CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL AND LEGAL

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QUESTION 2(october 2012)

a) DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION;AND

b) DISCUSS THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION

• Globalization is process of interaction integration among the people,companies and governments of different nations , a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

• Globalization describes the increased mobility of goods,services,labour,technology and capital throughout the world.

• Put in simple terms, globalization refers to processes that promote world-wide exchanges of national and cultural resources.

THE ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION TOWARDS

ECONOMY

Economic Globalization

• Economic globalization can be defined as the process by which markets and

production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and

technology. It is not a new phenomenon but the continuation of developments that have been in train for some considerable time. 

Advantages of Globalization• ECONOMIC

Promote the products to the international level. ex. Nestle, Jeruk Madu Pak Ali, Mister Potato, Jimmy Choo, Michelle Yeoh.Globalization gives you a larger market. You can sell

more goods and make more money. ex. Axiata-combination of certain communication network in Asia which Celcom is one of them.They also give scholarships to student that get great result.Create more jobs. The opening of the industry will create

more jobs to the people. ex. Tutti Frutti, McDonald, Tesco, Aeon Jusco

Less cost in hired foreign workers. ex. Import workers from Indonesia,Bangladesh and Myanmmar to work in Malaysia.

Consumers also profit from globalization. Products become cheaper and you can get new goods more quickly.

Example, you buy cheap steel from another country you don’t have to make

your own steel. Developing countries benefit a lot from globalization,

as there is a sound flow of money and thus, a decrease in the currency difference.

ex. 1USD=RM3 after globalization will affect the currency differences becomes 1USD=RM2

THE ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION TOWARDS

CULTURE

What is culture?

• What is culture in the national context? It is a way of life - an indigenous way of life - that includes religion, spirituality, language, moral and social norms, family values, eating habits, and so on

Positive effect of globalization towards culture

• Firstly ,It might raise our level of understanding of foreign culture and way of life, unifying positions, and thereby reducing conflicts that arise from cultural misunderstanding.

• Secondly, globalization will bring about a greater degree of individualism as people will be judged based on merit and achievement.

• Thirdly, globalization brings increased interaction and adaptation between cultures. As happens in interpersonal relationships, we usually learn and grow as we interact; societies and cultures also get enhanced through interaction, observation, and mutual give and take.

• Fourthly, globalization helps development of a plural society.

Advantages of Globalization

Political Globalization

Definition of politics

• According to Oxford Dictionary: “The activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power”

Political Globalization

• Political Globalisation refers to the increasing number and power of human associations which influence or govern the world as a whole

• According to Moghadam in is book “Globalizing women: Transnational feminist networks”:

“Political globalization refers to an increasing trend toward multilateralism, toward an emerging ‘transnational state apparatus,’ and toward the emergence of national and international nongovernmental organizations that act as watchdogs over governments and have increased their activities and influence”

Advantages of Political Globalization

• Free Trade :– The opportunities for new markets has increased dramatically.

Numerous companies have started investing in different countries and luring customers for their brands. These ever-expanding markets have helped countries to raise capital in terms of foreign domestic investments, thus improving the economy of the country as well as the political relationship with the country.

• Peaceful Relations :– Most of the countries have resorted to trade relations with each

other in order to boost their economy, leaving behind any bitter past experiences if any. Nations now try to raise capital and fortify their stand in international trade, rather than hosting a war. Thus, globalization has induced international peace and security in a big way.

• Unity in Diversity :– Globalization has helped in bringing about integrity and social

understanding everywhere. The dream for a global village becomes realistic after looking at the impact of globalization. It has helped in removing some barriers that had kept the world divided on various grounds. There has been propagation of democratic ideas among countries. Cross-cultural contacts grow and cultural diffusion takes place, which helps in minimizing differences, and promotes companionship.

– Equality for All :– Globalization has helped in creating international criminal courts,

and international justice movements are also launched to provide justice to people at a global level. Disputes are solved through global standards such as patents, copyright laws, and world trade agreements. Thus, it has ensured that people do not get discriminated with regard to country, caste, creed or sex.

