The 13 English Colonies – Textbook Chs 2 and 3

The 13 English Colonies – Textbook Chs 2 and 3

Colony Society (Social) Government (Political) Economy

Jamestown -1607

Founded for economic reasons

VA CompanyLeaders: Capt. John Smith

John Rolfe

Females were in short supply but big demand

First Africans brought by Dutch 1619

Indentured servant pool dried up in 1680 as conditions in England improved

Turned to importing African slaves

Governor and House of Burgesses – bicameral representation

Headright System

Charter revoked in 1624 – became a royal colony but was allowed to keep House of Burgesses

Tobacco

The 13 English Colonies


Plymouth – 1620

Founded for religious freedom by Extremists called Separatists (Pilgrims)

Headed for VA – blown off course

William Bradford early leader

Organized around religion

Women cannot inherit property and have no civil rights

Wampanoag Indians – Squanto assist settlers

Organized around religion

Mayflower Compact signed – bound by will of majority – pure democracy

Develop town meetings so all can vote on issues

Shipbuilding, lumber, fishing, rum



New Hampshire (1623)

Leader: John Wheelwright

Separated from Mass. Bay in 1679 by King Chas II

Royal Colony

Puritans helped settle the colony

Governor and Representative Assembly

Shipmasts, lumber, fishing



MassachusettsBay Colony – 1630

Boston – A City Upon a HillModel Society

Puritans

Leader: John Winthrop

Strict moral codesWomen and children silentIdleness not toleratedYankee IngenuityProtestant Work EthicHad to be a member of Puritan church and a landowner to vote and hold office

Great Migration between 1630-40 – 20,000 Puritans come to Massachusetts

Theocracy – no separation of church and state

Governor and representative assembly

Halfway Covenant (1660s)

King Philip’s (Metacom’s) War – Wamponoags defeated

Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat products



Maryland – 1632

Founded as a haven for Catholics and for economic reasons to make money

Leader: Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)

Most original settlers were men

Women came later

Governor and Representative Assembly (2-house)

Maryland Act of Toleration (1649)

Protestant Revolt late 1600s – Catholics lose out and Act of Toleration repealed

Tobacco



Connecticut – 1636(all settlements in area incorporated by 1665)

Leader: Thomas Hooker

Group of Boston Puritans settle the area – CT River Valley

Puritans in control

Governor and unicameral legislature

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1st written constitution

Pequot War (1637)Pequots vs. Narragansetts and English Colonists – Mystic River – Pequots shot after running for their lies from a burning fort

Shipping, livestock, foodstuff



Rhode Island – 1636

Providence - Founded by Minister Roger Williams – a Puritan dissenter

Complete religious tolerance

Praceful relations with native americans

Religious refuge for diverse ideas

Founded one of the first Baptist churches

Anne Hutchinson, banished from Mass. Bay, helped found Portsmouth

Governor and General Assembly, with power to enact all laws necessary for the government of the colony - democracy

Rum, iron, shipbuilding, snuff, livestock



Delaware – 1638

Settled by the Swedes and Finns

Leader: Peter Minuit

Penn later granted three lower PA counties their own assembly in 1702 -

Had a distinct Dutch and Swedish flair in society

Taken over by the English in 1655

Governor and representative body

Still had same governor as PA until American Revolution

Trade, Food stuffs

The 13 English ColoniesColony Society (Social) Government (Political) Economy

The Carolinas (1663)

Charles Town first settlement

King gave charter to 8 proprietors for economic reasons

1712 – North Carolina officially separate from SC

The colony was known for having religious freedom.

In 1704 an act that would have required members of the colonial assembly to adhere to the rites of the Church of England was defeated. The church was, however, made official in 1706 and remained so until 1778.

Fundamental Constitution of Carolina favored large land ownership eventually leading to the plantation system.

Representative Government

Rice, indigo, silk

By mid 1700s, economy like West Indies with African slaves



New York (1664)

Duke of Yorktakes colony (New Amsterdam) from the Dutch in a bloodless takeover

New Netherland renamed New York City

Very diverse population

Representative government formed in 1683 after complaints about King James II’s decisions

Furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, rum, beer, snuff

Becomes the financial center of America



New Jersey -1664

Land given by King James II to his 2 friends

Religious freedom

Made generous land offers to settlers

Representative assembly

1702 – becomes royal colony

Trade, foodstuffs, copper

The 13 English ColoniesColony Society (Social) Government (Political) Economy

Pennsylvania – 1681

William Penn

Haven for Quakers

Organized around Penn’s Holy Experiment

Philadelphia – city of brotherly love

No landholding aristocracy

All males received 50 acres of land

Peaceful relations with Natives

Pacifists and against slavery

Charter of Liberties that allowed unrestricted immigration and a constitution guaranteeing complete religious freedom

Flour, foodstuffs, paper, iron, wheat, flax, shipbuilding



Georgia – 1733

Founded by James Oglethorpe and 21 other trustees

Wanted a haven for debtorsNo indication any ever made the tripNo lawyers, slaves, or alcoholBegan with 120 colonistsNo social classes and colonists would succeed by their own efforts and hard work.

Nearly twenty years later—and only one year away from turning the colony back to the king—the Trustees permitted Georgia colonists to experience representative government for the first time. Sixteen elected delegates met inSavannah in 1751 to discuss and relay their concerns about the colony to the Trustees.

Rice, indigo, silk, lumber, naval stores (tar, turpentine and pitch)

Colonial Original Source Documents

Read the following documents and Answer the Questions The Laws of Virginia (1611-12) Mayflower Compact (1620) – Plymouth Colony John Winthrop’s General Observations and Model of

Christian Charity (1629-30) The Laws of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1634-51) The Massachusetts Bay Colony Case against Anne Hutchinson

(1637) The Maryland Toleration Act (1649) The Connecticut’s “Blue Laws” (1672)


Review by reading textbook pages 53-56 about the New England Confederation (1643) – first attempt at colonial unity

and The Dominion of New England (1688) – possibly the first American revolution

Make a few notes about each event.

The 13 English Colonies – Textbook Chs 2 and 3

Documents

Transcript of The 13 English Colonies – Textbook Chs 2 and 3