The Architectural Vision The Architectural Vision to Overcome the to Overcome the

Renewable Applications Renewable Applications impediments in Gulf Areaimpediments in Gulf Area

Dr.Ehab Ibrahim Foda Otaishan Consulting Engineers (OCE) Head Of Architectural Department

February 2014

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Table of Content:

• Introduction to Sustainability

• Renewable Energy Technologies

• The Renewable Technology Applications in Architecture

• Renewable Applications Challenges

• Renewable energy potentials in the region

• The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region

• Existing barriers to expansion of renewable Projects

• Suggested solutions to overcome the impediments (in 6 Groups)

• Conclusion

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1. Introduction to Sustainability In searching for Sustainable Development, developing countries governments must begin to provide the direct response for ensuring that their policies, programmes, and budgets are supporting the economically and ecologically sustainable development.

Circles of Circles of SustainabilSustainabil

ityity

ECOLOGY

CULTUREPOLITICS

ECONOMICS

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14Sustainability

Designing for the Environment

This is the right time to This is the right time to enable a rapid enable a rapid transition to transition to

Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy Applying, Specially in Applying, Specially in

Architectural fieldArchitectural field, , because this is the because this is the

easiest way to spread easiest way to spread these technologies. these technologies.

Sustainable Development

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“Chernobyl Nuclear Accident” (26 April, 1986)“Fukushima Nuclear Disaster” (11 March, 2011) Highlighted that, nuclear power is not safe enough to be the best alternative power source, for future needs of developing countries.But the Renewable technologies could address global climate change more quickly than nuclear power, and without the production of radioactive waste or other types of pollution

FukushimaFukushimaChernobylChernobyl

Sustainable Energy Sources

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2. Renewable Energy Technologies 2-1 SourcesRenewable means forms of energy which are not exhausted by use over time and it can be regenerated in a relatively short time. The Main renewable resources: Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass and Hydro.

Renewable resources are available in Gulf RegionRenewable resources are available in Gulf Region

Direct Solar Irradiance

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2. Renewable Energy Technologies 2-2 BenefitsThere are wide ranges of Renewable Energy benefits can be addressed under main titles:

CO 2 neutral: Renewable energy sources generally either do not produce carbon dioxide.Less polluting: Renewable energy use can reduce pollution from electricity generation. Sources such as wind and solar energy do not produce emissions in power generation.Sustainability: Renewable energy sources have long-term sustainability, as opposed to fossil energy sources which will eventually be exhausted or the risks of nuclear reactor.Generating new jobs: The renewable energy policies and development have the potential to create new industries and generate new jobs.

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14TOP FIVE COUNTRIESTOP FIVE COUNTRIES

(REN21) RenewableS 2013-GLOBAL STATUS REPORT- www.ren21.net

2. Renewable Energy Technologies 2-3 Top Five Renewable Countries

Total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded 1,470 gigawatts (GW) in 2012, up about 8.5% from 2011.

China, the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Germanyremained the top countries for total renewable electriccapacity by the end of 2012.

19%19%

3. The Renewable Technology Applications in Architecture New Architectural systems tying in the Science and the ArtArt together to accomplish “Sustainable Architectural Designs”.

Through multidisciplinary approaches professionals can connect Through multidisciplinary approaches professionals can connect renewable energy applications and architecture in creative renewable energy applications and architecture in creative configurations.configurations.

Renewable energy can provide basic energy services, including, including lighting and communications, cooking, heating and cooling, and and cooling, and water pumping, in addition to generate electricity.Ro

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3. The Renewable Technology Applications in Architecture The Architectural renewable Design produces new ideas by using the following systems:-

1. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV),2. Building-integrated wind energy (BIWE), 3. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), 4. Solar power towers, 5. Dish systems, 6. Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV), 7. Geothermal Energy Heat, 8. and Hydropower Electricity.

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11 22

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3. The Renewable Technology Applications in Architecture

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4. Renewable Applications ChallengesMany challenges facing the applications of renewable energy could be summarized in next points:

• The key limiting factor is the weakness of government support and incentives.

