The American Colonies
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Transcript of The American Colonies
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The American Colonies
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Jamestown, VA May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers
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WHY?For what reasons did individuals come to America?
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Colonizing America•Wealth
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Colonizing America•Religious dissent
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Types of Colonies
• Royal Colonies–King–Ruled by royal governor
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Types of Colonies•Proprietary
–Individuals or groups–King gifted land
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Types of Colonies• Charter
–Established by charters–King–Colonies governed themselves
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Regional Divisions
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New England Colonies
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Massachusetts (1620)• Pilgrims (Plymouth)
– Separatists• wanted to separate from the
Anglican Church
– 1st Thanksgiving
– Mayflower Compact• 41 men drew up the
agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower
• 1620
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Massachusetts (1630)• Puritans
• Purify and reform Anglican Church• Massachusetts Bay Colony• Strict religious beliefs; radical
• John Winthrop“for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty
upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us”
City Upon A Hill, 1630
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– New Hampshire (1630)• John Mason• English and Scots-Irish settlers• Economic freedom• Settled for religious freedom• Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and
economic rules of the Puritans
• Royal Colony
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– Rhode Island (1636)• Roger Williams • Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence• Religious freedom• Trade
– Connecticut (1636)• Thomas Hooker• Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious
freedom)• Asked to leave by Mass.• Agriculture and trade
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Middle Colonies
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– New York (1626)• Peter Minuit• Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English• Trade and profits• Anglican• Proprietary to royal colony
– New Jersey (1660)• Lord Berkley• Established by Sweden became English• Agriculture, trade and profits• Proprietary to royal colony
– Delaware (1638)• Peter Minuit• Dutch, Swedish and English• Farming, trade and profits• Proprietary
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Pennsylvania (1682)– William Penn– Proprietary– Home to many European
Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German
– Farming
• Quakers– Equality and all possessed
“Inner Light”– Pennsylvania
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Southern Colonies
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Virginia (1607)• Jamestown• 1st permanent settlement mostly males
(indentured servants and treasure hunters)• 60/900 colonists survived• Ruled by John Smith• Founded by the Virginia Company
– Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors
– Becomes royal
House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony
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– Maryland (1634)• George Calvert• Religious freedom for
Catholics• Established for trade,
finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent
• Farming• Proprietary
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Maryland Act of Toleration• 1649• Granted freedom of worship for all
Catholics• Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion
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– North Carolina (1653)• Group of proprietors: business venture• Settlers from Virginia • Farming, trade and profit• Anglican
– South Carolina (1670)• Group of proprietors• Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish• Food crops• Anglican• Proprietary to royal
– Georgia (1733)• General James Oglethorpe• Spanish settlements taken by English• Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and
French invasions• Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded
furs