Textile Recycling Information Sheet

7/24/2019 Textile Recycling Information Sheet

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Textile recycling information sheet

Why bother?It is estimated that more than 1 million tonnes of textiles are thrown away every year, with most of this

coming from household sources. Textiles make up about 3% by weight of a household bin. t least !"% of the textiles

we throw away are recyclable, however, the proportion of textile wastes reused or recycled annually is only around

#!%. lthough the ma$ority of textile waste originates from household sources, waste textiles also arise during yarn

and fabric manufacture, garmentmaking processes and from the retail industry. These are termed postindustria

waste, as opposed to the postconsumer waste which goes to $umble sales and charity shops. Together they provide a

vast potential for recovery and recycling. &ecovery and recycling provide both environmental and economic bene'ts.

Textile recovery( &educes the need for land'll space. Textiles present particular problems in land'll as synthetic )manmade

'bres* products will not decompose, while woollen garments do decompose and produce methane, which

contributes to global warming.

&educes pressure on virgin resources.

ids the balance of payments as we import fewer materials for our needs.

&esults in less pollution and energy savings, as 'bres do not have to be transported from abroad.

If everyone in the + bought one reclaimed woollen garment each year, it would save an average of 3-1 million

gallons of water and /" tonnes of chemical dyestu0s

&eclaiming 'bre avoids many of the polluting and energy intensive processes needed to make textiles from virgin

materials, including(

avings on energy consumption when processing, as items do not need to be redyed or scoured.

2ess euent, as unlike raw wool, it does not have to be thoroughly washed using large volumes of water.

&eduction of demand for dyes and 'xing agents and the problems caused by their use and manufacture

How's, what's and where's of recycling textilesThe ma$ority of postconsumer textiles are currently

collected by charities. ome charities sort collected material selling it on to merchants in the appropriate

sectors. 4ver -"% of the world5s population use second hand clothes.ome postindustrial waste is recycled 5in

house5, usually in the yarn and fabric manufacturing sector. The rest, aside from going to land'll or incineration

is sent to merchants.

Collection Methodst present the consumer has the option of putting textiles in 5clothes banks5, taking them to

charity shops or having them picked up for a $umble sale. The alvation rmy, cope, and 4xfam also use a bank

scheme in con$unction with other methods. cope, for example, runs a national doortodoor textile collection service.

There are about 3,""" textile banks nationwide, but clothes banks are only operating at about #!% capacity. The

alvation rmy is the largest operator of textile banks in the +, with over #,""" banks nationwide. 4n average, each

of these banks is estimated to collect about six tonnes of textiles per year. 6ombined with doortodoor collections

The alvation rmy5s textile recycling operations account for the processing of in excess of 1-,""" tonnes of clothing a

year. 6lothes are given to the homeless, sold in charity shops or sold in developing countries in frica, the Indian sub

continent and parts of 7astern 7urope. 8early -"% of items put into clothing banks are reused as clothes, and any un

wearable items are sold to merchants to be recycled and used as factory wiping cloths. The average lifetime of a

garment is about three years. +nsold and unwearable clothing is sent to 4xfam5s 9astesaver, a textile recycling plant

in :udders'eld. These clothes are sold as raw materials to the textile recycling industry. 9astesaver handles abou

1"" tonnes a week.

Processing and Outlets for Waste Textilesll collected textiles are sorted and graded by highly skilledexperienced workers, who are able to recognise the large variety of 'bre types resulting from the introduction of

synthetics and blended 'bre fabrics. 4nce sorted the items are sent to various destinations in +nited ingdom and

abroad. 4xfam5s 9astesaver provides clothes to ;ougoslavia, lbania, fghanistan and 8orthern Ira=. +nwearable textiles are

sold to the 5?ocking5 industry. Items are shredded for 'llers in car insulation, roo'ng felts, loudspeaker cones, pane

linings, furniture padding etc. 9oollen garments are sold to specialist 'rms for 'bre reclamation to make yarn or fabric

6otton and silk are sorted into grades to make wiping cloths for a range of industries from automotive to mining, and

for use in paper manufacture. @ost industrial waste is often reprocessed in house. 6lippings from garment

manufacture are also used by 'bre reclaimers to make into garments, felt and blankets. ome items will be reused by


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designers fashioning garments and bags from recovered items, however this is a very small sector within the overall

destinations of textiles.

The ibre !eclamation Process;ills grade incoming material into type and colour. The colour sorting means no re

dying has to take place, saving energy and pollutants. Initially the material is shredded into 5shoddy5 )'bres*.

Aepending on the end uses of the yarn e.g. a rug, other 'bres are chosen to be blended with the shoddy. The blended

mixture is carded to clean and mix the 'bres, and spun ready for weaving or knitting.

The !ecycling "cene7vergreen produces yarns and fabrics from recycled 'bres. Their most successful products are

inblends spun from 7nglish and 6hinese hemp and recycled denim, in addition to other recycled 'bre blends

containing wool, cashmere, silk and @7T )polyester made from postconsumer recycled plastic drinks bottles andtencel, a 'bre made from wool*. The reuse of clothes is promoting a new breed of designer. 8o2oBo are a team o

volunteer designers set up by 4xfam who restyle donated garments and fabrics, selling them on at some 4xfam

shops.

What #ou Can $o?

Take your used clothes to a textile bank. lternatively you can take used clothing to local charity shops.

Bive old clothesCshoesCcurtainsChandbags etc. to $umble sales.

Duy secondhand clothes you can often pick up unusual period piecesE If bought from a charity shop, it wil

also bene't a charity.

Duy things you are likely to wear a long time a dedicated follower of fashion can also be a green one if items

are chosen carefully.

2ook for recycled content in the garments you buy. This should be on the label, though at present there is noconventional marking scheme and some companies do not always advertise the recycled content.

Duy cloth wipers instead of disposable paper products as the product can be used repeatedly.

