The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”
-
Upload
rudolph-bates -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”
![Page 1: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Americas
American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”
![Page 2: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Early Settlements
• 40,000 to 10,000 BCE• The Bering Land Bridge (Ice Age)• Diet: pumpkin, corn, grain, etc.• A diverse climate: hunting and farming, depending
on climate.• Social structures, alliances, and warfare• Population• Common characteristics: elders, shaman, priests-
warriors- alliances and inter-tribal warfare
![Page 3: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Population
• 90 million to 120 million people in Americas before the Europeans
• 30 million a piece for the Aztecs and Incas
![Page 4: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Norte Chico
• Peru, outside of Lima• 3,000 BCE• America’s first urban center• Consisted of at least 25 cities• Temple in Huaricanga (built between 3200 and
2500 BCE) around size of the 2nd Pyramid at Giza• Irrigation• Civilization may have been abandoned for areas
that were easier to farm.
![Page 5: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Norte Chico
![Page 6: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chavin
• 900 BCE to 500 BCE-Peru• Lack of written language• Artisans: ceramics and weavings• Agriculture and territorial expansion• Polytheistic: jaguar deity• Mastered cultivation of corn• Used rivers to expand up into Mountains
![Page 7: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chavin
![Page 8: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nazca
• 300BCE-600CE and Moche 0-600CE• Chile/ Bolivia/ Peru• Nazca took over from Chavin• Nazcas added more color to ceramics and textiles• Examples of brain surgery! 55-60% success rate• Put board on head of nobles to elongate their forhead• Nasca Lines: only visible from air• Probably religious w/ depiction of animals• Rudimentary hot air balloon?• Chile: Atacama Desert: mummified bodies
![Page 9: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nazca Lines
![Page 10: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nazca Brain Surgery/ Skulls
![Page 11: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Olmec
• Gulf of Mexico (1500 BCE to 200 BCE)• “Mother Culture” of Mesoamerica• Gulf coast community• Calendar system• Cities for nobles/ Priests• Writing system: hieroglyphics and stone
carving• Colossal heads
![Page 12: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Olmec Colossal Heads
![Page 13: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Teotihuacan
• 200BCE- 700 CE (contemporaneous with Roman Empire)
• Pyramid of the Sun ( 3rd largest pyramid in the world)
• Famous for monumental architecture • City of Teotihuacan= largest city in the Americas• Nuhuatl- name: true name is unknown• Terraced farming• Temples of Sun, Moon, and Quetzalcoatl
![Page 14: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Teotihuacan
![Page 15: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mayas
![Page 16: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Incas
![Page 17: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Capacocha• Beautiful beyond exaggeration," is how one Spanish chronicler
described Tanta Carhua. Carhua was a 10-year old Inca child whose father offered her to the Inca Emperor as a Capacocha sacrifice. She was taken by priests to Cuzco where she met the Inca Emperor, and on her return journey to the mountain where she would be sacrificed the procession passed through her home village. According to the legends, Tanta Carhua told the village: "You can finish with me now because I could not be more honoured than by the feasts which they celebrated for me in Cuzco."
• Tanta Carhua was then taken to a high Andean mountain, placed in a shaft-tomb and walled in alive. Chicha, a maize alcohol, was fed to her both before and after her death. And in death, this beautiful ten-year old child became a goddess, speaking to her people as an oracle from the mountain, which was reconsecrated in her name.
![Page 18: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tanta Carhua
![Page 19: The Americas American civilizations before “encounter” or “conquest”](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d9e5503460f94a88452/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aztecs