ThanWinHlaing Martyrs Day 2012

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    Martyrs Day: An Unforgetable

    Day in Burmese HistoryThan Win Hlaing

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    AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenfrsm; ywfcwfcJhaomaoewfrsm;

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    *VKefOD;apm? 1900-1948

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    ajymif;um AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ kH;cef;rSmyif usif;ycJhMuavonf/jrefrmhordkif; aoG;pGef;aom rSwfwrf;wifusef&pfrnfh 0efBuD;tpnf;ta0;udk pifppftm;jzifh 1947 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 16 &uf Ak'[l;aeYeHeuf 10 em&DwGif usif;y&rnfjzpfonf/ xdktwdkif;usif;y&efpDpOfxm;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf xdkaeYwGif vTwfawmfaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;ESifh &ufcsif;?tcsdefcsif; wkdufqdkifaeav&m 0efBuD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;udk Zlvkdifv 19&uf paeaeYeHeuf 10em&DodkYa&TUajymif;ay;vkdufjcif; jzpfavonf/

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    vSefa&;wavQmuf ppf0wfpHkwpfxnfESpfxnfESifhaecJhaomAdkvfcsKyf/ zqyv

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    (*i,f) yHkpHcif;usif;xm;aom tpnf;ta0;pm;yGJBuD;rsm;\ xdyfpm;yGJtv,f AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;xdkif AdkvfcsKyf\pm;yGJ vuf0Jbuf0efBuD;rsm;tzGJUtwGif;0ef OD;a&Tabmfxdkifonf/ xdkYaemuf (*i,f) yHkpHvuf0Jbufpm;yGJ&SnfBuD; 0efBuD;tzGJU0ifrsm; jzpfMuaom OD;b*srf; (yk*H)?OD;atmifZHa0? aysmfbG,fOD;jr? rdkif;yGefapmfbGm;BuD;p0fpHxGef;wdkYtpnftwdkif;xdkifMuonf/ vuf,mbuf pm;yGJ&SnfBuD;wGif 0efBuD;ocifjr? OD;&mZwf?'D;'kwfOD;bcsdK? OD;b0if;ESifh ref;bcdkifwdkY tpOftwkdif; xkdifcJhMuonf/AdkvfcsKyftygt0if tm;vHk; 0efBuD; 10 OD;jzpf\/ o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifhvrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfNidrf;rSm jynfyodkYc&D;xGufae vnf;

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    ta0;cef;rxJrS xGufoGm;Muonf/ eHeuf 10 em&D 10 rdepfcefYwGif 0efBuD;

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    tpnf;ta0; pwifcJhavonf/

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    ADAD,ef;u OD;apm\aetdrf odkYac:aqmifoGm;yHk/ rouFmp&mrsm;rygbJOD;apmESifh tvmyovmypum;ajymqdkMuyHk? tjcm;taMumif; ajymcJhaomtaMumif;tcsufrsm;udk rrSwfrdawmhyHkrsm;udk ajymjycJhonf[kqdkonf/ bif*avu OD;apm\ ay;pmESifhywfouf 4if;pmudk naeydkif;wGif zwfMunfhrdcJh onf/ t*Fvdyfpmta&;tom;nHhzsif;vSojzifh ouFmruif;jzpfumpmudk qGJqkwfypfcJhonf[kvnf;qdkonf/ ppfaq;ar;jref;NyD;aom tcgbif*avudk vef'efodkYjyefcGifhjyK&ef OD;ausmfNidrf;tm; bk&ifcHu ajymcJhonf/

    OD;ausmfNidrf;onf bif*avudk jyefrvTwfvdkaomfvnf; aemufqHk; zqyv

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    acgif;aqmifrsm;onf &efrD;qufrarT;vdkawmhjcif;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;udk