• The current cost of many Renewable Applications is relatively high.

• The Renewable Applications didn't have the proper infrastructure.

• The public awareness of Renewable Applications is generally low.

• lack of considerations in building and town planning regulations made Renewables difficult to grow.

• Lack of information, advice and training are additional factors that affect development of the renewable technologies.

- Investments- Generation costs- Externalities

- Availability- Grid connection- Technology level

- Social benefits- Environmental impact

- Incentives- Trainings

Major considerations for developing Renewable Applications

4. Renewable Applications Challenges

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• Renewable energy resources can cope with the growing demand of the region.

• Renewable energies are the least cost option for energy in the region.

• The primary energy received by each square meter of land equals

1–2 barrels of oil per year.

5. Renewable energy potentials in the region

“Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region” - 2005 - http://www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp

German Aerospace Center (DLR) in MED-CSP Study Report in MED-CSP Study Report concluded that:

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5. Renewable energy potentials in the region The Arab Academy of Sciences (AAS) Estimated the Average solar radiation potential for the desert surfaces in the Arab Region:

•The Desert area is about (87%) of 14 million km2 [Arab Region Area ]•Equivalent Electric Energy =2.35 x 0.15 = 0.3525 TWh/km 2 /year. •Total Solar Thermal Energy falling on the Arab land = 14 x 106 x 0.87x 2.35 TWh/km 2 /year= 28.623 million TWh/year •or 17889 billion barrels of oil equivalent annually.

Arab Academy of Sciences (AAS) and Arab Forum for Sustainability Science (AFFSS) – “renewable and alternative sources of energy (ARSE)” www.arabacs.org/Arabic/AlternativeAndRenewableSourcesOfEnergyConference-Beirut.pdf

This Annual amount of Renewable Energy in Arab Countries is about 27.5 times the Total

existing Arab oil reserves

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf RegionThere are some major renewable energy projects in the gulf region; their total capacity exceeds 600 MW, could be summarized as below:- •Shams (1) is a solar thermal project (100 MW) at Abu Dhabi; it is a concentrating solar power station that uses parabolic trough mirrors technology. It covers an area of 2.5 square kilometers.

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region•Princess Nora University for Women (PNUW) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA). – The World’s Largest Solar Heating Plant (25 MW) The 36,000m2 solar field integrated with over 900m3 of storage and the conventional boilers provides district hot water for the Platinum LEED Princess Nora University for Women (PNUW) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA)

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region•The Masdar City, at Abu Dhabi with (10 MW) PV power plant. Masdar is Abu Dhabi's “clean energy cluster”. It is now under development on the outskirts of the capital city. It is 218,000 m2 field containing 87,000 solar module installed to light weight steel racking over 300 km wiring.

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region•King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) core campus, located on the Red Sea at Thuwal - KSA, is sited on more than 36 square kilometers. (KAUST) used (2 MW) PV and (2MW) equivalent of solar thermal, that produces 5.7% of total campus energy demand.

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region•The top roof of the offices at Burj Khalifa at Dubai; there are 378 collector panels, (total area of 1021 m2), can heat the entire 140,000 140,000 LL of water in approximately 7 h of day time solar radiation. of water in approximately 7 h of day time solar radiation. The solar powered water brings energy savings equivalent to The solar powered water brings energy savings equivalent to (3200 kW) per day and (690 MW) of energy per annum(3200 kW) per day and (690 MW) of energy per annum.

828

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region•The Bahrain World Trade Center (BWTC) is a 240 m high twin tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain. (BWTC) holds three parallel turbines between the two towers. The wind turbines are expected to provide 11% to 15% of the towers' total power consumption, or approximately (674kW).

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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region•Shams Tower, Yas Marina Circuit at Abu Dhabi. The Yas Marina Circuit is the venue for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix; it was situated on Yas Island. Shams Tower was covered with a (291 kW) PV solar electricity sheets

7. Existing barriers to expansion of renewable Projects

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There are many obstacles that face the renewable energy applications in the Region, such as:-

•Renewable energy systems are perceived as more difficult and expensive than traditional systems

•The absence of Renewables friendly regulations

•The Weakness of the Community funding for the local renewable energy

•There is no platform for exchanging experiences, generating, spreading innovative ideas and piloting market-oriented projects

• The lack of good quality practical information, advice and training for investments in renewable energy applications.