Source

Fashion industry. :ere are eight key points

Indian vendor, ;an$u, makes wool umbrellas. ;echanical recycling of 'bres like wool is currently the most scalable

recycling technology for postconsumer textiles. @hotograph( 8arinder 8anuCF@CBetty Images

"o, which textiles can be recycled and how?

GThe key di0erentiation is between Hmechanical 'bre recycling, which will degrade with each recycling )downcycling*and Hchemical 'bre recycling which in some cases can produce 'bres of e=ual =uality to virgin onesJ explains senior

research fellow, Textiles 7nvironment Aesign, ate Boldsworthy.

;echanical recycling of natural 'bres like cotton and wool is currently the most scalable recycling technology for post

consumer textiles but the result is shorter textile 'bres of a lower =uality to virgin 'bres, adds 6arola Tembe, :K;s

environmental sustainability coordinator. To increase =uality, recycled 'bres must be blended with virgin 'bres.

9hen it comes to chemical recycling, only polyester and certain nylons can currently be reprocessed. :owever, new

technologies are being developed and cotton could be up next.7vrnufor example is chemically recycling cotton scraps

into a new manufactured cellulosic yarn and re(newcelland axionare also working on emerging technologies.

What sort of by%&roducts are created when textiles are recycled?

For mechanical processes these byproducts are mostly the hardware, such as


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9orn gainis exploring chemical textile recycling technology to tackle blended 'bres, but these sorts of revolutionary

developments wont be commercially viable for some time. To bridge the gap until then, mits suggests we upscale

mechanical 'bre recycling and address postconsumer and preconsumer waste streams.

"hould go(ernment standards start loo)ing into the fashion industry li)e they do with food?

GIn northern 7urope, research institutions from all 've 8ordic countries have started a twoyear pro$ect that seeks to

develop and propose possible policy packages, which would encourage 7xtended @roducer &esponsibility )7@&*

systems and innovative new business models aimed at increasing reuse and recycling of textiles,J explains mits.

Tembe agrees that policy is key, pointing to the importance of enabling policy framework that removes trade barriersand allows the ?ow of used textiles to producer countries.

@olicies that provide circular economy incentives such as tax bene'ts and 7@& will be helpful, but they cant change

the industry alone. In addition to policy, more pioneering brands must introduce disruptive business models. 9hile this

appears diNcult for established brands, mits writes that it poses an even bigger challenge for midsi


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Thesustainable fashion hubis funded by H&M. All content is editorially independent except for pieces labelled

brought to you by. Find out more here.

Fabric

Ae'nition

Fabric or cloth is a ?exible arti'cial material that is made by a network of natural or arti'cial 'bers.

7xample( The example is thread or yarn which is formed by weaving or knitting as in textiles. 6loth is

mostly used in the manufacturing of clothing and household furnishings etc.

Common abrics

6otton, is the most famous fabric and most widely used 'ber in the world because of its versatility and ability

to provide good comfort, particularly in apparel items . 6otton is soft, natural, vegetable 'ber obtained from

the seedpod of the cotton plant. The use of cotton is diverse for example it is used in apparel, home

furnishings, towels, rugs, and sewing thread etc.

@olyester, it is a type of fabric which is a synthetic, manmade 'ber produced. ome of itS5s features are crease

resistance, ability to dry =uickly, shape retention in garments, high strength, abrasion resistance, and

minimum care re=uirement. It is very important 'ber in upholstery fabrics, which is often used in warps due to

its strength and inexpensiveness.

ilk is a natural 'lament 'ber produced by the silkworm in cocoon. ilk is mostly collected from cultivated

worms, it is a thicker, shorter 'ber produced by worms in their natural habitat. @rimarily found in sia there are

several types of silk like tussah silk and wild silk etc.

crylic, it is a synthetic 'ber. It has a soft, woollike hand, and is generally able to be dyed in a wide range of

brilliant colors. 7xcellent sunlight resistance and wrinkle resistance is itS5s great feature.
http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-bloghttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-bloghttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-bloghttp://preview.gutools.co.uk/sponsored-contenthttp://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-bloghttp://preview.gutools.co.uk/sponsored-content


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elvet which is another type of popular fabric is basically a warp pile cloth in which rows of short cut pile stand

so close together as to form an even, uniform surface. elvet is appealing in look and with soft. Ai0erent 'bers

including silk is used in making of velvet.

Aamask is mainly made in china and it is 'rm, glossy $ac=uardpatterned fabric. It is a reversible fabric

characteriou can distinguish it from the ground by it5s

contrasting luster.

6otton

6otton is a soft, ?u0y, staple 'bre that comes from cotton plants

ilk

"il)'ber produced as a cocoon covering by the silkworm, and valuable for its use in 'ne fabrics and textiles

7xample( ;ulberry ilk, Tussah ilk

-ylon

-ylonis a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides.

:ow To 6ontrol Fabric @iling

@illing happens because of rubbing or abrasion of the fabric during normal wear and use. >ou5ll 'nd pilling mostoften on manmade 'bers particularly polyester and polyester blends.

@illing occurs during wearing or washing when groups of short or broken 'bers on the surface of the fabricbecome tangled together in a tiny ball a pill.

Pre(ent Pilling

Defore laundering, turn the garment inside out. +se the gentle cycle which has a slower agitation and shorter wash cycle.

+se li=uid detergent or allow powdered detergent to dissolve completely before adding garments. 2ine dry woven fabrics. Ary knitted garments on a ?at surface. If using the dryer, remove as soon as

possible to lessen abrasion from other fabrics. !emo(e Pilling

4ne of the most e0ective ways to remove pills is to use a fabric comb or a battery operated pillremover that shaves the pills from the surface of the garment. >ou can also pull the fabric taut over acurved surface and carefully cut o0 the pill with scissors or shave the fabric surface with a safety raou must be extremely careful and weigh the value of the garment before tackling the $obE

:ow To 6ontrol fabric hrinkage "hrin)ageis the process in which a fabric becomes smaller than its original si


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6auses

For wool garments, shrinkage is due to scales on the 'bers which heat, water and agitation cause tostick together.

