The AppendicularSkeleton

Ch. 8

HUMAN ANATOMY

Appendicular Skeletal System• 126 bones• Consists of the:• Upper Extremities

• Pectoral Girdle• Humerus• Ulna & radius• Carpal bones• Metacarpals• Phalanges

• Lower Extremities• Pelvic girdle• Femur• Tibia & fibula• Tarsal bones• Metatarsals• Phalanges

Appendicular Skeletal System

• For the Appendicular Skeletal System part of the unit, there will be no lecture. • You have been given the notes you will be tested/

quizzed on (also on Schoolwires).• You should be familiar

with all bones & bone regions identified in the notes & in the station rotation!

Appendicular Skeleton Box O’ Bones Activity

• Stations 1-4: Upper Appendicular System• Station 5-8: Lower

Appendicular System

• Use your notes, texts, models of bones & activities to learn each bone/region of the Appendicular Skeleton!• Make flashcards of bones & bone regions at

each station!• ANY of these bones are FAIR GAME for the

Appendicular Practical!• Put ALL materials back where they go

BEFORE you leave the station!• You have 15 mins./station!

The End

The Upper ExtremitiesBones & bone regions to be familiar with!• Pectoral girdle

• Clavicle• Scapula

• Superior & medial borders• Lateral border• Inferior angle• Caracoid process• Acromion process

• Brachium• Humerus

• Head• Greater & lesser tuberosities• Medial & lateral epicondyles• Ulnar nerve

• Antebrachium• Radius• Ulna

• Olecranon process• Trochlear (semilunar)

notch

• Carpals• Carpus

• Metacarpals• Manus

• Phalanges• Pollex

The Upper Extremities

• Clavicles• “S” shaped bones that

originate at the superior lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum

• Scapulae• Flat bones located at

the posterior lateral portion of the body

SUPERIOR

INFERIOR

MEDIALLATERAL

Manubrium

Regions to be familiar withBrachium (upper

arm) contains the humerus

Antebrachium (forearm) contains the radius & ulna

Humerus: Long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow

Superior round portion that articulates with the scapula is known as the “head”

Greater & lesser tuberosities Medial & lateral epicondyles

Sites of skeletal muscle attachment “Tuberosity” – refers to a process “Epi” – on, “condyle” – knuckle

Ulnar nerve: runs the length of the humerus & attaches at the proximal end of the ulna (olecranon process)

Blow to nerve sends sensation known as a “funny bone”

The humerus articulates with the radius & ulna at a location known as the “condyle”

Ulna: long bone that is medial to radius

Olecranon process: superior/ proximal end of ulna

Forms point of elbow

Trochlear (semilunar) notch: large depression where distal end of humerus articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

Radius: long bone that is the lateral bone of forearm

Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

Wrist, Hand & Fingers

• Carpus (wrist) –• Contains 8 carpal short bones • 2 rows

• Manus (hand) contains 19 bones in 2 groups• Metacarpals (5 in palm of hand) –

• Short bones that articulate with distal carpal bones to support the hand

• Roman numerals (I-V) are used to identify the metacarpals from lateral to medial

• Phalanges (14 finger bones) –• Articulate distally to metacarpal

bones• Proximal, middle & distal sets

• Thumb is known as the pollex• Only has proximal & distal sets

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The Lower ExtremitiesBones & bone regions to be familiar with!

• Pelvic girdle – ossa coxae• Ilium• Ischium• Pubis

• Pubis symphysis• Acetabulum• Greater sciatic notch• Ischial Tuberosity

• Femur• Head• Neck• Shaft• Greater (anterior) & Lesser (posterior)

Trochanters• Medial & Lateral Epicondyles

• Patella• Fibula

• Head

• Tibia• Tibial Tuberosity• Lateral & medial condyles

• Tarsals• Talus• Calcaneous bone• Navicular bone• Cuboid• Lateral, medial & intermediate

cuneiform bones

• Metatarsals• Phalanges

The Lower Extremities

• Paired hipbones - “ossa coxae”• Each hipbone – os coxa• Fusion of 3 bones

• Ilium (pl. – Ilia)• Extensive area of muscle, tendon,

ligament attachment• Ischium (pl. – Ischia)

• Posterior • Pubis

• Anterior joint - Articulation of pubis bone at the anterior portion of the pelvic girdle – pubis symphysis• Fibrocartilage at joint

• Posterior articulation – Ilia articulate to sacrum of vertebral column

More on the Ossa Coxae• Acetabulum

• Articulation socket of ilia & head of each femur

• All 3 bones of ossa coxae meet here

• Greater sciatic notch – • Area through which large sciatic nerve

runs & reaches lower extremities

• Ischial Tuberosity –• Projection on posterior, lateral side of

ischia• Bears all body weight when sitting

Ilium

Pubis

Ischium

• Female: • Less massive, shallower pubic arch, pelvic inlet round/oval

• Male: • Heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more vertical, pelvic inlet heart-

shaped, outlet smaller

•Femur•Fibula•Tibia

FEMURLongest & heaviest bone in body

Articulates proximally with ossa coxae at hip joint & distally with tibia at knee joint

Regions to identify:Head

Neck

Shaft

Greater (anterior) & Lesser (posterior) Trochanters

Medial & Lateral Epicondyles

Patella (Kneecap)• Triangular sesamoid bone

• Enclosed in the quadriceps tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia (lower limb)

• Guards knee joint anteriorly & improves leverage of thigh muscles acting across knee joint

Tibia & Fibula• Tibia – • Large medial bone that

articulates with the epicondyles of the femur• Helps support weight• “shinbone”

• Fibula – • Parallels the lateral border

of the tibia • Aids in moving foot & toes

• Tarsal bones: • Talus: ankle• Calcaneous bone: heel bone• Navicular bone• Cuboid• Lateral, medial & intermediate

cuneiform bones

• Metatarsals –• Long bones that articulate with distal

tarsal bones• Identified by Roman Numerals (I-V)

• Phalanges (toes, digits)• Articulate distally to metatarsal bones

• Proximal, middle, distal (14 total)• Big toe – “Great toe”

• Has 2 phalanges (proximal & distal)

V

IV

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