• There is no mother organization to gather all the stakeholders such; national governments and municipalities, research organizations, project developers, architects, construction companies, and financial institutions.

• There are no Planning policies to encourage the application of renewable energy in the Architectural projects.

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7. Existing barriers to expansion of renewable Projects

Mother Organization

8. Suggested solutions to overcome the impediments

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14The spread of renewable technology must start from the applications in Architectural field because of the prominent role of Architecture in our lives. Architecture is shaping the built environment and urban space; it also creates the future cultural heritage of a particular society.

The improvement of Architectural designs by using Renewables, will help in meeting our future expectations and make our countries more civilized.

(As in the next 6 Groups)

8.1 The Initiative of Renewable Energy in Architecture

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• Successfully integrated Applications must dependent on Analyze of the local conditions to evaluate the potentials of renewable energy resources, and identifying priority projects, in addition to provide Special Regulations and Guidelines.

• Explanatory workshops about the new Renewable Energy systems and its design requirements to be organized regularly for architects and designers.

• The generation of new design ideas that can integrate Renewables with architecture must be encouraged

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8.2 The Governmental support for Renewable Energy

• The primary role of local Governments is to define the policy framework for the Renewable energy applications, through their policies, programmes, and budgets which is economically and ecologically sustainable.

• The framework must include renewable energy targets; urban planning guidelines; building codes that promote renewable energy; tax credits, investment, subsidies, grants, or loans; as well as a variety of informal, voluntary actions to promote renewable energy at the community level

8.3 Planning policy that encourage Renewables

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14• The Planning Policies must provide appropriate land-use strategies

at local level to indicate the proper types of renewable energy and incorporate its requirements.

• Identify the necessary conditions for the integration of renewable applications in buildings and the urban environment.

• Promote Renewable technology as a real option for energy sources in Gulf region's towns and cities.

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8.4 Direct financial support to the investments in the field Local governments can support the investment in Renewable energy

field through many procedures such:oOffering special funds for renewable energy field in directly finance investments.oProvide no-interest loans, or facilitate markets in other ways.oGive direct support to investors to provide enough money for clean technologies and invest in both on- and off-grid energy solutions. oEncourage companies to make their operations and supply chains more energy efficient and form public-private partnerships to expand sustainable energy products and services. oInsure the cooperation of Industry, government, and academia to contribute new researches in Architectural renewable applications with enough budgets.

This presentation suggests establishing the Arab Gulf Renewable Energy Agency (AGREA); this committee will assist the local governments in promoting Renewables applications, by providing:

o Technical assistance and policy advices to the local authority

o More ambitious market facilitation activitieso Build strong partnerships between local authority and

local actorso Special platform for private sector actors to exchange

ideas and experienceso Framework that can facilitate new local market and offer

thousands of new jobso Organize many Architectural competitions for using

Renewables that integrated in building design for Gulf region.

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8.5 The Arab Gulf Renewable Energy Agency (AGREA)

The renewable technology industry should built training programmes and transfer connected skills with the application of Renewables in design, installation, operation, maintenance, repair and spare parts management.

Finally; The results of the projects has to be spread to as wide an audience in the region as possible.

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8.6 Development of Local Expertise

9. ConclusionThis presentation aiming to :• Links the renewable energy development with the architecture

field in Arab gulf region, • Encourages the interactive cooperation between public

institutions, NGOs and the private sector within the region for that goal.

• Highlights the importance of local framework policies that facilitating in-depth country-specific analysis, to provide access to the market of renewable energy applications.

• The Local governments should support the investments in Renewable energy field through all the available procedures.

• Finally, the renewable technology industry should built training programmes in design, installation, operation, maintenance, repair and spare parts management.

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NN

ING

F

OR

UM

20

14F

OR

UM

20

14