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    txl;cHkkH;udk vHkNcHKa&;twGuf tif;pdeftusOf;axmiftwGif;yifzGifhvSpfppfaq;cJhonf/ txl;cHkkH;onf 1947 ckESpf pufwifbmv 24&ufaeYwGif pwifkH;xdkifppfaq;cJhonf/ trItwGuf w&m;vdkjyoufao71 a,mufESifh w&m;cHjyoufao 30 wdkYudk ppfaq;cJhonf/ cHkkH;w&m;olBuD; OD;ausmfjrifh? OD;atmifomausmfESifh OD;pDbl;wdkYonf aeY&ufrjywf&ufysufr&Sd 37 BudrfrQ kH;xdkkifppfaq;cJhMuonf/ w&m;vdktpdk;&a&SUaetjzpfa&SUaecsKyf OD;xGef;jzL? tpdk;&a&SUaeBuD; rpwmcGefazmif? txl;0w&m;ESifhulnDol 0wfvHkOD;jrodef; wdkYonfvnf; &ufysufr&Sd kH;wufcJhMuonf/

    cHkkH;wGif w&m;cHrsm;tm; (3) veD;yg; ppfaq; a&SUaecsKyf OD;xGef;jzLu 1947 ckESpf 'DZifbmv 23 &ufaeYwGif tNyD;owf avQmufvJcJhonf/

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    avmufatmif rsufESmromr,mjzpfaeaomfvnf; rMumcPyif olonf

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    txl;cHkkH;u jypf'Pfrsm;pD&ifcsufcsrSwfNyD;aemuf jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&if

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    twGif; t,lcH0ifEkdifaMumif; trdefYxkwfjyefcJhonf/

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    awmfodkYwifydkYvkdufonf/ vTwfawmfwGif EdkifiHawmfvkyfBuHrIBuD;ESifh ywfouf ao'PftrdefYcsrSwfjcif;cH&aom OD;apmESifh taygif;ygw&m;cH 8 OD;wdkY\t,lcHvTmtoD;oD;wifoGif;a&muf&SdNyD;jzpf 4if;wdkYt,lcHvTmudk vTwfawmfw&m;0efBuD;tzGJUu vufcHMum;em qHk;jzwf&efom &Sdawmhojzifh OD;apm?armifpdk;? oufESif;? &efBuD;atmifESifh rIefBuD;wdkYudk tif;pdefaxmif BudK;wkduftwGif; xm;&SdNyD; cifarmif&if? okc? armifeDESifh armifpdef ac: pdefBuD;wdkYudk&efukefA[dkaxmif (,ckolemjyKwuodkvf) BudK;wdkuftwGif; wpfa,mufpDoD;jcm;xm;cJhonf/

    tif;pdefaxmifBudK;wkduftwGif;odkYa&muf&Sdaeaom yxrw&m;cHOD;apmu Zefe0g&Dv 9 &uf aomMumaeYpGJjzifh jrefrmjynf tpdk;&qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;rSwqifh bdvyf&Sd 4if;\ nDawmfol OD;armifarmifBuD;xHodkYaMu;eef;pm wpfapmifydkYvkdufonf/ aMu;eef;pmwGif EdkifiHawmfvkyfBuHrIESifhywfouf 4if;rSm qdkif&mtmPmydkif cHkw&m;olBuD;\ ao'PftrdefYcsrSwfxm;jcif;udkcH&NyD;jzpf xdktrdefYESifh pyfvsOf; rdrdpdwfwGif aemufxyfrnfodkYrQ qufvufBudK;yrf;tm;xkwf&ef rvdkawmh[k ,wdjywfqHk;jzwf

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    ,if;aemuf vkyfBuHrI w&m;cH OD;apmESifh taygif;ygwdkY\ t,lcHvTm

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    57 rsufESm&Sdaom pD&ifcsufjzifh t,lcHrsm; y,fcsvkdufavonf/

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    xkdYaemuf 1948 ckESpf {NyDv 27 &ufaeYwGif w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfuOD;apmwdkY\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk y,fcJhavonf/ tjcm;w&m;cHrsm; w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfodkYavQmufxm;jcif; rjyKawmhbJ EkdifiHawmforwxH toem;cHMuonf/

