The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests
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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests. Earlier Explorations. Islam & the Spice Trade Malacca A New Player Europe Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271 Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources. Better seaworthy ships. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests
Earlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations1. Islam & the Spice Trade
Malacca2. A New Player Europe
Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources.Better seaworthy ships.
3.Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”
A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration1. Crusades by-pass
intermediaries to get to Asia.2. Renaissance curiosity about
other lands and peoples.3. Reformation refugees &
missionaries.4. Monarchs seeking new sources
of revenue.5. Technological advances.6. Fame and fortune.
New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps [Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology
Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator
School for Navigation, 1419
Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigationin Lisbonin Lisbon
Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime EmpireEmpire1. Exploring the west coast
of Africa.2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.3. Vasco da Gama, 1498.
Calicut.4. Admiral Alfonso de
Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).
Zheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s Voyages
In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc
Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”
Hernan CortezHernan Cortez
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma II
vsvs..
The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa
Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR
CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs
Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping
Cough
Trinkets Liquor GUNS
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
aries
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade1. Existed in Africa before the
coming of the Europeans.2. Portuguese replaced European
slaves with Africans.Sugar cane & sugar plantations.First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.
3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
Slave ShipSlave Ship
““Middle Passage”Middle Passage”
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown Overboard
Sharks followed the slave Sharks followed the slave ships!ships!
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreoles
MestizoMestizoss
MulattMulattosos
Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves
Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the
New WorldNew World1. Encomienda
or forced labor.
2. Council of the Indies.
Viceroy.New Spain and Peru.
3. Papal agreement.
The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral
Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe
Spanish Spanish MissionMission
The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
Father Bartolome de Father Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas
New Laws New Laws 1542 1542
New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals1. Portugal lacked the
numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.
2. Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.
3. First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
Surat in NW India in 1608.
4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.
New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals
Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion1. Native populations ravaged
by disease.2. Influx of gold, and
especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”]
3. New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.
5. New Patterns of 5. New Patterns of World TradeWorld Trade
