Texte Jurnalism

newspaperVerb + newspaperbuy a newspaperread a newspaperglance through a newspaperrecycle your newspapers(stories) are reported in a(local / national) newspaper

Common expressionswork as a (journalist) on anewsPaPersell your story to anewsPaPerfinish with the newspaperread something in thenewsPaPers

Noun + of+ newspapera copy of (today's) newspaperthe front / back page of thenewsPaPerthe (business, sports) sectionofthe newspapera sheet of newspaper

t. Verb + newspaperComplete these sentences with the correct form of the obove verbs:l. I try not to put newspapers and empty bottles in the rubbish bin. I think it! much befter to

... . them.2. lonly hadtimeto...........through the newspaper before lleftforwork. ldidn't havetime

to read it properly.3. l've stopped...........a daily newspaper because lneverseem tofind thetimeto

...........it!4. The story about the Princet car accident was . . . . in lhe limes and all the other

national papers.Common expressions

Complete the sentences with the corect preposition:L Maria, have you finished . . . the newspaper yet?2. The footballer's ex-girlfriend made a fortune selling her story . . . the newspapers.3. I dont believe everything I read . . . the newspapers.4. He's now the editor of the Daily Moil, but he began his career as a journalist

a local newspaper in Wales.Noun + of + newspaper

Match the holves:l. The Queen's picture is on a. the business section of the newspaper.2. The sports news is usually on b. sheets of newspaper on the floor.3. You'll find todayl exchange rates in c. the front pages of all the newspapers today.4. Before I started painting the room I put d. a copy of yesterdayt newspaperl5. Have you got e. the back pages of the newspaper.l. We say something is published lis reported I oppeors in a newspaper:

lvon\ story wos published I wos reported in the local paper.The story first oppeored in our locol poper.

2. Note these expressions:ftlost newspopers ore now ovoiloble online.Whot do the popers say about the worT

3. Note these different kinds of newspaper:

2.

3.

Notes

o daily newspopertoday's newspopero quolity newspoper

on evening newspapero notionol newspopero populor newspaper

a Sunday newspapera locol newspopero tobloid newspoper

o right-wing newspoper4. The following are ways of talking about the politics of a newspaper:

o left-wing newspoper an independent newspoper

162 Key Words for Fluency -

pre-intermediate

maSaztneVerb + magazineread a magazinebuy a magazinesubscribe to a magazinewrite for a magazinethe magazine is aimed at(young people)a magazine publishes (stories,pictures)

L

Noun * of + magazinethe editor of a magazinean issue of a magazinea range of magazinesthe readers of a magazinethe front / back cover of amagazine

Common expressionsleaf through a magazineadvertise something in a ...an article about /on (dieting)in the ...the ... gives (information)women's magazinesmonthly magazine

l. Verb + magazineComplete these sentences with the correct form ofthe obove verbs:l. I ..........several magazines to ..........on the train.2. Monjo is a popular music magazine which is .... . . . .. . at teenagers.3. The film star, Brad Wartz, was very angry when Goodbye magazine . . pictures of him

at a private party in LA.4. l'm a freelance journalist. I ..........for a number of different fashion magazines.5. I . .. to several monthly magazines. ltt much cheaper than buying the magazine every

month from a shop.

2. Noun + of + magazineComplete the sentences with the oboye nouns:l. Our local newsagent stocks a wide . . of magazines.2. This month Kylie Minogue is featured on the front ... of Vogue magazine.3. ln his lastlob,Henrywas the..........of a popular ment magazine.4. Have you read the current . . . ol Time magazine? lt's got a good article on China.5. You can buy the Pavarotti DVD at half price.This special offer is only open to the

of this magazine.

3. Common expressions:Match the holves:l. The free magazine from the bank gives2. She lay on the sofa,3. The women's magazines4. The perfume has been advertised in5. There's an interesting article

are all on the middle shelf over there.all the popular women's magazines.lots of useful hints on how to save money.on Bill Clinton in this month's Hello magazine.leafing through fashion magazines.