    orwwGif jypf'PfavQmhayghEdkifonfh tmPm? vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;Edkifonfh tmPm&Sdavonf/ ao'Pfudk w&m;kH;u owfrSwf aemufqHk; t,lcHkH;rsm;u twnfjyKNyD;vQif trIrsm;udk orwxH toem;cHwifjy trdefYcH,laom vkyfxHk;&Sdonf/ xdkvkyfxHk;t& OD;apmESifh 4 OD;wdkY\trIrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? toem;cHpmwifMuaom w&m;cHrsm;\ trIrsm;udkvnf;aumif; w&m;a&;Xmeu pDppf orxHwifjycJhavonf/

    odkYjzifh arv 5 &ufaeYpGJyg w&m;a&;XmetwGif;0ef OD;pHGefYucifarmif&iftay: csrSwfxm;aom ao'Pfudk woufwuRef; odkYorwBuD;u avQmhayghay;aomtrdefYwpf&yfudk xkwfjyefvdkufonf/ arv 6&ufaeYwGifvnf; okcESifh armifeDwdkYonfvnf; ao'PfrS vGwf wpfoufwpfuRef;'Pfudkom uscHap&rnf[k orwu qHk;jzwfvkdufavonf/

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    OD;apmESifh taygif;ygwdkY\ aemufqHk;aeY1948 ckESpf {NyDv 28 &ufaeYrGef;vGJydkif;wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmif

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    OD;apm 4if;\a&SYae OD;odef;ausmfESifh wD;wdk;wdkifyifaepOf? 23-10-1947

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    OD;apmtm; ao'Pfay;

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    raumif;ojzifh wyfrSEIwfxGufvkduf&onf/BudK;ray;rD tcsdefwGif pdefBuD;ac: armifpdefu rdrdESifh taygif;ygwdkYOD;apm\pum;udk em;axmifrd vkyfBuHrdMuaMumif;? 4if;taeESifh b0qufwkdif; OD;apmvdkvlrsdK;ESifh rawGUqHk&ygapESifh[k wkdifwnfoGm;NyD; ==vkyf&J&ifcHcJh&rnf++ rdrdwdkYAdkvfcsKyfwdkYtm; owfonfrSmrSefaMumif;ESifh xdkodkYowf&jcif;rSm OD;apmapcdkif;csuft& owf&aMumif;++ udk oufqdkif&m yk*dKvfrsm;udkajymjyNyD;aemuf ==toufa& igajymxm;wJhtwkdif; vkyfxm;a[h? igvmcJhNyD++[k atmf[pfoGm;avonf/

    pdefBuD;ac: armifpdef\ vkyfBuHrItaMumif;ajymoGm;onfhudpudk vlwkdif;em;vnfEkdifMuaomfvnf; ==toufa& igajymxm;wJhtwkdif; vkyf

    xm;a[h? igvmcJhNyD++ [laompum;\ t"dyg,fwdkYudk vltrsm; em;vnfcsifem;vnfayvdrfhrnf/ vdyfywfvnfatmif&Sif;jy&tHk;rnf/ odkYrS

    om Zmwf&nfvnfayvdrfhrnf/

    armifpdefac: pdefBuD;ac: vSatmif\zcifrSm yJcl;wkdif; BudKUyifaumufNrdKUwGif vlodxif&Sm;aom OD;armifBuD;\

    pdefBuD;ac: armifpdef

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    wpfOD;wnf;aomom;jzpfonf/ OD;armifBuD;ESifhOD;apmonf tvGef&if;ESD;

    onfh rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfMuonf/ OD;armifBuD; towfcH&NyD;aemuf rdcifjzpfola':ESif;onf om;jzpfolpdefBuD;udk wcsdefuaus;Zl;&SdcJhzl;aomaMumifh om;jzpfoltm; tppt&m&m vdrma&;jcm;&Sdap&efESifh vdktyfovkd cdkif;ap&efOD;apmxHtyfESHcJhonf/ OD;apmtdrfodkYa&mufvQifa&mufcsif; OD;apmu pdefBuD;tm; opma&aomufcdkif;onf/ odkYjzifh pdefBuD;onf OD;apmapcdkif;csuft&vkyfBuHrIwGifyg0ifvmjcif;jzpfonf/

