The Age of ImperialismThe Age of Imperialism Chapter 12Chapter 12

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Great Britain’s coloniesGreat Britain’s colonies 1850-1900, Britain believed colonies were 1850-1900, Britain believed colonies were

essential to the nation’s prosperity and prestigeessential to the nation’s prosperity and prestige British ships guarded seas so goods could be British ships guarded seas so goods could be

shipped safelyshipped safely By 1900 the United States and Germany were By 1900 the United States and Germany were

challenging Great Britain’s industrial leadershipchallenging Great Britain’s industrial leadership More nations were imposing tariffs to protect More nations were imposing tariffs to protect

own goodsown goods Great Britain had to find new nations to sell Great Britain had to find new nations to sell

goods togoods to Great Britain also needed more resources Great Britain also needed more resources

imported inimported in

European SuperiorityEuropean Superiority

Had better weapons, railroads, and telegraph Had better weapons, railroads, and telegraph cables for better communicationcables for better communication

Better technology was proof that Europeans Better technology was proof that Europeans are better (racism)are better (racism)

““I contend that we Britons are the first race in the world, and the more of the world I contend that we Britons are the first race in the world, and the more of the world that we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. I believe that it is my duty to that we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. I believe that it is my duty to God, my Queen, and my country to paint the whole map of Africa red, from the God, my Queen, and my country to paint the whole map of Africa red, from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo.”Cape of Good Hope to Cairo.”

Cecil Rhodes- became rich from diamond mines in South AfricaCecil Rhodes- became rich from diamond mines in South Africa

Europeans Explore AfricaEuropeans Explore AfricaImperialism had AppealImperialism had Appeal Little was known about the interior lands in AfricaLittle was known about the interior lands in Africa Stories of adventureStories of adventure

– Guarding the empire against fierce enemies in distant Guarding the empire against fierce enemies in distant lands lands

– Sailors roaming the open seasSailors roaming the open seas 1879 Belgium claims most of the Congo River Valley1879 Belgium claims most of the Congo River Valley This alarmed France, France claimed lands north of the This alarmed France, France claimed lands north of the

Congo RiverCongo River Soon Britain, Germany, Italy, and Spain were also Soon Britain, Germany, Italy, and Spain were also

claiming land in Africaclaiming land in Africa Fear of warsFear of wars Berlin Conference 1885Berlin Conference 1885

– European countries met in Berlin to discuss rulesEuropean countries met in Berlin to discuss rules– Any country could claim land by sending troops to Any country could claim land by sending troops to

occupy locations that assured control of areasoccupy locations that assured control of areas

Europeans controlled most of Europeans controlled most of Africa except for Liberia and Africa except for Liberia and EthiopiaEthiopia

White settlers took over large White settlers took over large plots of lands for farming plots of lands for farming

Displaced the local Displaced the local populationspopulations

European rulers wanted European rulers wanted African workers for mines and African workers for mines and plantationsplantations

At first, forced Africans to At first, forced Africans to workwork

Finally they made African Finally they made African labor pay taxes with money, labor pay taxes with money, not worknot work

Africa was a Continent of ColoniesAfrica was a Continent of Colonies

The British Dominated IndiaThe British Dominated India British East India Company British East India Company

ruled India with little ruled India with little interference from the British interference from the British or Indian governmentor Indian government

Goal is to make Goal is to make moneymoneyThe Sepoy Rebellion 1857The Sepoy Rebellion 1857 Word spread that the rifle Word spread that the rifle

cartridges were sealed with cartridges were sealed with beef and pork fatbeef and pork fat

Both Hindus and Muslims Both Hindus and Muslims were outraged by this newswere outraged by this news

Sepoys marched to Delhi to Sepoys marched to Delhi to join Indian soldiersjoin Indian soldiers

They spread from city to city They spread from city to city regaining Indian controlregaining Indian control

Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion It took the East India Company It took the East India Company

more than a year to regain more than a year to regain control with the help of British control with the help of British soldierssoldiers