Magazines and newspapers sometimes have supplements -

separate sections on one topic:Iheret o greot property supplement in The Scotsman onThursdoys.Ihe sports supplement in Sunday'sTelegraph wos reolly interesdng.The Times hos o really interesting supplement on holidoys todoy.

a.

b.c.

d.e.

"There's nothing to reod in them! I just leofthrough them to see whott in foshion!"

Note

Key Words for Fluency -

Pre-intermediate 163

English Vocobulory Orgoniser rhe medro

5l Television1 Basic vocabularyUse these words in the sentences below:

chrrnnel u'irlcs.rcerr r.:nr()te controlportrrblc T-Vv r cleo

acna l

scre crl

rlishl)\'l)rccorc'ler crrblcrul.r.r'il,tion |J) Pt'r' r it'rr

1. Although televisior-r was invented in 1924television sets really only became widelyavailable in the 1950's. \7hen you see oneof those early sets, the first thing younotice is how small the. . . . . . . . is.

2. One of the most recent developments is the. . which allows you to see films

in a way which conventional sets didn't.3. A . is usually a small one

which you can move from room to room oreven take with you in your caravan.

4. . . . .. . . . developed using various differentformats including VHS and PAL. \X/ith theadvent of digital television, it won't be longbefore most people replace their old systemwith a state-of-the-art . . .

5. You can't buy a television or video todaywithouta.... Youneverneed to move from your sofa.

6. If you've got. . . . . . . television, you nolonger need an . . on your roof, butif you want satellite television, then youneed a

7. You have to pay a monthly. . . . . . . . .charge if you've got cable or satellite.

8..... ... iswhenyoupaya one-offcharge to watch a particular programme.

9.Every cable package comes with at least oneshopping

ln the UK there is still a distinction betweenl'trltlic SerL'ice lSroaLlc,tstittg

- mostly the BBC

-

and the cotttmert'i"tl st,ttiorts such as ITV andCbannel 4. The BBC is publicly fwnded.Eueryone uho owns a teleuision set must pay anannual licanr-e l'ct,. Commercial TV is funded bythe income from aduertising.

108

2 Kinds of TV programmeLook at these different kinds of programme andthe programme guide below. Write the time eachkind of programme is on:1. wildlife documentary . . . .2. soap opera3. cartoon4. comedy5. current affairs6. chat show7. costume drama8. game show

4.30: DisneytimeMore adventures with Mickey Mouse.

5.15: The Hidden PlanetMeet our closest living relatives

- the

chimpanzees.

6.15: Pride and PrejudiceThe final episode of the Jane Austen novel.

7.30: Coronation StreetJoyce continues to search for her long-lostsister and Des gets a big surprise.

8.00: Who Wants to be a Millionaire?The show in which hopeful contestants try towin the ultimate prize.

9.30: Michael ParkinsonInterviews with guests: singer Janet Jackson,footballer David Beckham and children'sauthor JK Rowling.

11.00: PanoramaAn investigation into why women are stillpaid less than men in many areas of business.

11.45: The fack Dee showMore jokes and hilarious sketches with thenorthern comedian.

'Which types of programme do you particularll,like watcbing?

3 Talking about programmesUse these words in the sentences below:

series interview programme episodeserial guesrs repeats highlights

1. I7hat are you doing later?> I'm staying in tonight. There's a . . . . . . . .on that I really want to watch.

2. Is there anything worth watching on the tellytonight?> No, it's all. . . . . . . . again. Why can'ttheymake some new programmes for a change?

3. So, why do you want to watch thisprogramme so much?> They're going to do an. . . . . . . . withBrad Pitt about his new film.

4.I really don't like chat shows very much.> No, nor do I. The . . only come onto sell their latest film or their new book.

5. Is the Chelsea match on live tonight?> No, they're just showing thelater in the evening.

6.I really miss 'Friends' now that it's noton. I used to watch it every week.> Well, you don't need to worry. There's anew . . starting next month.

7. Have you seen they've made Oliver TwistintoaTV........ ?> Yes, it's on every Sunday for the nexttwelve weeks

- the first . . is this

Sunday.

A series has the same characters, but a differentstory in each episode. A serial is one long storydiuided into seueral episodes.Telly is an informal word for teleuision, used inspoken English.