    vli,fb0 pdefBuD;rSm rdrdZmwdBudKUyifaumufNrdKU i,f&nf;pm;&Sdonf/

    pdefBuD;onf t,lcHy,fcscH&NyD;aemuf BudK;ay;&ef&ufeD;vmcgeD; oufqdkif&m tusOf;OD;pD;0efxrf;rsm;udk 4if;\ i,f&nf;pm;ESifh awGUvdkaMumif; tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkcJhonf/ xdktcg oufqdkif&mu txuftmPmydkifrsm;xHcGifhyef 4if;&nf;pm;udk &efukefaxmiftwGif;odkYac:,lum axmifydkifBuD;ESifh tusOf;0efxrf;rsm; a&SUwGif 4if;wdkYESpfOD;tm; arv 7 &uf aomMumaeYwGif awGUqHkcGifhay;cJhonf/ xdkpOfu axmifydkifBuD;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm; a&SUwGifpdefBuD;u 4if;\ i,f&nf;pm;tm; vifa,mufsm;r&SdvQif vlapmfum;cH&vdrfhrnf/ 4if;BudK;ay;cH&NyD;aemuf oifhawmfonfh a,mufsm;wpfa,mufudktjrefqHk; vufxyf,l&efajym&m 4if;&nf;pm;u 4if;\wpfoufwmwGifa,mufsm;r,lvdkawmhaMumif; pdefBuD;uvnf; 4if;\ pum;udk em;axmif&efwGifwGifrSmMum;aeavonf/

    xdkYaemuf pdefBuD;u rdrd&nf;pm;udk orD;&nf;pm;jzpfcJhcsdefrS ,aeYwdkifwpfcgrQrerf;zl;aMumif;ESifh ao&cgeD; wpfBudrfwpfcg yg;udk erf;oGm;vdkaMumif;ajym&m oufqkdif&myk*dKvfwdkYu rdef;uav;u cGifhjyKvQif erf;EdkifaMumif; ajymjyonf/ cGifhjyKvQif pdefBuD;u yg;ESpfzufpvHk;udk rerf;bJ opm

    &SdpGm 1500 arwmjzifh wzufomerf;NyD; usefyg;wpfzufudk 4if;udk,lrnfhcifyGef;avmif;twGuf oefYoefY&Sif;&Sif;xm;cJhaMumif; tm;vHk;a&SUwGifoufaoxloGm;cJhavonf/ 4if;aemuf BudK;pifwufonfhaeY BudK;ay;onfhtcsdefavmufwGif 4if;\&nf;pm;jzpfolonf tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;&Sd 0efxrf;tdrfwpfae&m t&ufwpfcGufESifh rD;ndNyD;aom pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudkpdefBuD;rSmxm;onfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfxm;&m BudK;pifay: a'gufrjzKwfciftwGif;rSmyif pdefBuD;u -

    ==toufa& igajymxm;wJhtwkdif; vkyfxm;a[h? igvmcJhNyD++ [laom

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    atmf[pfoHESifhtwl 5 em&DwdwdwGif toufaysmufoGm;csdefyif pdefBuD;

    twGuf iSJUxm;aomt&ufcGufxJrS t&ufrsm; vIdif;xouJhodkU ododomomvIyfvmNyD; pD;u&ufrSmvnf; vlwpfa,muf aomufaeonfhtvm; rD;cdk;rsm; waxmif;axmif;xaeonfudk awGU&onf/ pdefBuD;udk,fwkdif t&ufESifhpD;u&ufudk aomufaeouJhodkYxl;qef;pGm jrifawGU&avonf/

    pdefBuD;ac: armifpdefonf t&ufudkvnf;BudKuf? pD;u&ufudkvufxJurcs wvdyfNyD;wvdyf rD;cdk;rjywfatmif aomufwwfaom ChainSmoker wpfOD;jzpfavonf/ pdefBuD;\ tqdkyg i,f&nf;pm;qdkolrSm