4ther fabrics are stretched by mechanical forces during production, and can shrink slightly whenheated )though to a lesser degree than wool*.

ome clothes are UpreshrunkU to avoid this problem.

@rehrinking @reshirking is needed almost on all fabrics because most textile materials shrink when washed

:owever preshrinking can only reduce the residual shrinkage to a lower percentage, but cannocompletely eliminate it.

:ow To 6ontrol Fabric Vuality abric .uality /ns&ection0

The =uality of a 'nal garment depends on the =uality of a fabric when it is received as a roll. 7ven themost outstanding manufacturing methods cannot compensate for defective materials. 9e inspect 1"%of the rolls and evaluate them based on a fourpoint system. This way, we can avoid fabric related=uality problems before it is put into production.

our% Point "ystem0

+mount to select0 Inspect at least 1"% of the total rolls of the shipment. "election of rolls0 elect at least one roll of each color. If more than one role must be selected, then

choose the additional roles in proportion to the total number of roles per color received. $efect Classi*cation 1our% Point "ystem20

"i3e $efect Penalty 45 inches or less 6 Point

O(er 5 inches, but less than 7 8 PointsO(er 7 inches, but less than 9 5 PointsO(er 9 inches : Points

The length of the defect is used to determine the penalty point. 4nly ma$or defects are considered. 8openalty points are assigned to minor defects. ) ma$or defect is any defect that would cause a 'nal garment tobe considered a second.*

Maor $efects0

;a$or woven fabric defects include but are not limited to slubs, holes, missing yarns, yarn variationend out, soiled yarns, and wrong yarn.

;a$or dye or printing defects are out of register, dye spots, machine stop, color out, color smear, orshading.

+cce&tance Criteria and Calculation0

" points per 1"" yards is the acceptable defect rate

W of @oints per 1"" yds X W of penalty points x 1""

>ds inspectedFabric 6leaning ;acuuming

4ne of the safest and easiest ways to clean textiles is to vacuum them. The fabric is placed on a clean?at work surface. If the specimen is particularly delicate, or simply as a precautiona 'berglass screen edged with twill tape may be placed over the textile. The screen allows dirtand dust to pass through, but prevents individual threads from being pulled loose or unraveled furtherby the suction. +sing a vacuum attachment and the lowest power setting, move the suction over thescreen until the entire area has been cleaned.

acuum through screen Wet cleaning

The most familiar method of washing everyday textiles is to use water and detergent. The urge towash historic textiles can be as automatic as the machines used. :istoric textiles should not beregarded as laundry, however, because wet cleaning can do a great deal of damage to them. 9atercan cause cotton and linen to shrink, especially when combined with heat. imilarly, wool can shrink or


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become irreversibly matted, while if dyes in a textile are not 5'xed5 they can run, damaging ad$acentareas.

Textiles are markedly weaker when wet and therefore much easier to damage or tear. In some caseslight 'nger pressure when trying to manipulate or handle a wet historic textile is enough to split thefabric. Finally, many textiles shrink and distort as they dry.

$ry cleaning

Ary cleaning is generally only used for oil stains, as it is a very stressful process of the textile6ommercial dry cleaners should never be used, as the chemicals used in the process are too strong forold fabrics to withstand without damage. If dry cleaning is absolutely necessary, consult a professionaconservator.

"teaming and ironing teaming and ironing textiles should be done with caution, as the heat may a0ect the viability of the

'bers. ;ore importantly, the fabric should always be cleaned before either of these processes is usedsince heat may trap dirt and stains in the 'bers to such an extent that the stain becomes permanentlways use the lowest setting for either of these procedures. If a garment relies on folds to maintain itsproper shape )such as pleats*, it may be better to 'ngerpress the folds into place when the garment isdamp and allow it to dry that way, rather than sub$ect it to the added stress of ironing.

Thread 6ount Thread countor threads per inch )T@I* is a measure of the coarseness or 'neness of fabric.

It is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one s=uare inch of fabric or one s=uarecentimeter, including both the length )warp* and width )weft* threads.

The thread count is the number of threads counted along two sides )up and across* of the s=uare inch, addedtogether.

It is used especially in regard to cotton linens such as bed sheets, and has been known to be used in theclassi'cation of towels.

Thread count is often used as a measure of fabric =uality, so that( GtandardU cotton thread counts are around 1!"

good=uality sheets start at 1/" and a count of #"" or higher is considered percale. ome, but not all, of the extremely high thread counts )typically over !""* tend to be misleading as

they usually count the individual threads in UpliedU yarns )a yarn that is made by twisting togethermultiple 'ner threads*. For marketing purposes, a fabric with #!" twoply yarns in both the vertical andhori


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Fleece, ?annel, corduroy, cotton, nylon, denim, wool, and linen. 9hat can you do with these 'bers when

youre 'nished wearing them, sleeping on them, or draping them over your windowsY 4ne way to bene't

both your community and the environment is to donate used textiles to charitable organi


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compressed for mattress production. Textiles sent to the ?ocking industry are shredded to make 'lling

material for car insulation, roo'ng felts, loudspeaker cones, panel linings and furniture padding.

For speciali


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Take your used clothes to a textile bank. 6ontact the recycling oNcer in your local authority if thereare no banks in your area and ask why[ they may collect textiles through other means. lternatively youcan take used clothing to local charity shops.

Bive old clothesCshoesCcurtainsChandbags etc. to $umble sales. &emember to tie shoes togetherpart of the Z% of textiles which is wastage for merchants are single shoes.

Duy secondhand clothes you can often pick up unusual period piecesE If bought from a charityshop, it will also bene't a charity.

Duy things you are likely to wear a long time a dedicated follower of fashion can also be a greenone if items are chosen carefully.

2ook for recycled content in the garments you buy. This should be on the label, though at presentthere is no conventional marking scheme and some companies do not always advertise the recycledcontent.

Duy cloth wipers instead of disposable paper products as the product can be used repeatedly.