• Increases in environmental protection in developed nations 

•In some developed countries like Japan and United States of America, they produce much of the dangerous gases like carbon dioxide which came from their factories and cars, these gases can affect the world itself as these gases reduce the level of ozone in the atmosphere. Having some organization that control the production of these gases will assure that no much environmental damages will be occur.

• The possibility of war between the developed countries decreases – The activities of the countries are being monitored and controlled to protect the

safety and peace of the people in that country as well as to settle the conflict between those countries.

–There is a propagation of democratic ideals »This will promote freedom and human right as it seem equal to all of the

people in the world as it will ensure that democracy will be practiced in many of the countries where the power of the people will be heard instead of being discriminated.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION ON ECONOMY

GLOBALIZATION IS NOT WORKING FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE WORLD.

During  the  most  recent  period  of  rapid  growth  in global trade and investment, 1960 to 1998, inequality worsened both  internationally  and within  countries. The  UN  Development  Program  reports  that  the richest 20 percent of the world's population consume 86  percent  of  the  world's  resources,  while  the poorest 80 percent consume just 14 percent.

GLOBALIZATION TRIES TO GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR COUNTRY.

~Globalization is that it has made the rich richer while making the non-rich poorer. Eg: Republic of Congo was recognized as the poorest country just because of it gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita)

GLOBALIZATION SUPPORTS HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES BUT NOT FOR 

LOWER-INCOME COUNTRIES

~Globalization gives chance for the high-income countries to steal products or nature sources from lower-income country.Eg: America tries to steal oil source from Iraq.

EXAMPLE:

• Unemployment was raised in many countries which mean that the less manpower was needed. Many workers found themselves suddenly unemployed, as could no longer compete with machine which only required relatively limited work to produce more product than a single worker.

• Business requires being in a more rigorous and challenging atmosphere to maintain continuity and development. Rising of monopole companies and trough among production costs are the main effects of this hard competition in business.

DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION ON CULTURE

LANGUAGE

• Language is a key expression of cultural diversity. Critics of globalization claim it marginalizes some languages and may even cause some languages to die out.

• Because the world´s dominant economies speak English, it is often seen as the main culprit in making other languages less important. Certainly, English is widely used as a second or third language, and this helps the globalization of business trade

• As an example, most people from different countries speak only English rather than their mother tongue

CONSUMERISM

• Large multinational companies promote their products globally, and there are few countries where the logos for Coca-Cola and Nike haven't appeared.

• The negative effect of global marketing is that local companies are edged out of the market and the multinational companies impose American or European consumer trends on other cultures.

• Only few brands like Nike will occupy the big market share means a big threat to traditional skills of local manufacturers as well.

WESTERN IDEALS

• Another criticism is that Western nations, particularly the United States, impose cultural values on others through media and popular culture. Critics of globalization call this "cultural imperialism," because the West promotes its culture as having more worth, or being more correct, than other regions' cultural values.

• The domination of news media and Internet services by Western companies, helps maintain this influence over local views, according to critics.

CULTURAL VALUE

• The negative impact is very huge on the long lasting cultural values. In one part of the world, which are highly influenced by the western civilization, they are more likely to lose their historical identity.

• For instance certain country, most of the inhabitants can be found wearing western attires gives the strong message to the international audience that, indigenous people are forgetting their cultural dresses.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION ON

POLITIC:)

GLOBALIZATION TEACHES TO DICRIMINATE THE POOR COUNTRIES

• The raising countries will be provoked to do not have any political relationship with poor country

• Ex: there is no Embassy of Malaysia in Republic of Congo.

GLOBALIZATION CAUSES THE CORRUPTION IN A COUNTRY 

People willing to involve in corrupt just to have power in a country.

The richest man will be the power man in that country

Example: Hosni Mubaraq, Former or President of Egypt.

GLOBALIZATION RECOGNIZES ILLEGAL COUNTRY

>There is country that support the illegal country.Ex: There is Embassy of Israel in Singapore..

.>Globalization  supports  ideas  and  products  from  illegal 

country.Ex: China is Israel's 3rd export destination

source:http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/