THE 13 COLONIESPlaces and People

PEOPLE TO KNOW John Locke

English Philosopher Beliefs

Personal liberty could coexist with political order

Consent is the basis for government and fixes its limits;

Government is a social contract with limited powers

Government can be modified by the governed

Introduced unalienable rights which included life, liberty and protection of property

Introduced legislative and executive branches of a government

PEOPLE TO KNOW Charles de

Montesquieu French philosopher Beliefs

Added the Judiciary to the Branches of Government

Introduced separation of powers;

believed that in a republic, education is an absolute necessity

PEOPLE TO KNOW William Blackstone

English judge, jurist and professor

wrote the book on common law called Commentaries on the Laws of England

wrote about “natural rights” which included life and liberty

Beliefs Religious tolerance The idea of self-defense

(later became the 2nd Amendment)

SOUTHERN COLONIES Physical Characteristics

Appalachian Mountains navigable rivers, richer

soil, warm climate, raw materials,

Human Characteristics Economic: plantations, Political: more slaves,

more class-based society, Social: small coastal

towns Religious: Church of

England, Catholics

IMPORTANT DETAILS

Jamestown, Virginia (1st Colony) founded in 1607 Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)

1st representative assembly in the colonies. Enacted laws and to protect individual rights.

Maryland established for religious freedom for Catholics

Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina established for economic freedom

Georgia established for refuge for English debtors (poor) and as a buffer zone against Spanish Florida

NEW ENGLAND Physical Characteristics

Atlantic Ocean, subsistence farming, poor soil, cold climate, forest

Human Characteristics Economic: raw materials,

logging, fishing, shipbuilding

Political: town meetings, representative government

Social factors: small coastal towns

Religious factors: Puritans

IMPORTANT DETAILS Plymouth, Massachusetts 2nd colony founded in 1620

Maine is part of Massachusetts Mayflower Compact (1620)

Established the idea of self-government and majority rule Provided a model for later development of representative government. A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules.

Thomas Hooker Puritan Leader that migrated to Connecticut; influenced the writing of the

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1638)

1st written constitution in the colonies. This document stated that people had the right to elect governors, judges,

and a legislature. All colonies founded for religious freedom for Puritans Boston, Massachusetts largest city in region

MIDDLE COLONIES Physical Characteristics

Rich soil; broad, deep rivers; more natural ports; river valleys, mild winters, raw materials,

Atlantic Ocean

Human Characteristics Economic: large farms, logging, fishing,

shipbuilding Political: more tolerance Social: small coastal towns Religious: Quakers

IMPORTANT DETAILS William Penn

Founds Pennsylvania Religious and political freedom for Quakers

New Amsterdam Renamed New York after England defeats

Denmark in war The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and

Delaware founded for economic freedom The two largest cities of the colony are New

York, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

13 COLONIES MAP

New England ColoniesNeverMakeCynthiaRun

Middle ColoniesNewPenniesNewDimes

Southern ColoniesMyVehicleNeedsSomeGas  

Southern ColoniesMy MarylandVehicle VirginiaNeeds North CarolinaSome South CarolinaGasGeorgia

New England ColoniesNever New HampshireMakeMassachusettsCynthia ConnecticutRunRhode Island

Middle ColoniesNew New YorkPenniesPennsylvaniaNew New JerseyDimes Delaware