Useful contacts

Textiles Environment Network (TEN)c/oNational Centre for Business and Ecology

Peel BuildingUniversity of Salford

Manchester, M5 4W

t !"#" $%5 &"5$

Textiles On

Linewww.e4s.org.uk/textilesonline/index.htm

' good educational resource(

Charities )nvolved With e*tile/Shoe +ecycling

European Recycling Company

LimiteWhitehead ouse"$! Beddington -ane

Croydon C+! 4.t !$! $ !0!0

[email protected]

)nvolved 1ainly 2ith shoe recycling

Oxfam !astesaverUnit 43# +ing2ay )ndustrial

EstateBec +oad

uddersfield ." 5.t !"44 54$!$"

[email protected]

ww.oxfam.org.uk/...../wastesaver.htm

"alvation #rmy Traing Co Lt5#3&.ennington +oad

.enington )ndustrial EstateWelling6orough

Northa17tonshire

NN $8t !"%00 44"!#

[email protected]

www.satradingco.org

"cope$ "tock % Recycling &ept' (Nort)$5aigh Street, 9nares6orough

North :orshire, 5 !E(t !"4$0 #$%#0(

[email protected]

"cope$ "tock % Recycling &ept' ("out)&,

Parsons Street, Ban6ury, ;*on, ;


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Textile Recycling #ssociation an RecyclatexP; Bo* %#5

M').S;NE

9ent ME"& 0W.

t !45 #!!$

?a*= !45 #!!$

info@te*tile3recycling(org(u

htt7=//222(te*tile3recycling(org(u

Textile Recycling (*++,)U+N !!/""$#( Pu6lished 6y the .e7art1ent for rade and )ndustry A.)

'.M')- 5$ -ondon SW"W :

t !&! "5!$ 5!!

7u6lications@dti(gsi(gov(u

WHY T-SHIRTS CANT BE RECYCLED INTO NEW T-SHIRTS

When you donate a pile of old T-shirts to a local charity, they will not be recycled back into T-shirts. The fibers are usually too worn to be

made into soft fabric. That doesn't mean, though, that these fibers go to waste.

Cotton, it turns out, is a lot like paper, at least when it comes to recycling. As you may know,paperis made up of fibers and can be

recycled back into paper a finite number of times before the fibers become too short and must be downcycled into things like newspape

or tissues. Cotton is similar in that it is made from fibers (it is derived from a plant, after all), and eventually those fibers wear out.

Because the amount of textile waste Americans throw away each year averages out to70 poundsper person, it's worth understanding

what does happen to old clothes, as well as how buying recycled content clothing can help keep waste out of landfills.
mailto:[email protected]://www.textile-recycling.org.uk/mailto:[email protected]://earth911.com/news/2013/03/19/paper-recycling-details-basics/http://www.sustainuclothing.com/american-recycled-apparel-2/http://www.sustainuclothing.com/american-recycled-apparel-2/mailto:[email protected]://www.textile-recycling.org.uk/mailto:[email protected]://earth911.com/news/2013/03/19/paper-recycling-details-basics/http://www.sustainuclothing.com/american-recycled-apparel-2/


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The Fate of Donated Clothing

In 2010, the recovery rate for all textiles - which includes things like clothing, shoes, sheets, blankets, etc. - was 15 percent, according to

theEPA,and unrecovered textiles amount for almost5 percentof all landfill space in the U.S. Keeping your old clothing out of the trash

can help solve this problem, but the ways that clothing gets reused aren't always clear to consumers.

Once your pile of T-shirts arrives at a charity, it is sorted based on quality. Any clothing that is still in good shape will be resold, either in

local secondhand stores or in secondhand markets abroad. The rest of that clothing gets downcycled, meaning its materials are used

for other purposes. According to theCouncil for Textile Recycling,30 percent of textiles not resold locally will be made into rags, which

are used in many industries for cleaning and other purposes. Meanwhile,20 percentof these textiles will be broken down into thei

fibers and made into new products like carpet, insulation or stuffing for car seats. After all of this, only5 percentof recovered clothing

ends up as waste.

What "Recycled-Content" Means in Clothing

So if "recycled T-shirts" aren't made from old, used T-shirts, what are they made from?

SUSTAINU MAKES T-SHIRTS FROM 50% RECYCLED COTTON AND 50% RECYCLED POLYESTER. PHOTO: SUSTAINU

"Post-industrial recycled cotton," said Trey Dunham, vice president of corporate communications & marketing forSustainU,a produce

of recycled t-shirts. "Which basically means the cotton comes from a cutting room floor in a factory. [...] There's always some waste you

can't avoid. Normally, that would go into a landfill. They just throw those scraps away because they tend to be very small pieces."

At SustainU, those cotton scraps are grouped together by color, shredded and broken down into their fibers. This process shortens thecotton's fibers, which makes them less soft. To ensure the new t-shirts will be soft and durable, recycled polyester is added. This

polyester is made from recycled plastic bottles, which are chipped, melted into pellets and then sent through a machine that turns them

into very fine fibers that look a bit like plastic cotton balls, Dunham explained.

The cotton and polyester fibers are then combed together and spun into thread. From that point on, the materials go through a fairly

standard manufacturing process involving knitting, cutting, sewing and eventually adding embellishments like text and images.

"The magic is in the raw material, in getting the recycled cotton and the recycled polyester. After that, it's a pretty traditional process,"

Dunham said.

Recycled polyester is a particularly interesting material because unlike cotton, its inorganic fibers do not degrade quickly. This means

that while cotton clothing cannot be made into new clothing, polyester fabrics can. If you own fleece jackets or performance shirts made

from polyester, they may be recycled into new polyester garments, Dunham said.