The medio English Vocobulory Orgoniser

4 Talking about televisionComplete the dialogues using these words:

contestants adverts presenterchannel viewers live

1. I want to record the MTV awards tonight.Could you set the video for me before we goout?> Yes, of course. '!7hich . . is it on?

2. Did you see that film on TV last night? Itwas so violent.> Yes, apparently thousands ofphoned in to complain.

3. Do you think the match will be on TV later?> Yes, of course. It's being shownon BBC1.

4. How many more times are they going tointerrupt this film?> You're right. That's the fourth lot of

. . already.5. Did you see that new music show on TV last

night? It was good, wasn't it?> Yes, it was OK but I didn't like the

. . very much. They should've gotsomeone younger.

6.Have you seen that new game show onFriday night? It's really funny.> Is that the one where they push the

. . . . . into a swimming pool if theygive the wrong answers?

Broadcast is a more formal uerb than sbou -"The Olympics are broadcast liue by satellite allouer the world." lt can also be used as a noun:a news / liue / outside broadcast.

Add your own words and expressions

r09

English Vocobulory Orgoniser The medio

52 Newspopers1 Kinds of newspaperMatch the newspapers with the definitions:

3 People working for newspapersMatch the beginnings of the sentences with theendings below:

1. A reporter2. The editor3. A correspondent

a. decides what goes in a newspaper ormagazine.

b. finds interesting news stories and writesabout them.

c. owns the newspaper.d. writes a regular column in a newspaper or

magazine.e. sends reports from a particular part of the

world or about a particular subject.A journalist is anybody who writes or reportsnews either for a newspaper or teleuision.

1. national paper2. local paper

4. broadsheet5. tabloid

3. dailv papera. a paper that you can buy every morningb. a paper that's sold throughout the countryc. a paper produced in one townd. a serious paper that reports world eventse. a paper containing sensational stories about

the private lives of rich and famous peopleTabloid and broadsheet refer to the size of thenewspaper

- tabloids are smaller than

broadsheets. Howeuer, when we talk abouttabloids and broadsheets, we are really talkingabout tbe content.The Press means newspapers and iowrnalists:"The Press seems to haue turned against theGouernment recently."

2 Parts of the paperlf you were reading a newspaper in English, which part of the paper would you look in if you wantedto find out about the following?1. the football results2. what has been happening in the Middle East NEWSAND FEATURES

2-4 Home news5-6 Foreign news24-25 Business and money news26-30 Sports newsREGULAR FEATURES7-lO Health, Fashion, foodll-12 Reviews13 Editorial and readers'letters14-15 Obituaries16-22 Classified23 Personal

3. a big fire in York4. what readers think5. the paper's opinion about something in the news6. a new job7. what is on at the theatre tonight8. where to invest your money9. the life of a famous actor who has just died

4. A colun-rnist5. The proprietor

TV and entertainment guideWeather forecast

3132

10. the temperature in Tenerife

1 1. finding a new partner

1.2.what a newly published book is like

il0

4 Talking about newspapersUse these words to complete the sentences below:

front page headlines privacycirculations supplement article

1. Did you see that really interestingabout India in the paper last Sunday?

2. Have you watched the news today?Somebody broke into the Queen's bedroom.> No, but I'm sure it'll be on theof all tomorrow's papers. I can see the

. . already!3. The tabloids are full of absolute rubbish.

> I know. I'm amazed they have such big

claimed appealed

4. I feel sorry for these film stars. Reportersseem to follow them everywhere.> No, they don't get much . , do they?

5. I love the Sunday papers. There are so manysections and usually a colour . . too.

5 Headline wordsCeftain words are used frequently in headlines. Match the six words in green with their definitions. Thenuse them to complete the headlines.


6 Verbs in newspaper reportsUse these common newspaper verbs below:

described announced demanded

1. Pensioner Sam Macdonald . . how hisattackers laughed as they stole his money.

2. Police in Brighton have . . . . . . . . forwitnesses after a man was attacked in thetown centre late last night.

3. Angry friends and relatives have . .an inquiry after a man died in police custodyyesterday.

4. 500 new jobs will be created in the HealthService, the Government . . . . . . . . yesterday.

