Th9 slides shapiro et al
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Regional Development in South Korea
Accounting for Research Area in Centrality and Networks
Matthew A. ShapiroMin-Ho So
Young-Long KimHan Woo Park
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Research questionsHow does Seoul continue to dominate?
The Seoul “macrocluster” Kim (2010); Sohn and Kenney (2007)
Are other regions buregeoning leaders?
Key variables Networks between regional innovation systems
Regional innovation fosters innovation through UIG relations
Policies Focus on particular research areas Emphasis on equalization across regions
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Research questions (cont.)Dependent variable
Centrality of research networks
Convergence Variant of Hirshman (1958) R&D without centralization the possibility
remains for catch-up through collaboration Countering Surowiecki (2005)
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Hypotheses1) Networks and specialization are a positive
function of timeGeographies may share expertise based on
industrial focusIncreased specialization could lead to more networks
with other regions
2) Networks are concentrated around single rather than multiple regions
3) The equalization policy has led to convergence in degree centrality across geographic areas
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DataLongitudinal: 1981-200916 geographic areas
Seoul, 6 additional cities, 9 provinces20 ISI subject categoriesJournal article data
Science Citation Index (SCI) database Web of Science
Korean residents classified by city/provinceCoauthorship is assumed to feed knowledge-
based innovation across boundaries
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MethodSocial network analysis
Normalized measures of degree centrality Wasserman and Faust (1994) Exploratory
Identifying trends across research specializations Explanatory
Why do such trends exist?
Each research area assessed in terms of centrality degree and a scale-dependent normalized degree
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ConclusionFurther verification of Shapiro, et al. (2010)
Seoul continues to be the main research hubOpportunity for other regions – besides
Gyeonggi and Daejeon – to replicate Seoul ended in 1994 Why? Application of the Cooperative R&D
Promotion Law to Gyeonggi and Daejeon in particular
A pattern of convergencePotential for other regions to be drawn in
through launching of MEST and MKENeed for structural changes