The U.S.-based companyUnifimakes a recycled fiber calledReprevewhich typically contains post-industrial waste and used plastic

bottles. Repreve fibers are used to make items like khakis, car seats and socks. The company also has atextile take-back programfo

some of their customers that recycles polyester-based fabrics into new fibers.
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/textiles.htm#factshttp://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/textiles.htm#factshttp://www.sustainuclothing.com/american-recycled-apparel-2/http://www.sustainuclothing.com/american-recycled-apparel-2/http://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttps://www.sustainuclothing.com/store/https://www.sustainuclothing.com/store/http://unifi.com/index.aspxhttp://unifi.com/index.aspxhttp://www.repreve.com/WhatIsRepreve/WhatIsRepreve.aspxhttp://www.repreve.com/WhatIsRepreve/WhatIsRepreve.aspxhttp://www.repreve.com/business/BrandBenefits/TextileTakeBack.aspxhttp://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/textiles.htm#factshttp://www.sustainuclothing.com/american-recycled-apparel-2/http://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttp://www.weardonaterecycle.org/images/clothing-life-cycle.pnghttps://www.sustainuclothing.com/store/http://unifi.com/index.aspxhttp://www.repreve.com/WhatIsRepreve/WhatIsRepreve.aspxhttp://www.repreve.com/business/BrandBenefits/TextileTakeBack.aspx


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Whether recycled-content clothing is made from old clothing or from other waste materials, it helps reduce the need for virgin materials

while also keeping waste out of landfills. Purchasing items that are less resource-intensive up front and making sure to donate your old

clothing are both ways to help limit the environmental impact of your textiles

+2 T7&78BB8+ ## ept. Aia tidak mempedulikan apa yang mungkin dikatakan orang tentang

dirinya apabila memilih untuk bergelumang dengan sampahsarap bagi membina kehidupannya

sekeluarga ketika itu.

&osly Aarahman,Z, sedar bahan terbuang seperti kertas dan botolbotol plastik yang selalunya

melimpahi tongtong sampah dan berakhir di pusat pelupusan untuk dibakar mempunyai nilai.

8amun ia suatu ker$a yang mudah, perlu memerah keringat selain tidak dipandang tinggi ketika dia

memulakan usahanya secara kecilkecilan selepas tamat i$il @ela$aran ;alaysia )@;*.

etika rakan sebaya mencari ruang untuk makan ga$i atau menyambung pela$aran, dia nekad untuk

membantu mencari re


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Uda ketikanya saya tidur tiga $am saha$a sehari kerana sepan$ang masa terpaksa beker$a.

U@ernah satu ketika saya terpaksa memandu ke Thailand, namun kerana tidak tahan mengantuk dan

perlu sampai mengikut masa yang ditetapkan saya memberhentikan lori lalu berlari se$auh 1"" meter

dan berpatah semula ke lori sematamata untuk menyegarkan mata.

Uetelah penat beker$a seharian, bayangkan bahan kitar semula itu hanya dibeli dengan harga 1 sen

saha$a sekilogram pada awalnya,U $elasnya.

&osly yang merupakan @engarah +rusan &A @apers dn. Dhd., sebuah syarikat kitar semula milik

bumiputera yang terkemuka dan paling ber$aya di @antai Timur.

&A @aper kini memiliki " buah lori serta 1Z" orang peker$a bagi mengendalikan urusan

pengumpulan dan pen$ualan bahanbahan kitar semula itu.

elain ibu pe$abat di @ulau ;usang di sini, sebanyak dua lagi cawangan dibuka di Pertih dan ota

Dharu sebagai pusat pengumpulan.

@ihaknya merancang untuk membuka kilang di 6erating, @ahang dan Bong Dadak dekat sini lagi bagi

penghasilan produk hiliran bagi pengeluaran bahan plastik.

&osly berharap, $ika apa yang diusahakan dianggap sebagai satu ke$ayaan, sekurangkurangnya

dapat memotivasikan generasi akan datang agar lebih berani berusaha dalam mengusahakan

perniagaan baru.

UPangan takut untuk mencuba kerana peluang dan ruang pasti ada namun apa yang penting

kesungguhan dan semangat yang kuat perlu ada bagi mengatasi pelbagai cabaran yang baka

dilalui,U u$arnya.

Pika anda pernah melihat premis &A @aper di sini atau di ota Dharu, dari luaran pastinya tidak akan

menyangka ia sebagai pusat pengumpulan barangan terbuang.

2andskap yang ter$aga dan dekorasi kuntuman bunga daripada botol plastik pelbagai warna

menambahkan hiasannya di pintu masuk.

DI rumah kita, pasti ada barang-barang kitar semula seperti botol minuman, surat khabar lama, perkakasan elektrik ataupun besi-besi ampaian yang

tidak lagi digunakan.

Apabila memikirkan barang-barang tersebut mencacatkan pandangan di rumah, maka adalah lebih baik ia dijual kepada pembeli barang kitar semula

Ini kerana setiap kilogram plastik, kertas dan besi mempunyai nilai tersendiri. Hasilnya pasti memuaskan hati.

Itulah permulaan perniagaan oleh seorang usahawan iaitu Sivanandan Samuel, !, yang telah mengusahakan sebuah pusat membeli barang-barang kitar

semula di "awang dan #anting, Selangor.

$enurut %engarah &rusan 'rest 'are "ecycling Sdn. #hd. itu, kira-kira !( tahun lalu, dia hanya mengumpul barang kitar semula untuk dijual sebagai

pendapatan utamanya selepas meninggalkan kerjaya asalnya di sebuah syarikat hartanah.

)%erniagaan barangan kitar semula ini diinspirasikan oleh bapa saudara saya yang telah memulakannya dahulu.

)$elihat perniagaannya menguntungkan, saya mengikut jejak langkahnya dengan meninggalkan kerjaya pertama selepas tamat pengajian di Amerika

Syarikat *AS+.


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)Saya memulakan bisnes ini dengan mengumpul kotak, surat khabar lama, besi-besi terbuang dan plastik-plastik yang tidak digunakan lagi,) katanya

kepada S di premisnya di "awang.

ambahnya lagi, bapa saudaranya, "ajendran Subramaniam, !, banyak mengajarnya tentang selok-belok perniagaan barangan kitar semula yang

berbe/a harganya mengikut gred-gred tertentu.