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    1947 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 29 &ufaeY aeYvnf 1 em&D 25

    rdepfwGif txl;cHkkH; &efBuD;atmifu atmufygtwdkif; ajzmifhcsufay;cJhonf-

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    Zlvdkif 19 &uf eHeufapmapm OD;apmu uRefawmfhudk vmEId;NyD; ppf0wfppfpm;ay;ygonf/ udkpdk;u uRefawmf\tusykcHk;rSm jcaoFh wHqdyfwyfay;ygonf/ udkpdk;? udkoufESif;? udkrIef? udkokcwkdYvnf; ppf0wfppfpm;eJYawGU&ygonf/ udkpdk;? udkoufESif;? udkrIefwdkYrSm awmfrD*ef;wpfvufpDeJYawGUygonf/ uRefawmfhudkac: igypfckdif;&if ypf&rnf[kajymNyD; *spfum;ESifh Zlvkdifv 19 &uf eHeuf 10 em&DwGif OD;apm\tdrfrS xGufvmcJhygonf/OD;apmu t*Fvdyf Good LuckvdkYajymygonf/ twGif;0efkH;a&mufawmhAdkvfcsKyftcef;twGif;odkYudkpdk;ESifh udkpdefwdkYu t&if0ifNyD; 0efBuD;rsm;udk'l;axmufNyD; ypfygonf/ tcef;xJrS xGufvmaomtcg avSum;BuD;em;wGifajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh vlwpfa,mufudkawGU aoewfwpfcsufqGJvkduf&m 2csuf 3 csuf xGufoGm;ygonf/ xdrSefrrSef *krxm;awmhbJ qif;vmMuNyD;

    *spfum;ESifh tdrfodkY jyefygonf/ vrf;rSm tusrsm;cRwfMuygonf/ tdrfa&mufawmh OD;apmu ae&mus&JUvm;[k ar;? udkpdk;u tm;vHk;tdkau[kjyefajymygonf++

    odkYaomf &efBuD;atmifrSm vkyfBuHrIBuD;ESifh ywfouf yxrwGif txufygtwkdif; [kwfwdkif;rSef&mrsm;udk ajzmifhcsufay;NyD;rS aemufydkif; bl;uG,fypfcJhavonf/

    4if;wdkYBudK;ray;rD &efukefaxmifBuD; BudK;wkduf armifpdef (c) pdefBuD;

    ESifhtwl tcef;csif;uyf xm;cJhonf/ pdefBuD;rSm BudK;ay;rcHrD r*Zif;

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    pmtkyfrsm;awmif;? pD;u&ufrsm;awmif;? aemufqHk; 4if;&nf;pm;a[mif;ESifh

    awGUoGm;vkdaMumif; tcGifhta&;rsdK;pHk awmif;qdkoGm;aomfvnf; &efBuD;atmifrSm bmrQrawmif;onfhtjyif at;aq;pGm bk&m;tmkHjyKum ykwD;pdyfbm0emyGm;rsm;aecJhonf/ aemufqHk; BudK;ay;rnfh eHeufa0vDa0vif; 5em&Dtcsdefyif 4if;tdyfaom oHukwifxdyfabmifay:wGif bk&m;qDrD;rsm;ylaZmfxGef;nd BuHKUBuHKUuav; bk&m;0wfjyKaeonfudk 0efxrf;rsm;awGU&Sd&onf/ BudK;ay;&efeD;vm 4if;tm;ac:xkwfonfhtcgvnf; Nidrfoufat;aq;pGm vkdufygoGm;cJhonf/ axmif0efxrf;ESifh axmifrSL;wdkYtm; 4if;

    pdyfcJhaom pdyfykwD;ESifh pmuav;wpfapmifudk ay;tyfum 4if;aemufqHk;0wfxm;onfh &SyftusESifhvkHcsnfuav;udk zcifjzpfolxH qufqufydkYay;&efrSmMum;oGm;avonf/

    4if;onf vkyfBuHrIBuD;wGif yg0ifusL;vGefaMumif; aemufqHk;aeYrS 0efcHoGm;avonf/ BudK;ay;NyD;aemuf 0efxrf;rsm;u 4if;aexdkifcJhaom BudK;wkdufteD;rS jzwfoGm;pOf 4if;tcef; xGef;ndxm;aom bk&m;qDrD;rsm;rSm tcsdKUNidrf; tcsdKUNidrf;vkNidrf;cif rSdwfwkwf rSdwfwkwf jzpfaeonfudk awGU&avonf/ qDrD;rsm;tm;vHk; rNidrf;ciftcsdefuav;rSm &efBuD;atmif\ ZD0defum;csKyfNidrf;oGm;onfrSm ocFg&w&m;oabmt& avmujzpfpOf[lorQonfrsOf;ajzmifhtoGifjzpfMuonfr[kwf puf0ef;toGifjzifh jzpfMujcif; jzpf\/xdkYaMumifh ==udk,fjyKaomuHyJhwifoHudk,fhxHjyefvmrnf++ [laom ed,mrtwkdif; &efBuD;atmifonf oljyKaomuHtwkdif; oljyefcH oGm;cJh&avonf/

