The 3D TV Technology Guide
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Transcript of The 3D TV Technology Guide
8/8/2019 The 3D TV Technology Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-3d-tv-technology-guide 1/11
Guide to Buying 3D TVs
3D Ready TV Guide
How 3D TVs work
What is 600Hz Sub Field
Drive
3D TV Optimal Size &
Viewing Distance
3D TV Viewing Angle
Guide
Plasma VS LCD 3D TV
Best 3D Glasses - Active
Shutter vs Passive
What is Side by Side 3D?
With consumer electronicspundits predicting thesuccess of 3D HDTVs in abig way, consumers ...
What is Frame Sequential
3D?
While the 3D TV market isset to take off in a big way,one ...
What is the correct
viewing angle for 3D
TVs?
With an industry wide pushtowards 3D HDTVs, thereare many questions thatconsumers have ...
10 Reasons Why 3D TVs
Will Succeed
Unified Industry WideSupport for 3D If there isone thing that was madeabundantly clear ...
How 3D TVs work
If you were just wondering – “How does a 3D TV
work?“, then this guide is perfect for you. Ever
since Hollywood began it’s recent push towards 3D
with animated movies such as Beowulf, Pixar’s
brilliant “Up” and of course, most recently with
James Cameron’s spectacular “Avatar”, many of us
have begun to fall in love with the 3D movie
experience. We perceive the world around us in 3D,
so why should our TV watching be restricted to 2D?While 3D technology in the past was quite primitive
resulting in an underwhelming, nausea inducing
experience, major consumer electronics companies
are now betting on the resurgence of 3D and have
been working at a furious pace to develop new
technologies that can deliver a comfortable and
entertaining 3D experience in the comfort of our
homes.
This 3DTechnology
guide
describes in
detail how 3D
tvs work and
covers the
pros and cons
of various
emerging 3D
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display
technologies. Of course, we must first start by
understanding why we perceive the world around us
in 3D.
The simple reason why we perceive in 3D is
because we have two forward facing eyes withwhich we observe the world around us (binocular
vision). Our eyes are separated from each other by
about 3 inches. As a result, one eye perceives a
slightly different image than the other eye. For
example, if you look at a key on your keyboard with
only your left eye open, and then your right eye,
you will see pretty much the same image, except
that each eye gives you a slightly shifted
perspective of the same object. This is referred to
as parallax and is crucial in our ability to perceive
depth. The human brain is wired such that when it
simultaneously receives images from the left and
right eye each possessing a slightly shifted
perspective, it is able to combine these images
such that we are able to perceive the depth or
distance of an object.
To take this a step further, try moving a small
object close to your face and look at it with only
one open eye at a time. You will notice that there
is a larger shift in the position of the object for
your left and right eye image when it is closer to
you. If on the other hand, you place the object a
few feet away from you and try the same
experiment, you’ll notice that there is a very tiny
shift in the position of the object in your left and
right eye image. This gives you a hint at how our
brain perceives depth from these visual cues.
Now that we understand why we perceive in 3D, it
follows that for any display technology to be able
to trick your eyes into believing that you are
viewing a 3D image, it will need to provide a
slightly different image for viewing to each eye via
some technological trickery. Read on to learn about
the different technologies being used in 3D tvs
today and in the near future.
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Side Note: If you want to have some cross-eyed
fun and view some interesting stereoscopic images,
check out the virtual gallery at studio3d.
Anaglyph
techniques
was firstdeveloped in
1853 by
Wilhelm
Rollmann, a
German, in
Leipzig. The
working is
quite simple. You wear a color filter glass with each
eye piece having a different color film
(chromatically opposite to each other). The film or
image is composed of two overlapping images in
different color tints such that each eye is able to
view only one of these two overlapping images. In
this manner a 3D effect is achieved. However, there
are a number of drawback associated with this
technique, which explains why this technology has
never been picked up for consumer home theater
systems.
