Thayer Nationalism and the Asia Pacific
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Transcript of Thayer Nationalism and the Asia Pacific
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a ona sm
an
e
AsiaPacific
ProfessorCarlThayer
Presentationto
entreo
e ence an
trateg c
tu es
March10,2010
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Learning
ObjectivesNationalism:Political,Social
andEconomic
factors
Fromanti
colonialism
to
Nationalismandregionalidentit toda
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1. Definingthe
nation
and
nationalism
2. Emer enceofnationsasterritorialunits
3. Developmentofnationalism
.
Europeanhistoricaldevelopmentsthat
constructed?
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feelingstowards
territory,
historical
ties,
,
Nation
extends
beyond
tribal
and
clan
Imaginedcommunity acommunitythatis
soc a yconstructe
y
tsmem ers
w o
imaginethemselvesaspartofalargergroup
w omt ey avenot nteracte w t ormet
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Nation political
authority
embodies
popular
Europeannationalism
product
of
Enlightenment
American&FrenchRevolutions
IndustrialRevolution printinginlocal
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colonialism
movements
in
Asia
during
the
late
19
th
and
Ideologytounitethepeopleinacolonyto
see
n epen ence
rom
ore gn
om nat on
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Indian IndependenceMovement
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BritishEast
India
Company
r s conques o su con nen
Punjab,
Peshawar,
Pathan
tribes
in
northwest 185758IndianMutiny
1858BritishruleundertheCrown
Political,economic
and
social
change
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1906All
India
Muslim
League
Satyagra a Bi ar,Gurajat 1918
1919Rowlatt
Act
protests
AmritsarMassacre(April13) massoutrage
19201922noncoo erationmovement
SimonCommission(1927)
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Nehrudrafts
constitution
calling
for
Dominion
Independencedeclared26January1930
GovernmentofIndiaAct1935
1942Quit
In ia
Movement
Immediateindependence,notroopsforwar
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,
subcontinental
Satyagraha non
revolution/non
violence
Democracyandbasicrights
E ualit forallreli ionsandcastes
DominionofIndiatoRepublic(194750)
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authority S readofCatholicism
andpowerofclergy
Largelanded
estates
led
toalienationoffarmer
1863freecompulsory
educationin
Spanish
Mixedsocialstrata
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Europeaneducated
elite
SomewereFreemasons
Filipina
Promotedlocal riestsover
Friars
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the
Nation)
secret
society
Ledanticolonialrevolt
bytenants
of
Church
ownedland
Twelveprovinces
Republicof
Philippines
proclaimed(June1889)
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Nationalism
in China
ng ynasty,
1644-1912
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ForeignWars
Britain,Japan,
Britain
France,
Russia,
Japan
Concessionsand
treaty
ports
UnequalTreaties
lossofterritory(HongKong)andtributarystates
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Manchusas
barbarians
1911
Revolution RepublicofChina1912
NonHanpeoplespartofnationZhonghuaMinzu Chinese
Nationalist
Party
KuoMinTang(KMT)/Guomindang(GMD)
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1. Nationalismor
freedom
fromim erialist
domination
2. Democracy
governmentbythe
people
3. PeoplesWelfare
or
Livelihood
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VersaillesPeace
Conference
1919
ofterritorytoJapan
Japaneseoccupation(1930s45)
PeoplesRepublic
of
China
1949
Multiethnicstate
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Monarch abolished
Localchieftans
removed
Westernandvernaculareducationintroduced
RoleofBuddhistmonks
Internalmigration
Landalienation
Agriculturecommercialized
Indianmigration
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Protestsresulted
in
Burma
(a
province),
1917
18
oung en s u s ssoc a on
transformed
into
a
political
movement 1920studentsstrikeagainsteducational
reforms
192341
self
government
introduced
LowerHousefullyelected
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Strikes,Saya
San
rebellion
y
BurmanintellectualsatRangoonUniversity
Burmansupremacy
Nationalist,proindependence
Assimilateethnic
minorities
Thakins(Master)astitle,formofaddress
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,Shandirectly
Karenreserved
seatsinlegislature
recruitedinto
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ThirtyComradesandtheBurmese
IndependenceArmy
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Immediateelections,
constitutional
convention
GeneralstrikeleadstoBritishAFPFLdiscussions
,
becomesindependent
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beforethe
18
th
Century?
TwoTrungSisters
Independencefrom
China(939CE)
ResistancetoMongols
Resistanceto
Ming
Dynasty
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1900Indochinapacified
MatNuoclossofcountry
Coalmines
in
the
north
Plantationsinthecentre
Largericeandrubber
estatesin
south
Oppressivetaxandcorvesystem
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Society EasternStud
Movement(DongDu)
EasternCapital
Free
School(vernacular)
1908taxrevolt
1912Vietnam
RestorationSociety
PhanBoi
Chau
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(Romanizedscript)
Massivepublicprotests
PhanBoiChaumademajorimpacton
nationalistmovement(d.1940)
1927Vietnam
Nationalist
Party
(Vietnam
QuocDanDang)
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Red Soviets 1930-31
g e- n o- e
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Japanoccupies
FrenchIndochina
194045
Independenceof
Minh)
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Nationalism
n n ones a
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1908:Budi
Utomo
(Glorious
Endeavour)
Youth
1911SarekatIslam(IslamicUnion)
:
eague
o
uma ran
ou
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1912:National
Indies
Party
1921:PartaiKomunisIndonesia(PKI)
: n ono neseo n ones a
1929:PartaiNasionalIndonesia(PNI)
YouthOath
1928
Onenation,onehomeland,onelanguage(BahasaIndonesia)
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,
NetherlandsIndies
renamed
by
locals
who
GraduatesofDutchlanguageschoolstrainedin
,
1928:CongressofIndonesianWomen
politicalgroups
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Euro eanruleoverthrown
Indonesiansrecruited
into
government,
Soughtsupportfromnationalistsand
Establishedmassorganisations
CreatedMasyumi
1943createdauxiliaryforces PETA
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Independence
August17,1945
PancaSila(Five
Principles) In epen enceoDutchterritories
1945 Constitution
JakartaCharter
dropped
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FivePrinciples
of
Peaceful
Co
existence
onuseo orce,terr tor a ntegr ty,nat onasovereignty,mutualrespect,mutualbenefit
egacyo nona gnmen an wes ern sm
TheASEANWaynormsofstatebehaviour
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SecularIndia
v Muslim
Pakistan
1965War1965(Kashmirdispute)
ar r o ang a es
NonalignedbuttilttowardsSovietUnion(1971)
out
s an
ssoc at on
or
eg ona
Cooperation(SAARC)
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Prolongeddecolonisation,
1946
57
, ,
SouthEastAsiaTreatyOrganization(1954)
1967AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations
Cambodianconflict(197991)
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DividedChina
(1949)
LegaciesofWorldWarII(Japan)
a ances
apan,
ou
orea
Territorialdisputes(Japan/China/Korea/Russia)
o
reg ona
assoc at onSixPartyTalks(2003)
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Emergenceof
East
Asian
economics
, , ,
1989:AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)
1997:ASEANPlusThree
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a ona sman e
AsiaPacific
ProfessorCarlThayer
Presentationto
entre
o
e ence an
trateg c
tu es
March10,2010