The Hindus and the Muslims The Hindus and the Muslims split over who should lead Indiasplit over who should lead India

Nearly all of the Indian princes Nearly all of the Indian princes remained loyal the companyremained loyal the company

The ResultsThe Results Britain took greater control of Britain took greater control of

the Indian statesthe Indian states European educated Indians European educated Indians

started nationalist movement of started nationalist movement of Indian Independence Indian Independence (not until 1947)(not until 1947)

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China China had a farming system China had a farming system

but was not industrializedbut was not industrialized China was self-sufficient and China was self-sufficient and

had little interest in tradinghad little interest in trading China had a huge population China had a huge population

and plenty of resourcesand plenty of resources China refused to open ports China refused to open ports

to foreignersto foreigners European governments European governments

wanted a product the wanted a product the Chinese would buy Chinese would buy

Opium was smuggled in and Opium was smuggled in and the Chinese govt. couldn’t the Chinese govt. couldn’t control itcontrol it

The Chinese govt. upset The Chinese govt. upset appeal to Queen Victoriaappeal to Queen Victoria

1839 The Opium War1839 The Opium War

By 1842 British Navy By 1842 British Navy easily overwhelmed the easily overwhelmed the ChineseChinese

Treaty of NanjingTreaty of Nanjing British control Hong KongBritish control Hong Kong British won right to trade British won right to trade

at four more sea portsat four more sea ports British didn’t have to British didn’t have to

obey Chinese lawobey Chinese law Pay damages to opium Pay damages to opium

supplies destroyed supplies destroyed Opium trade continuesOpium trade continues

Chinese ResistanceChinese Resistance Disapprove of ideas of western missionariesDisapprove of ideas of western missionaries Saw western technology as dangerousSaw western technology as dangerous Contradicted Confucian waysContradicted Confucian waysBoxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion 1900 Boxers attacked all foreign influences “Drive out 1900 Boxers attacked all foreign influences “Drive out

foreign devils”foreign devils” Multi-national force quickly crushed the BoxersMulti-national force quickly crushed the Boxers ResultsResults Chinese forced to follow western ideasChinese forced to follow western ideas Chinese nationalism spreadsChinese nationalism spreads Sun Yat-sen creates reforms promoting democratic Sun Yat-sen creates reforms promoting democratic

governmentsgovernments

Japan builds a modern nationJapan builds a modern nation

Japan had no contact Japan had no contact with the outside worldwith the outside world

1853 United States 1853 United States Commodore Mathew Commodore Mathew Perry steamed into Tokyo Perry steamed into Tokyo Harbor to open Japan up Harbor to open Japan up to tradeto trade

Japanese were impressed Japanese were impressed by the modern steam by the modern steam ship, rifles and cannonship, rifles and cannon

Japanese felt they had no Japanese felt they had no other choice but to sign a other choice but to sign a trade treatytrade treaty

Industrialization Transformed JapanIndustrialization Transformed Japan Learn from western ideasLearn from western ideas Sign a constitutionSign a constitution Begin building railroadsBegin building railroads Mined more coalMined more coal Modernized army and built a Modernized army and built a

navynavy As Japan became stronger, it As Japan became stronger, it

became more imperialistic became more imperialistic Japan claimed Korea and into Japan claimed Korea and into

Manchuria (rich in iron ore Manchuria (rich in iron ore and coal)and coal)

Japan achieved great power Japan achieved great power and was the only eastern and was the only eastern country that could stand up to country that could stand up to the westthe west

Japan Establishes a govt. with a strong emperorJapan Establishes a govt. with a strong emperor Begins to expand into Korea and China like western Begins to expand into Korea and China like western

nationsnations Russo-Japanese war 1904Russo-Japanese war 1904 Over territory in Manchuria, Over territory in Manchuria, Most Europeans expect Russia to win easilyMost Europeans expect Russia to win easily Japan wins, seen as a new world powerJapan wins, seen as a new world power