5. Nobody has . . . . . . . . responsibility for thebomb which exploded in central Londonyesterday.

4. tragedy d. a situation full of fear5. scare e. an argument or disagreement6. row f. a very sad situation

1. hits2. quits3. backs

a. supportsb. has a bad effectc. leaves a job

DIRBCTORPhilip Bosman has resignedfrom his f150,000 job atPresco Ltd after the companyannounced a loss of f2 millionin its annual report.

PRIME MINISTBR.... PLAN

The Prime Minister has givenhis support to a plan whichaims to reduce the number ofyoung smokers.

PLANEA pilot and his two passengerswere killed yesterday when theplane they were flying incrashed as it was landing.

STRIKETRAVELLERSThousands of travellers spentthe night at Heathrow Airportafter cabin crew and groundstaff went on strike overworking conditions.

FESTIVALThere were angry scenes at ameeting last night betweenorganisers of a music festivaland local residents who do notwant it to take place.

BOMBPolice were called to adepartment store in OxfordStreet after a caller claimed tohave planted a bomb.


llt

English Vocobulory Orgoniser The medio

53 Advertising1 Basic vocabularyMatch the words with their meanings:

a commercial a leafleta poster classified ads

1. a large sheet of paper advertising something,for example, a play, a film or a concert.

2. a small piece of paper used for door-to-dooradvertising.

3. small adverts placed by private individuals ina newspaper.

4. aTY or radio advert.

2 Talking about advertisingUse these words to complete the sentences:

influence publicity

3 Advertising verbsChoose the correct ending for each of thefollowing:1. Oasis are doing a tour to promote2. I think it's a brilliant advert. It really grabs3. Advertisers know that shoppers will always

compare4. Advertisers are experts at persuading people5. They really want to sell this product. They've

just launched6. The tobacco industry has been trying very

hard to improve7. At the moment British Airways are advertising8.'We're trying to reacha. to spend their money.b. a huge advertising campaign.c. the under-1S market.d. two flights for the price of one.

most likely product on the right in the two groupsbelow:

brandhyp.

sponsoragencyslogan

competitors logo

> Of course they do! Advertising has a huge e. their new album.. . on all the choices we make. f. your attention.

2. Advertisers like to think of a clever g. one product with another.to make people remember their product. For h. its image.example, Coca Cola's is 'It's the real thing.'

3. Nike aregoingto........ thenextWorld 4 lmage adjeCtiveSCup. All the players will have to wear theNike . . on their shirts. The adjectives below are often used to describe

4. what . . or cigarette do you smoke? ll:.'fli:;fftfj::[liil,'"J:,t?""ffit;',t;ln3

1. Do people really buy things just becausethey've seen them advertised on TV?

5. Most companies spend a lot of money onadvertising. It's the only way they can stayahead of their . .

6. My sister's just got a job working for anadvertising ....inLondon.

7. Did you see Jodie Foster on that chat showlast night? She was really good.> She's been on all the shows this week. It'sall just . . for her new film.

1. macho2. family3. feminine4. healthyNow do the same with these:

7. hi-tech

5. trendy8. You went to see Spielberg's new film at the 6. exotic

a. breakfast cerealb. holidayc. after shaved. perfume

e. tropical fruit juicef. music systemg. carh. clothes shop

weekend, didn't you? 'What was it like?> Well, considering all the. . . . . . . ., I 8. reliablethought it was a bit disappointing. ls there an aduert on TV at the moment that you

We use hype wben we think the aduertising is really like? What's it for?exaggerated.

112

What's the funniest aduert you'ue euer seen?

5 Promoting productsAdvertisers can promote products in differentways. Use these words to make compound nouns:

tolrr offer gifts deal loyaltya. specialb. sponsorshipc. freed. brande. promotionalNow use the expressions in the following:1. You don't normally buy this coffee.

>No,buttheyhada..... . . at the supermarket

- two jars

for the price of one.2. Did you see that Pulp are playing at the

Odeon next month?> Yes, they're on a

3. David Beckham has just signed a new. . . with Adidas. It's

worth more than a million pounds a year.4. The kids always want me to buy this cereal

so they can get the . . .inside!

