Th Fi E O Sh The First European On-Shore CO2 Storage Project at Ketzin (Germany)

St t d P ti - Status and Perspective -

Sonja Martens and the Ketzin TeamGFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Academic Research Strategy Meeting for UK Geologic Storage and Monitoring of CO2

Edinburgh – 7 July 2010

Injection facility

Hydraulictesting

Drilling

Injection wellObservation well

g

1 li if ( ) ff h (b) h

The different geological options for CO2 storage

1 saline aquifers (a) off-shore (b) on-shore2 „enhanced oil/gas recovery“3 depleted oil/gas reservoirs4 unmineable coal seams

injected CO2recovered oil/gasstored CO2

u eab e coa sea s5 „enhanced coal bed methane recovery“6 other (basalts, evaporites, cavern)

1 1b

3 4 5 6

1a2

1b

Ketzin

from national (German) but also global perspective:saline aquifers have largest storage potential

after IPCC (2005) – www.ipcc.ch

saline aquifers have largest storage potential

The Ketzin project and its components

Ketzin covers all aspects of a CO2 storage site with a focus on reservoir monitoring

Location of the Ketzin storage siteg

Aerial view of the Ketzin site

Observation well Ktzi 202Ktzi 202

Injection wellInjection well Ktzi 201

Pipeline

Observation well Ktzi 200

Injection facility20 m

Permissions for Ketzin

Projects and on-going proposals

The CO2SINK Project (04/2004 – 03/2010)

Coordinator: GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (D)G.E.O.S. Freiberg Ingenieurgesellschaft (D)

G l i l S f D k d G l d (DK)

2 j

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (DK)Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute (PL)

Det Norske Veritas (N)StatoilHydro (N)

Shell International Exploration and Production (NL)University of Stuttgart (D)Vibrometric Finland (SF)University of Kent (GB)University of Kent (GB)Uppsala University (S)

RWE Power AG (D)International Energy Agency – Greenhouse Gas Programme (GB)

V tt f ll E G ti (D)Vattenfall Europe Generation (D)Verbundnetz Gas AG (D)

Siemens AG Power Generation (D)E.ON Energie AG (D)

Schlumberger Carbon Services (Fr)

G lGeology

Geology – NE German Basin

Quarternary channel systems

0

2000

InjectionObservation

2000

4000Salt tectonics

6000 Potential CO2 storage sitesin anticline structures Förster, 2006

Geological Cross-Section

cap rock

former CH4 gas storage(250 - 400 m depth)

cap rock

CO2 storage formation(~650 m depth)

Förster et al., 2009

depth

The reservoir – part of the Ketzin anticlinecap rock:

mudstone (Weser formation)porosity ~ 8 %, permeability ~ µD

base Wesertop Stuttgart

depth

reservoir:sandstone (Stuttgart formation)

24 47 t % t

reservoir

24 – 47 wt % quartz13 – 20 wt % plagioclase7 – 30 wt % clay minerals

porosity ~ 26%permeability

laboratory: 300 – 400 mD(b t t i bl )

fl i l t

(but extreme variable)hydraulic tests: 40 – 80 mD

fluvial systemextreme heterogeneous

Norden et al 2007 / Förster et al 2010

base Stuttgart

Norden et al. 2007 / Förster et al. 2010

I j ti O tiInjection Operation

Basic Injection Data

• start of CO2 injection: 30.06.2008

CO lit 99 9% f d d• CO2 quality: 99.9%, food-grade

• cumulative mass of injected CO2: ~ 35 900 t (27 06 2010)~ 35,900 t (27.06.2010)

• actual injection rate: ~ 35 t/d

Injection rates / Total CO2 mass injected

M it i C tMonitoring Concept

Permanent downhole monitoring:

(I) Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) behind casing

(II) Pressure + temperature (Fibre optical sensor)

(III) Vertical Electrical Resistivity Array (VERA)

Surveys:

(I) Seismic monitoring at various scales (crosshole + VSP/MSP)

Smart Casing Installation

Geoelectrical MonitoringThe Combined Concept - The Combined Concept -

(i) Crosshole(i) Crosshole measurements

45 electrodes in the45 electrodes in the wells distance: 10 mdepth: 590 – 735 m

(ii) Large-scale measurementsmeasurements

16 dipoles at the surfaceDipole length: 150 mDipole length: 150 m

r1 = 800 m, r2 = 1500 m

Seismic Monitoring Concept“cross-hole”, VSP, MSP, 2-D Star3-D seismics

3D Baseline 2005: 41 Templates ~14km2

3D Repeat 2009: 20 Templates3D Repeat 2009: 20 Templates

First results of the 3D seismic repeatPreliminary comparison of reflection amplitudes from top of Stuttgart formation