Drawbacks:
Due to the color tinted glasses, the image that we see
has very poor color fidelity and has strong shades of red
and green. While this can be mitigated to a small extent
by using different color pair glasses (red-cyan) it is still a
significant drawback.
The quality of the 3D image in general is quite poor
resulting in a feeling of nausea and a forgettable viewing
experience.
Advantages:
Cheap – The glasses themselves cost less than a dollar.
In addition, any digital HDTV or LCD monitor is capable
of displaying the necessary color tinted 3D video. While
this is an advantage, on the whole the drawbacks far
outweigh this single advantage
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3d Polarized Glasses were used in
the 1952 for the screening of Bwana
Devil - Thanks to [email protected]
for the correction
Polarized
glasses are
the
technology
of choice
when itcomes to
commercial
3D
projectors
that are
used in 3D
movie
theaters
around the world. Both the IMAX 3D and RealD rely
on utilizing the unique properties of polarized lightto create a drastically improved 3D viewing
experience.
Polarization of light is defined as the plane along
which the electric field of the light oscillates. I just
threw that in in case you care enough about the
definition . While it isn’t necessary to
understand the details, polarization of light
enables the ability to selectively screen out light
based on its polarization by using unique materials
called polarizing films. As illustrated in the image
below, a projector is used to project two skewed
images on a special screen that allows the
reflecting light to retain its polarization (the
screens are usually coated with silver to achieve
this). Each image is projected with a polarization
mutually orthogonal (90 degrees) to the other
polarization. The Polarizing glasses consist of two
polarizing films that allow light of differentpolarizations through. As a result, as illustrated
below, one eyepiece allows one image through,
while the other eyepiece allows the other image
through due to the differing polarizations of the
incoming light.
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How polarized glasses work - Credit
Howstuffworks.com
The end result is that each eye perceives a
different image and as explained earlier, this
results in the 3D effect. In reality, commercial
systems like RealD actually use a special type of polarized light called circularly polarized light. The
2 images are either right-circularly polarized or left-
circularly polarized. The advantage of using
circularly polarized light is that you can tilt your
head from side to side without affecting the
contrast and brightness of the image you view.
If you’re wondering whether the polarized glasses
you brought home with you from the movie theater
will work with a new 3D tv that you plan on
purchasing, the chances are that it won’t. The
reason for that is that most consumer electronics
companies are betting on a different technology for
first generation 3d televisions (see the next
section). The good news is that LG has said that it
is currently developing a 3D ready tv based on this
polarized light technology.
Advantages:
One of the best 3D viewing experiences amongst current
technology with rich colors and great detail
Glasses are passive (not electronic) and as a result very
cheap.
Easy to switch between displaying 2D and 3D content
Drawback:
The only major drawback at the moment is that this
technology is not being widely adopted by electronics
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Panasonic's Active Shutter 3DGlasses
makers for the first generation of 3d tvs.
Active shutter display technology is the primary
technology that is being championed by a number
of big name manufacturers such as Sony, Panasonic
and Nvidia. In this method, the left and right
images are displayed alternatively in a sequentialmanner on a regular LCD TV. However, since the
effective frame rate is halved, these displays need
to have double the refresh rate of standard LCD
monitors and TVs (60 Hz). This is why you will find
that all 3D ready TVs have a minimum frame rate
of 120 Hz. Shutter glasses are used to discriminate
between the images so that each eye only sees the
corresponding image on the monitor.
Each
eyepiece of
the special
active
shutter
glass acts
as a shutter
and the left
and right
eye pieces
are
shuttered
alternatingly
in a synchronized manner so that each eye only
sees the corresponding image being displayed on
the 3D TV set. The active shutter glasses are
maintained in sync with the television set using
bluetooth, infrared or radio technology. These
special glasses usually contain liquid crystals that
can be made opaque thus acting as a shutter.Thus, using the active shutter technology, the left
eye only sees the intended left view image and the
right eye sees the intended right view image.