5. Tobacco companies like to catch people


Make five more two-word phrases using theseWOTdS:

magazlnesf. competitiveg. glossyh. brandi. sellingj. mail

shot names points prices

Now use the expressions in the following:6. Silk Cut and Johnnie \Walker are common

.....: .thateverybodyrecognlses.

7. I see that Audi have just launched a newmodel.> Yes, they've starred a huge advertisingcampaign. There are ads in all the papersand.. ...-andTVcommercials every five minutes!

8. 'We like to think that we offer qualityproductsat....

9. The fact that this car is so economical is oneof its major

10.If you get a reply rate of 1.0%" for a. . . . . . .young. Theyknowthemeaningof . . .. .. . . . .., rhat's good. 15% isthought.........! to be excellent.20yo is brilliant.

-\\a.\-il'

-\t/4rL,

n,t\t,

c hl-)---\\

/)

/)

WoolD YouuKt To b0?-

-I[6 GUN?


I3

English Vocobulory Orgoniser Educotion ond work

70 Jobs

1. I',m

2. I work for3. I work in

1 Asking about someone's jobTwo common questions to ask about someone'sjob are:

What do you do?or \Xlhat do you do for a liuing!You start your answer by explaining the generalarea in wbich you work. For example:

I work in the tourist industry.Match the beginnings of the sentences with thegroups of endings below:

2 Areas of workMatch the description with the area of work:1. You work for a big department store.2. You deal with insurance, pensions, loans, etc.3. You work for an advertising agency.4. You're responsible for a company's sales

strategy.5. You work with computers and tele-

communications.6. You deal with your company's clients.a. l'm in IT.b. I'm in marketing.c. I'm in financial services.d. I'm in customer services.e. I'm in retail.f. I'm in advertising.

3 Office jobsMatch the job description with the position:1. The person who welcomes visitors and deals

with their enquiries.2. The person who deals with any problems

with the staff.3. The person who does general jobs in an

office.4. The person who assists the managing

director.a. admin assistant c. recepti()nistb. personnel manager d. PA (personal assistant)

4 Factory jobsMatch the job description with the position:1. (S)he is responsible for selling the goods.2. (S)he is responsible for making the goods.3. (S)he is responsible for testing samples as

the goods are produced.4. (S)he is in charge of a team of workers.5. The boss!a. quality controllerb. managing directorc. supervisord. sales managere. production manager

a. an (oil) company.a firm of accountants.IBM.

b. advertising.the (financial) sector.the (fashion) industry.

c. a consultant with a(software company).

in the (catering) industry.self-employed.

If you are talking about someone else and youdon't know exactly what they do, you can say:

Sbe's some kind of financial aduiser.Sbe's something to do Luitb newspapers.

Here are some more words you can use utithcompctny or industrl,:

publisbingteleuisioninsurance

I utork for a(n) pbarmaceutical cornpany.computerengineeringelectronics

I worh in the

trauelbankingmotorconstruction industry.oilfilmtourist

146

5 Skilled manual jobsMatch the following definitions with the jobs:1. They build the walls of houses.2.They install and repair pipes.3. They work with wood.4. They repair cars.5. They install wiring and sockets.a. mechanicsb. electricirrnsc. carpenters or joiners

d. plurnberse. bricklayers

6 The professionsCertain traditional iobs are professiotts: themedical profession, the legal profession, thenursing profession and the teaching profession.Match these jobs with the definitions:1. Teachers a. treat sick animals.2. Doctors b. perform operations in hospital.3. Dentists c. help look after patients.4. Barristers d. deal with routine legal work.5. Solicitors e. look after your teeth.6. Nurses f. present criminal cases in court.7. Vets g. treat patients at their surgery.8. Surgeons h. give children an education.Lclw)ter is a general word for both solicitors andbarristers. ln Britain only a barristcr is allowedto ttddress the court in the most importantcourts.