Juhlin et al 2010Juhlin et al., 2010

Gas Monitoring - Gas Membrane SensorPatent No.: US 7,523,680 B2

quadrupole mass spectrometer

(H , He, CH , N , 0 ,

Ar, CO )2 4 2 2

2 , Kr

dataaquisition

unit

gas sampling

pressurizedArgon

Argon with formation gas

borehole

fluid level

gas flowcontrol unit pure Argon

phase separating membrane

pressure & temperature sensor

formation gas

formation gas

Zimmer et al., 2008

Zimmer et al. 2008

Gas Monitoring - Arrival of Krypton and CO2

Observation Well (Ktzi 200) Observation Well (Ktzi 202)

a u a.u.

kryp

ton

kryp

ton

a.u.

itrar

y un

its

krypton krypton

13. 14. 15. 16.July 2008

23.March 2009

24.18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

e

arbi

n di

oxid

e

n di

oxid

e un

its

CO CO

carb

o23. 24.18. 19. 20. 21 22

carb

on

13. 14. 15. 16.

arbi

trar

y u CO2 CO2

23.March 2009

24.18. 19. 20. 21. 22.July 2008

arrival at Ktzi 200 (50 m way from injector) after ~ 500 t CO2 injected

arrival at Ktzi 202 (112 m away from injector) after ~ 11,000 t CO2 injected

Zimmer et al., 2009

2 j after 11,000 t CO2 injected

Gas Monitoring - New capillary in Ktzi 200g p y

• Installation in March 2010

• Krypton tracer test in April / May 2010

Zimmer et al., 2010

yp p / y

Surface and Shallow Subsurface Monitoring

meteorolgical station

carbon dioxide disc

he

1 km

surface soil flux determination mulitsensor in groundwater well

en H

avel

länd

Rinn

egraben structure

i b th f th

methane determination(in 2 meter deep wells)

Nau

e

isobaths of the Schilfsandstein

rim of subsurface channels

600m

urge

r

channels

800m

ee O

rani

enbu

Rinn

e injection well

Falk

ense

R

Monitoring surface CO2 flux and temperature2005 2006

CO2 injection2007 2008

2009

D t I t tiData Integration

Geoelectric – Seismic Geoelectric

April 2009; injected: 13,5 kt CO2

Seismic

Autumn 2009; injected: 22 - 25 kt CO2p ; j , 2

Ktzi202 Ktzi202

; j 2

Ktzi200 Ktzi200

WNW WNW

Ktzi200Ktzi201

Ktzi200Ktzi201

100 m

100 m

Juhlin et al 2010

Kießling & Rücker, 2010

In principle, results from both methods agree.

Preferred direction of migration: WNW trend

Juhlin et al., 2010

g

Modelling & simulations at Ketzing

G l l d l• Geological model• Risk assessment• History matching• History matching

Eclipse model [F k GEUS]C. Cosma, 2008 Eclipse model [Frykman, GEUS]

S d O tl kSummary and Outlook

Summary for Ketzin

• Saline aquifer developed with three wells

• Injection operation since June 2008 is safe and reliable (today ~ 36,000 t)

• Arrival of CO2 in two observation wells detected -Gas membrane sensor (GMS) proved reliability

• Geophysical monitoring (seismic and geoelectric) capable of visualising the CO2 plume2

• High local, national and international interest with a lot of good press responseg p p

Start of Injection – Ketzin / June 30, 2008

Start of Injection – Ketzin / June 30, 2008

Outlook for Ketzin

• Proposals submitted for further research activities

– CO2MAN (CO2 Reservoir Management)

– CO2CARE (CO2 Site Closure Assessment Research)

• Planned activities for Ketzin include, e.g.

Drilling and installation of third observation well– Drilling and installation of third observation well

– Continuation and extension of monitoring techniques

F th j i t i t t ti d bi ti f d lli – Further joint interpretations and combination of modelling and geophysical data

– Injection of CO2 from Oxyfuel process Injection of CO2 from Oxyfuel process (Vattenfall/Schwarze Pumpe)

German Research Centre for Geosciences14473 Potsdam Telegrafenberg Germany14473 Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Germany

Thank you for your attentiony y