pumping systems.

Remmers system solutions can replacealternative time consuming and verycostly repairs. The PCC mortar fromthe Kiesol system provides the necessary support against the water

pressure around the infill area and internally the Stopaq sealing compound swells on contact with waterand forms a durable waterproofing sealthrough its very nature.


Mineral mortar:

Permanently plastic sealing compound:

PCC Mortar N Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

13971398

25 kg Ready-mix 1-part mineral mortar in the Remmers Visacid PCC system

2.0 kg/m2


– Factory proportioned pre-bagged dry mortar

Stopaq Art. No. Pack: Characteristics Consumption Man hours guide Advantages

7810 310 ml Permanently plastic, 1-part sealing compound for damp and wet substrates

Void: 1.2 kg/dm3 Approx 0.3 hrs each seal

Expansive underwater, vapour tight


PCC Mortar

Remmers Stopaq

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GUARANTEED DRY AND WATERPROOF FOR 10 YEARS

Remmers System Guarantee

TheRSG Remmers System Guaranteemeans security signed, sealed anddelivered for developers, specifiersand their clients. Remmers provide aclear 10 year warranty on all of thematerials used. This is for their usewithin the Remmers Kiesol system,for both internal and external waterproofing, provided the work is carried out by a Remmersapproved specialist contractor andin accordance with Remmers instructions for use.

Remmers are totally confident withthis, because the Remmers Kiesolsystem has already proved itselfworldwide on thousands of new andold buildings for the last 50 years.

As an example, the Remmers Kiesolsystem has been protecting the two metre thick walls of the Alte Oper in Frankfurt for over 25years. Countless major project references that are widely documented and independently

analysed, provide impressive proofof the systems reliable performanceand effectiveness. This is for both external ground contact waterproofing and internal basementwaterproofing.

Therefore Remmers happily givesthis guarantee commitment with thislong warranty period.

The RSG from Remmers gives‘developers, specifiers and theirclients total security against failure ofthe waterproofing occurring duringthe warranty period. No greatersecurity is available.

Of course RSG partner contractorsand distributors also benefit from theguaranteed long-term security of theRemmers Kiesol system: They gain aclear competitive advantage andtheir satisfied customers are happyto pass on a recommendation.

NO GREATER SECURITY AVAILABLE

With the RSG clients knowexactly what they are getting:� Installation by certified

Remmers specialist contractors� Full detailing and documentation

for all of the works and a clearwarranty certificate

Choose the safe option:Contact Remmers technical service department.

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Remmers (UK) Limited · Crawley RH10 9NN · United Kingdom · Tel: +44 (0) 845 373 0103 · Fax: +44 (0) 845 373 0104Remmers (Far East) Pte. Ltd · Singapore 417841 · Tel: +65 6 7410277 · Fax: +65 67417158

www.remmers.co.uk

The art of blocking rising damp for the long...

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