7 The emergency and armed servicesUse these words in the sentences below:

firefighter police officcrsoldier paramcdic

1. John's a . . . .. . in the Royal Navy.2. He's a . . . .. . in the fire brigade.

pilotsir ilor

3. He's a . . . .. . in the ambulance service.4. I'm joiningthe armyto become a . . . . . . .5. My father was a . . . .. . in the air force.6. He's a senior

Educotion ond work English Vocobulory Orgoniser

8 Two-word jobsMatch a word on the left with a word on the right tomake the name of a job:

1. lorry2. shop3. window4. bank5. driving

Do the same with these:6. taxi7. traffic8. security9. social

10. estate

a. cleanerb. instructorc. assistantd. clerke. driver

f. workerg. guardh. wardeni. agentj. driver

Use your dictionary if necessary then translateeach of the jobs into your own language.

9 Other jobsMatch the words with the pictures:

chei p()stnrrln photographcrhairdresser u,rritcr archirecr


147

English Vocobulory Orgoniser Educot on ond work

71 Employment1 Looking for a jobUse the words below to complete the text:

cl u e lif icrr tion sa pplicatron

c\peilence secil()r1intcrvicu (.\'

I thought it would be quite easy to find a jobwhen I left school, but it's been really difficult.I look through the job (1) . . in the localpaper every week, but everybody seems to wantpeople with lots of (2) . . and I didn'tdo very well at school. I've sent my (3)to dozens of companies in the local area butnobody has got back to me. I must have filledin at least thirty (4) . . forms and I'veonly had one reply. I went for an (5) . . . . . . . .last week but it didn't go very well

- they said

they wanted someone with more (6) . . .but I've never had a job! Sometimes I wonder ifI'll ever find anything.ln the United States a (.\' is called a risrnrtt;.2 Applying for a job

- verbs

Use the correct form of these verbs to completethe sentences:

offcr scncl ir off finclgo ir.tto iill rn appli for

1. I left university six months ago and I stillhaven't . . a job. It's more difficultthan I thought it would be.

2.I've .. a part-time job. I hope Igetit-

it's four afternoons a week.3. I'm not really sure what I want to do when I

leave school. I might . . banking likemy Dad.

4.1've . . the application form and, so now I've just got to wait

until I hear from them.5. I can't believe it. They've . . me that

job in New York. They want me to start nextmonth.

Wben you apply for a 'job, the employer mightask for rcf'crcrrct's from people who know you,particularly a preuious employer. The personwbo writes yowr reference is called a rcf-crcc.

148

3 Job adveftisementsUse these words to complete the adverts:

sa I rt rr'

te rlr p() r11 r\trrrining

c\pcnenccrll tc slcave

applicant applrfeq u r rcs p( )\lrt( )n

CleanerLocal hotel . cleaner Monday-Friday, 9am- lpm. Good. . . . . . . .ofpay. Tel: 01345 876545AccountsFull-time . . in busy car hirecompany. To start immediately.Computer skills essentialaccording to age and experience.Phone Busby's on01267 435 985.Sales AssistantThe successful . . . . . . . . must behard-working, responsible and honest.Previous . . an advantage butfull. . .. . . . . willbe given.to: Mr P Dale, Tel. 01274 768231.Nurse

. position for three months toreplace nurse on maternity

Your atttttral -s,r/,rn' is tbe total amount you are

paid ouer a year..S.rLrri t'-< are paid monthly; if youare paid daily or weekly you gct r,7s('-s.

Sacked!

4 Personal qualitiesMark the sentences P (positive) or N (negative):1. She's verv ar.nbitious. I'm sure she'll be very

successful one day.2. He isn'r verv relirrble. He takes a day off sick

every two weeks.3. She's a bit lazv. She doesn't do anything if she

doesn't have to.4. He's cxtrenrelv conscienti


72 Working life1 Working conditionsRead the sentences and then put the phrases ingreen into the correct list below:

1. I work very long hours.2. It isn't very well-paid.3. I get a company car.4.lget six weeks'paid holiday.5. They've got a good pension scheme.5. I'm on a pretty good salary.7. I'm hoping to get promoted next year.8. I can do overtime if I like.9. You can work your way up quite quickly.