    &efBuD;atmif olYzcifxH ay;cJhaompmrSm-==taza&.... tazhtaeeJYawmh om;twGuf rcsdrqefYy#da'0rD;

    awG awmufavmifaerSmtrSefyJ/ uRefawmfBudK;rdefUcscH& NyD; t,lcHy,fvkduf

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    cJhwJh ykwD;? t0wftpm;eJYpmudkjyNyD; usaemfhvdk rrdkuf&ef qHk;ray;ygvdkY

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    om;dkaoav;jrwfpGm uefawmhcJhygw,ftaz/om;&efBuD;atmif

    &efBuD;atmif\pmudk aoaocsmcsmzwfMunfhygu aphaphawG;vQifa&;a&;ay:qdkovdk oHa0*w&m;rsm;&NyD;&if;&cJhMurnf xifygonf/avmu vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufonfhudprsm;udk rvkyfcJhaomf odkYr[kwf rvkyfoifhrvkyfxkdufonfudk jyKvkyfcJhrdygu aemufwcsdefwGif ylyefae&rnfrSmrvGJyif/ ,if;udkyif =aemifw w&m;+ [k ac:a0:cJhMuonf/ aemifrS =w+&aom aemifwonfum; awmifhwoltzdkYtcgaESmif;cJhNyDr[kwfygavm/

    rnfodkYqdkap... 1947 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 19 &uf paeaeYwGifvkyfBuHowf jzwfcJhaom vkyfBuHrIw&m;cHrsm;onf 1948 ckESpf arv 8&uf paeaeYwGifyif Zmwfodrf;oGm;cJh&onf/ paeom; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onfvnf; paeaeYrSmyif usqHk;cJh&ojzifh jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;uHMurmwpfckvHk;

    onf paeN*dK[farT oGm;cJhavoavm[k awG;xifaerdygawmhonf/

    *VKefOD;apmtm; 1948 arv (8) &ufeHeuf5 em&D35 rdepfwGiftif;pdefA[dktusOf;axmifBuD;twGif;&Sd(1) aqmifteD;&SdBudK;pif BudK;ay;&ef

    jyifqifaepOf

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ tavmif;tm; aetdrfwGif

    awGY&Sd&pOf

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; usqHk;cJhpOfu1947 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 19 &uf paeaeYeHeuf 10 em&D 35 rdepftcsdef

    wGif vlowform;wdkY\vufcsufjzifh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; usqHk;cJh&onf/ usqHk;onfrS 2012 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 19 &ufaeYqdkvQif 65 ESpfwkdifcJhNyDjzpfonf/ usqHk;pOfu AdkvfcsKyf atmifqef;\toufonf 32 ESpfausmfom &Sdao;onf/ tu,f toufxif&Sm;&SdaevQif,cktcsdefwGif 97 ESpft&G,fcefY&Sdayrnf/

    AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;b0odkYa&mufrvmrD ocifatmifqef;b0&SdpOf

    ewfarmufNrdKU w&m;yGJwpfck AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u -==usKyft&m&SdBuD;vnf;rvkyfcsif? armfawmfum;BuD;vnf;rpD;csif? usKyf

    vdkcsifwmu Armhajrudk ArmawGjyef&a&;eJYvlwdkif;vlwdkif; vlwef;aph aeEdkifxdkifEdkifa&;yJvdkcsifw,f++