)Selepas sekian lama berkecimpung dalam perniagaan ini, saya bersama bapa saudara kini menumpukan sepenuhnya dalam perniagaan barangan

plastik kerana harga dan permintaannya di pasaran adalah tinggi.

)Selain itu, plastik juga adalah bahan terbuang yang mudah diperoleh. Ia mempunyai pelbagai kategori seperti jenis tahan panas, mudah lentur, keras

dan sebagainya.

)'ontohnya %olyethylene erephthalate *%00+, iaitu jenis plastik untuk botol minuman dan High Density %olyethylene *HD%0+ yang digunakan untuk

membuat perkakasan tahan panas seperti cerek dan sebagainya. #ahan-bahan tersebut dapat dijual pada harga "$!.1 hingga "$!.21 sekilogram.

)3enis plastik itu paling mudah diperoleh sama ada dari rumah ataupun tapak pelupusan sampah,) jelasnya sambil menunjukkan plastik-plastik yang

telah dibungkus mengikut gred.

Sambil menceritakan jenis-jenis plastik yang lain, Sivanandan turut mengakui bisnes kitar semula ini mampu menjana pendapatan yang tinggi pada

setiap bulan.

)$asa saya mula berjinak-jinak dengan perniagaan ini, hasil bulanan yang diperoleh pada waktu itu sekitar "$!,111 hingga "$,111. 4ini, perniagaan

tersebut mampu menjana pendapatan bersih sehingga "$,111 sebulan.

)Syarikat ini mempunyai target tersendiri setiap bulan iaitu berat plastik untuk dijual mesti mencapai sekurang-kurangnya dua tan metrik.

)&ntuk mencapai sasaran tersebut, kami akan membeli dalam skala besar dari premis atau kilang yang ingin menjual barang-barang pengeluaran plastik

mereka yang rosak.

)Selain itu, kami turut membeli barang-barang yang dihantar sendiri oleh mana-mana individu ke premis ini,) katanya.

Sarawak perlu wujud model pengumpulan,kitar semula sisa elektronikpril O, #"1, 9ednesday

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KUCHING: Sarawak perlu mewujudkan satu model untuk pengumpulan dan kitar semula sisa barangan elektronik (e-Waste bagi

menguruskan ba!an buangan itu se"ara proakti# dan selamat$

%enurut &atuk 'andar &ewan 'andaraa Ku"!ing Utara (&'KU &atuk )bang )bdul Wa!ap )bang *ulai+ e-Waste ang terdiri

daripada komponen elektrik tidak lagi berguna sebenarna bole! mengan"am kesi!atan kerana sisa buangan itu tidak bole!

di!apuskan melalui kaeda! biasa sama ada melalui teknik pembakaran atau ditanam$

Selain !arus dirawat sebaik mungkin bagi mengelak an"aman kepada manusia dan alam sekitar+ katana+ e-Waste mampu

meng!asilkan sisa toksid bera"un ang sangat berba!aa$

,Setakat ini+ &'KU belum ada kemuda!an untuk melupuskan e-Waste+ namun kita ada menediakan satu tong k!as dan kita akan

meng!antarna ke pusat kitar semula ang dilantik+ katana ketika di!ubungi Utusan 'orneo+ semalam$

)bang Wa!ap turut mela!irkan pendapat tiba masana untuk mewujudkan satu kemuda!an k!as bagi menguruskan sisa tersebut$

,&i sini belum ada lagi+ namun kebanakan negara barat menediakan satu tempat untuk pengumpulan e-Waste+ sama seperti tempat

kitar semula ang ada di sini+ katana$

.-Waste merangkumi sisa elektronik lama dan usang seperti komputer+ pen"etak dan produk berkaitan komputer+ tele#on bimbit+ kabel

dan dawai+ bateri li-ion dan peralatan elektronik dapur asalkan bukan tele/isen$

Sementara itu+ &atuk 'andar %ajlis 'andaraa Ku"!ing Selatan (%'KS &atuk *ames C!an turut menasi!atkan orang ramai untuk

mena!ut seruan kitar semula e-Waste dengan mengumpul dan menera!kanna ke tong-tong disediakan ole! pi!ak berkuasa

tempatan+ atau 0ersatuan 0erniagaan Komputer Ku"!ing (KC')$

,'elum ada pusat kitar semula k!as untuk e-Waste tetapi ia dilakukan ole! sektor swasta seperti KC')$

,0ersatuan itu amat akti# dalam mempromosikan kitar semula dan orang ramai bole! meng!ubungi mereka jika mempunai ba!an

elektrik ang tidak digunakan lagi+ katana$

'enda!ari KC') )lbert *ee memberita!u+ jumla! sisa buangan elektronik ang dikumpulkan dalam masa seta!un dianggarkan

seberat lima !ingga enam tan+ di bandar raa ini sa!aja$

%anakala di bandar lain ang turut giat mengumpul sisa barangan itu seperti Sibu dan %iri memperole!i lebi! 12 tan seta!un$

,0i!ak berkuasa tempatan (0'3 memberi sokongan padu dalam kempen ini mala! %'KS menediakan satu kawasan k!as untuk

mengumpul e-Waste+ begitu juga 0'3 di Sibu dan 'intulu$

,&i sini+ kita akan meng!antar e-Waste ke pusat kitar semula di mana mereka akan mengendalikanna dengan "ekap+ katana+

'eliau memberita!u+ KC') komited untuk menjadi sebua! organisasi alam sekitar dan memandangkan a!li-a!lina adala! pembeka

peralatan dan perk!idmatan elektronik+ persatuan itu mempunai kewajipan untuk menediakan pengguna dengan saluran melupuskan

barang-barang elektronik dengan selamat$

4rang ramai bole! mula mengemas pejabat+ kedai-kedai dan ruma!-ruma! dan dijangka akan ada banak barangan rosak seperti

komputer dan pelbagai peralatan elektronik$

0rojek tersebut bertujuan untuk meng!alang sisa elektronik+ ada ang dalam sai5 besar dibuang ke dalam tong sampa! domestik atau

tapak awam ang akan men"emarkan dan mengisi tapak pelupusan di masa akan datang$

&i!arapkan tindakan ang diambil sedikit sebanak membantu mengurangkan pelepasan gas ruma! !ijau+ elemen ang menebabkan

pemanasan global$


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Produk Yang Ditawarkan

$enjual pelbagai jenis barangan seperti alat permainan,alat perhiasan dan produk lain berasaskan botol plastikyang dikitar semula

Sasaran Pasaran

S0 telah meletakkan sasaran untuk memperolehi pelanggan tetap dari sekitar Sibu dan daerah-daerah berdekatan.