The first generation Active Shutter TVs and displays
are already in production and should be rolling out
any time now. Nvidia already sells active shutter
kits for 3D gaming. Newer models are also specd
with 240Hz refresh rates that should help with
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smoother 3D video and less flickering. This
improved refresh rate should have a notable effect
when it comes to fast moving scenes and sports
viewings.
Advantages:
Robust, mature technology that has already demoed at
CES 2010 with Sony and Panasonic backing it.Reduced eye fatigue
Drawbacks:
Glasses are expensive and require batteries. It would
suck to run out of batteries mid-way through a movie
watching. Expensive glasses also make it prohibitive to
have a bunch of friends over to watch the Super Bowl in
3D
The videos can be dim as the glasses reduce the
brightness of the image. In addition, 120 Hz can be toolow a refresh rate for fast moving sports and movie
scenes. This can result in choppiness and flicker. 240 Hz
displays should go a long way in fixing these issues.
Watching 3D video without the inconvenience of
feeling like dorks wearing sunglasses inside your
own house is really the holy grail when it comes to
3D technology. Fortunately there is some exciting
news on that front. This technique is called
autostereoscopy and surprisingly, it has been
around for a long time. Autostereoscopy relies on
the use of special optical elements between the
television screen and the viewer so that each eye
of the viewer receives a different image thus
producing the illusion of depth. This can typically
be achieved in flat panel displays either using
lenticular lenses or parallax barriers. The image
below is an example of a lenticular lensed flatpanel. The unique grooved shape of the surface
allows the projection of different images based on
viewing angle thus enabling stereoscopic vision.
However, eye strain
and headaches are
usual side effects
of long viewing
exposure to
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Lenticular lenses for glass
less 3D TVs
autostereoscopic
displays that use
lenticular lens or
parallax barriers.
Such displays can
have multiple
viewing zones
allowing multiple users to view the image at thesame time. LG has recently announced a 3D TV
codenamed M4200D that uses such a lenticular
lensed system. One caveat of this system however
is that there is an optimal viewing distance that is
quite rigid (approximately 13 feet). If you sit
further away or too close to the TV, the quality of
the 3D image can degrade significantly.
Similar to the lenticular lens technology, parallax
barriers, pioneered by Sharp, also enable 3D TVswithout the need for bulky glasses. This technology
relies on a parallax barrier comprising of switchable
liquid crystals that can be tuned by applying a
potential so as to control the direction in which
light is transmitted through the LCD panel. As a
result, but controlling the direction of light
transmission, the image viewed by the left and
right eye can be independently modulated so as to
generate as 3D effect. A significant advantage of
this technique is that the switchable liquid crystal
barrier can be turned off so as to enable the
display of regular 2D content.
Unfortunately the glass less 3D TVs are still in a
prototype phase and aren’t yet ready for full scale
production. However, with the current thrust in the
area of 3D TVs, and if there is wide spread
adoption of 3D TVs over the next 5 years, then
these glass less 3D TVs will definitely make the
transition from proof of concepts to robust,
commercial, mass-produced products.
Advantages:
No need to wear dorky glasses! Easy transition between
watching 2D and 3D content.
Drawbacks:
While the glass less aspect is appealing, the rigid
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requirement on optimal viewing position makes it a little
less exciting. People will need to design their living
rooms around their TVs more than ever if these TVs get
widely adopted.
As is hopefully evident from this article, there has
been a great deal of interest and innovation in therealm of 3D TV displays. Many of the big names in
consumer electronics are backing this transition to
3D and are spending a great amount of their
resources in developing and marketing the next
generation of television displays. This site aims to
follow these exciting times, keeping abreast with
the latest news and reviews in the world of 3D TVs
as well as scouting for the best deals on the latest
3D enabled televisions. So stick around, subscribe
to the RSS feed and Twitter and ride out the new
3D wave
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