    [l zGifh[ajymqdkcJhonf/ ,if;odkYajymonfhtwkdif;yif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf udk,fusdK;pGefYvQuf wdkif;jynftwGuf tepftemcHum tpOfwpdkuf BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufvmcJhonfudk jynfolvlxku aumif;pGmcHpm;

    od&SdMuonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; AdkvfcsKyfudk av;pm;cspfcifMuonf/ ,HkMunfudk;pm;Muonf/ jrwfEkd;Muonf/ ,if;odkY&SdqJwGif AdkvfcsKyfwdkYusqHk;oGm;cJh&mawma&mNrdKUygrusef jynfrawmifwef;tESHUtm;vHk;aomjynfolvlxkBuD;rSmBudrfrD;tHk;yrm 0rf;enf;aMuuGJrqHk; &SdcJhMuonf/ ESajrmowrqHk; &SdMuonf/,lusHK;r&jzpfcJh&onf/ wcsdefwnf;rSmyif e,fcsJUvufyg;ap *VKefOD;apmESifholYwynfhvlowform;tay: trsufa'go aygufuGJcJhMuonf/

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    1945 rwf27&ufaeYu awmfvSefa&;wyfrsm;tm; a&SYwef;ppfrsufESmodkYrydkYrD

    vdkufvHppfaq;MunfhIaepOf

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;ESifhAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

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    zqyv tzGJUcsKyf\ rlvawmif;qdkcsuf rsm;xuf rsm;pGJavsmhenf;aeav

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    onf/ tcsdefwGif uGefjrLepfygwDESifh jynfolY&JabmfwdkYrSm tBuD;tus,f

    tHk

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

    oGm;NyD;aemuf vydkif;twGif; 1947 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv 19 &ufaeYpaeaeYn7 em&D 15 rdepftcsdefwGif jrefrmjynfbk&ifcHudk,fwdkif jrefrmEdkifiHtoHvTifhXmerS txl;owif;wpf&yfaMunmvdkufavawmhonf/

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    a&mufvm twGif;&Sdvlrsm;udkypfcwfaMumif;? 'kwd,OuX OD;atmifqef;ESifhwuG ocifjr? ref;bcdkif? OD;bcsdK? ty'l&mZwf? OD;b0if;? p0fpHxGef;?twGif;0if OD;tkef;armifESifh oufawmfapmifh udkaxG;wdkYaoqHk;MuaMumif;++

    AdkvfcsKyfwdkYvkyfMuHcH&NyD[laom owif;qdk;BuD;onf wpfjynfvHk;odkYwifr[kwf csif;yHsUESHYoGm;avawmhonf/ &efukefwGif vkyfMuHrIBuD;ay:aygufNyD;em&Dydkif;twGif; odMu&avonf/

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    ao; onf[kvnf; q&mBuD;u atmufarhrdavonf/

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    odkYuvdkY 1947 Zlvdkifv 19 &ufaeYwGif *VKefOD;apm\ aemufvdkufwynfhrsm;\vufcsufjzifh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;usqHk;cJhav&m q&mBuD;onf tvGefaMuuGJ0rf;enf;onfhtavsmuf==tmZmenfAdrmef#Dum++ udka&; atmufygtwdkif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhavonf/

    (1)

    aMomf ... taqmifaqmifeef;awGMuiSmef;awGESifhaESmtacgifrjref;cifu

    atmifpmwrf;csdKUapzdkY? atmifyef;ndKU&&SmwJhawmifwref;wdkYArmrSm ta[mif;oHo&m

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    aomif;jref;r&PprkwfrSmawmh

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

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    (2)aMomf ... wynfht&if;awGrdkY

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    aomubavmifqlawmhawmifZrLyk*HacwfqDu,acgifrl,refoepfawGaygh

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    ordefA&rf;qdkolppfAdkvfcsKyfudkjzifh

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

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    aMomf.. azGazG&Sm&Sm rausp&mayayghaESmra&r&mao&Gmqdkufovdkygh

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    jrefrmZrLtnmref;awGjzifh

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    waEGaEGrl;rl;NyD; acG;bD;vl;vdktaumifrdkufawGu

    aMomf ... tarSmifpdkufu,fESifh

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    atmifqef;wdkYaoyHk ESajrm / /

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    tmZmenfaeY (odkYr[kwf) jrefrmhorkdif;rarhtyfaom aeYwpfaeY

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