S0 juga sasarkan kepada penduduk awam di sekitar kawasan Sarawak

Saiz Pasaran

5okasi perniagaan berhampiran kawasan dengan kawasan penempatan penduduk, sekolah rendah dan menengah

serta di I%S.

S0 akan menyasarkan untuk mempunyai lebih kurang !,111 hingga !,11 pelanggan di sekitar kawasan

perniagaan

Posted inUncategorized |Leave a comment

RANCANGAN PENTADBIRAN

Posted onApril 1, !1"#$ spartaenter

Visi

$enjadi sebuah perniagaan yang dikenali serta tumpuan komuniti setempat di 6egeri Sarawak serta pengedar

barangan berasaskan botol plastik ke seluruh $alaysia

Misi

$enambah beberapa lagi premis perniagaan di kawasan-kawasan yang berpotensi.

$eningkatkan penjualan dengan skala jualan yang lebih besar.

$enjadi pengedar dan pembekal untuk perniaga-peniaga kecil sekitar kawasan Sarawak.

$emperluaskan perniagaan di rangkaian internet pada masa hadapan.
https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/rancangan-pemasaran/#respondhttps://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/rancangan-pentadbiran/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/rancangan-pentadbiran/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/author/spartaenter/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/rancangan-pemasaran/#respondhttps://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/rancangan-pentadbiran/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/rancangan-pentadbiran/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/author/spartaenter/


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Alamat85ot !!(1 5orong Durian, aman $uhibbah Indah, :;(11 4anowit.

>+6ama8Sandra $iyas anak Sandom

Alamat8"umah Dinnis #atu !> 3alan 43D :;111 Sibu Sarawak

Posted inUncategorized |Leave a comment

PENGENALAN

Posted on%arch "!, !1"#$spartaenter

Sparta 0nterprise *S0+ merupakan sebuah syarikat #umiputera yang telah dida=tarkan di Suruhanjaya Syarikat

$alaysia *SS$+ pada ( ?ebruari 1!. $erupakan sebuah perniagaan hasil garapan empat orang individu yang

tidak mengenal putus asa dan sentiasa mengembangkan perniagaan serta menyahut cabaran untuk menjadi

usahawan yang berjaya pada suatu hari nanti. Syarikat ini secara rasminya akan beroperasi pada 3anuari 1!>.

Sparta 0nterprise *S0+ menyediakan produk inovati= iaitu barangan kra=tangan daripada bahan kitar semula

%roduk ini adalah untuk kegunaan perhiasan rumah, malahan untuk keperluan seharian bagi semua golongan

pengguna. Sparta 0nterprise *S0+ bakal memulakan perniagaan dengan menyewa sebuah premis perniagaan

dengan bermodalkan sumbangan daripada ahli-ahli rakan kongsi dalam bentuk kewangan, aset, kemahiran

pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan juga semangat keusahawanan yang tinggi.

#ukan itu saja dalam kertas cadangan Sparta 0nterprise juga menyediakan 'arta Bantt *5ampiran !+. Sparta

0nterprise *S0+ akan terus mengorak langkah untuk memastikan perniagaan ini menjadi tumpuan di kalangan

masyarakat setempat dan penduduk di negeri Sarawak. 4emunculan Sparta 0nterprise *S0+ juga akan sentiasa

mengambil peluang dengan menawarkan produk yang memenuhi keperluan dan kehendak pengguna di semua

lapisan masyarakat.

%emulakan Perniagaan &itar Semula: &itar Semula %em#uat

'ang

Anda boleh merasa baik tentang memulakan perniagaan kitar semula kerana anda akan membantu alam sekitar.Kitar semula telah

menjadi satu isu yang penting dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini.Banyak bandar tersebut memerlukan orang mengasingkan sampah

mereka ke dalam kertas, plastik, botol dan tin aluminium.Antara barang-barang ini boleh mengambil beberapa tahun untuk mengurai d

tapak sampah.Oleh itu, ia boleh menjadi satu isu alam sekitar yang utama.Banyak haiwan dan burung telah meninggal dunia daripada

tertelan sampah yang telah dibuang dalam tasik atau di tempat terbuka.

Ia boleh menjadi agak mudah untuk memulakan perniagaan kitar semula.Anda boleh mulakan dengan kertas;ini mungkin yang paling

banyak dari semua produk kitar semula dan boleh mudah dijual dengan wang tunai.Botol dan tin juga boleh ditukar dengan wang

tunai.Berikut adalah cara untuk memulakan:

Pertama, anda perlu untuk mencetak beberapa risalah dan mula bertanya jiran untuk menyelamatkan akhbar mereka digunak
https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/latar-belakang-perniagaan/#respondhttps://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/pengenalan/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/pengenalan/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/author/spartaenter/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/latar-belakang-perniagaan/#respondhttps://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/pengenalan/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/pengenalan/https://spartaenterprise.wordpress.com/author/spartaenter/


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risalah pada komputer anda dan mencetak mereka di sebuah kedai cetak tempatan.Anda boleh menyimpan wang dengan

mencetak dalam jumlah yang besar.

Pastikan anda menetapkan masa setiap minggu untuk mengambil kertas.Maklumat ini hendaklah di atas flyer itu.Ia terpulang

kepada anda untuk berapa banyak yang anda ingin mendapatkan.Anda boleh menutup beberapa jalan-jalan atau mengupah

orang lain untuk menutup beberapa blok atau lebih, tetapi mula kecil sehingga anda belajar perniagaan.

Anda perlu mencari beberapa kotak murah tetapi kukuh untuk jiran-jiran untuk mendepositkan kertas mereka.Mereka akan

melakukan ini setiap hari, sehingga membuat ia mudah untuk mereka.Labelkan tempat juga.

Apabila anda mula mengumpul kertas yang anda akan meletakkan ke dalam kereta anda atau lori.Jika anda meliputi kawasan

yang besar, lori akan menjadi pilihan yang lebih baik.Anda mungkin perlu secara berkala mengambil kertas kembali ke rumah

anda sebelum menyelesaikan pekerjaan hari anda.Setelah anda mengosongkan kertas ke dalam batang kereta anda atau lori

anda akan meninggalkan kotak kosong dengan jiran.

Ulangi proses ini setiap minggu.Wilayah yang lebih besar akan mengambil masa yang lama untuk membuat liputan.Ia akan

terpulang kepada anda untuk menentukan berapa banyak rumah-rumah anda boleh meliputi setiap hari.

Akhirnya, anda akan mengambil semua kertas anda ke pusat kitar semula dan dibayar tunai sebagai balasan.Pusat kitar

semula adalah mudah untuk mencari dalam talian.Mencari pusat yang terletak berhampiran dengan anda, tetapi mendapatkan

sebut harga terlebih dahulu daripada syarikat-syarikat ini untuk menentukan siapa yang membayar yang paling.

Setelah anda membuat bernilai beberapa bulan 'pusingan, anda mungkin mahu mendaftar untuk beberapa kursus perniagaan

online untuk belajar bagaimana untuk mula mempromosikan syarikat anda kepada khalayak yang lebih luas.

(ara &itar Semula Sisa %in$ak

Automobiles seperti bas, kereta dan trak semua memerlukan rutin perubahan minyak pelincir.Sejak pencemaran boleh berlaku pada

bila-bila masa, minyak anda akan menjadi tidak sesuai untuk kegunaan asalnya dan akhirnya akan bertukar menjadi sisa

minyak.Minyak sisa boleh dilupuskan dalam banyak cara, tetapi jika anda melupuskannya dengan cara yang salah maka ia akan

menyebabkan air, tanah dan pencemaran pengangkutan.Minyak sisa mendapat kotor, tetapi ia masih boleh dibersihkan dan dikitar

semula.Kitar semula sisa minyak merupakan pilihan yang bijak, dan jika anda ingin mengetahui cara untuk mengitar semula sisa

minyak, jadi di sini adalah beberapa tips mengenai cara untuk melakukannya:

1. minyak terpakai tidak boleh dibuang.Ia masih boleh dibersihkan dan dikitar semula.Kitar semula 2-3 gelen minyak digunakan

kemudian menggunakannya untuk mengeluarkan tenaga elektrik di rumah anda selama dua puluh empat jam.

2. Jika anda tahu bagaimana untuk mengitar semula minyak yang digunakan maka and

toksin seperti plumbum dan rebus dengan sendiri.Kemudian selepas proses anda boleh menggunakan minyak kitar semula

untuk menjalankan perniagaan.Pastikan anda mematuhi langkah-langkah keselamatan sebelum melakukan prosedur kita

semula.Jika anda mempunyai keraguan, minta seseorang yang mampu melakukannya.

3. Simpan tanah dan air dengan mengitar semula minyak yang digunakan.Jangan buang minyak yang digunakan di dalam

tanah.Jika anda tidak tahu bagaimana untuk mengitar semula, kemudian hanya meletakkannya di dalam bekas yang tertutup

dan membawanya ke membuang tangki simpanan minyak atau pusat sisa minyak.Pusat sisa minyak mempunyai peralatan

yang sesuai untuk mengitar semula sisa minyak itu.


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4. Jika anda ingin sisa minyak itu dipindahkan dari rumah anda, biarkan sisa minyak koleksi agensi atau kilang kitar semula

minyak mendapatkannya daripada anda.Sebahagian besar agensi-agensi pengutipan sisa kitar semula sisa minyak dan

menggunakannya sebagai komponen bahan api alternatif seperti biodiesel untuk kenderaan.

5. Sisa penyingkiran minyak mungkin dengan bantuan prosedur saintifik.Mencari agensi sisa minyak yang melaksanakan ini jenis

pekerjaan.

6. Ketahui bagaimana minyak semula ditapis dihasilkan daripada kitar semula sisa minyak.Menggunakan minyak semula

bertapis adalah sama seperti menggunakan minyak dara.

7. Belajar bagaimana untuk mengumpul dan menyediakan minyak yang digunakan untuk prosedur kitar semula minyak.Kita

semula minyak yang digunakan adalah mudah, walaupun anda perlu lebih berhati-hati apabila menguruskan dan

menghasilkan sisa minyak untuk prosedur kitar semula.Pastikan untuk membaca garis panduan dengan teliti sebelum

melaksanakan prosedur kitar semula untuk mengelakkan tumpahan minyak atau pencemaran dengan produk-produk lain yang

berpotensi boleh membahayakan diri sendiri dan alam sekitar.

minyak kitar semula masih boleh digunakan sebagai minyak hidraulik, minyak pembakar perindustrian atau diperhalusi semula kembal

kepada minyak pelincir.Minyak terpakai dilupuskan dengan cara yang salah boleh membawa kepada masalah alam sekitar yang

serius.Jika anda tidak tahu bagaimana untuk mengitar semula minyak yang digunakan, kemudian membawanya ke pusat kitar semula

minyak yang terdekat.Pusat kitar semula minyak mempunyai kemudahan dan peralatan yang betul seperti pam yang boleh membua

kitar semula minyak lebih mudah, lebih selamat dan lebih cepat.

Textile Recycling Information Sheet

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