10. They run a system of flexi-time.11. I get a regular pay rise.1.2.1 get private health insurance.13. They've said I can go part-time after I've

had my baby.14. I'm taking a few days off next week. The

kids are off school.15. I'm ambitious. I want to move up the career

ladder.16. They give us a bonus at Christmas.

Money Hours

Benefits / Perks Promotion

Holiday

Benefits are extras yow get from your employerin addition to your salary. Perks is an informalword for benefits - " A company car is one of theperks of tbe job."150

2 Talking about your iobThese sentences describe what you like or dislikeabout your job. Match the beginnings and endings:1. I hate having to attend2. I love meeting3. I wish I didn't have to do4. I run my own business. I really enjoy being5. I hate having to deal with6.I get on really well witha. so much boring paperwork.b. my own boss.c. new people.d. difficult customers.e. so many meetings.f. all of my colleagues except one.If you own your own bwsiness, you are self-employed. You can also say, "l'm my otun boss."

3 Describing your iobDecide whether the words in green express apositive (P)or negative (N) idea:1. My job's so boring. It's the same thing day

after day.2. It's so repetitive. I just sit there all day filling

in forms.3. It's very satisfying to know that you've helped

somebody through their exams.4. Knowing that I might have saved somebody's

life is very rewarding.5. I find it very challenging. It requires a lot of

concentration and determination.6. This job's so stressful. It's making me ill.7. I wish I could do something glamorous like

acting or modelling.8. It's a very friendly place to work. All the staff

were really helpful when I joined the firm acouple of months ago.

All of tbe people who work for a company arethe staff; the people who uork with you are yourcolleagues. You can refer to people in anotherdepartment as "Our marketing / finance /security people".

4 Job satisfactionHere are some things you might look for in a job.Match the beginnings and endings:1. I need to be doing2. I like to know that I'm helping3. It's important to feel that I'm4. I need to be given5. I don't want to be stuck6. I don't want to find myself doinga. part of a team.b. behind a desk all day.c. the same thing day in day out.d. something useful.e. responsibility.f. people.lf you work, tick (tZ)the statements tbat are truefor you in exercises 2, 3 and 4.

5 Problems at workUse these words to complete the news item below:

strike union low pay rejectedresigned increase demanded crisis

NURSING IN CRISISThe Government and nurses are no nearerreaching agreement over a new pay deal. TinaJenkins, leaderof the nurses'(l) . . . . . . . ., haswarned the Government that the union may call a24-hour (2) . . . . unless the Governmentimproves the ZVo pay (3) . . currently onoffer. Earlier this week nurses (4) . . . . . . . . theoffer and (5) . . . . . . . . an increase of atleast 5Vo.Mrs Jenkins said this afternoon that long hoursand (6) . . were forcing nurses out of theprofession. Last year alone, thousands of nurses(7) . . . from their jobs, leaving manyhospitals in a state of (8) .

Strike can be used as a uerb or with 'go':Teacbers baue uoted to strike.Miners haue uoted to go on strike.


6 Job or work?Complete the sentences with work or job:1. I'm a bit nervous. I'm starting a new . . . . . .

next week.2.lhear you're a lorry driver. I bet that's hard

, isn't it?3. I'm looking for part-time . . . . . . . A full-

time . . . . . . would be too much for me atthe moment.

4. I didn't really want to go back to . . . . . .after I had the baby.

5. I'm sorry, I can't stop now. I've got a lot of......todo.

6. Judging by the car he drives, I'd say he's gota pretty good .

7. I'm hoping to find some casual . . . . . . whileI'm at college

- working in a bar or a shop.

8. I want to do something a bit different. Iwouldn't like a regular nine-to-five . . . . . .

-What is the easy grammatical way to do thisexercise? Did you notice it?

7 Job or career?Complete the sentences with job or career:1. Jack started as the office junior. Now he's

MD. He's had a very successful2. I work in advertising. The pay's pretty good

but there isn't much security.3. I'd go mad if I had to do a dead-end . . . . . .

like working on a supermarket checkout.4. Ronaldo was the best footballer in the world

until a bad knee injury ended his . . . . . .5. Don't you think you should stop travelling

and get yourself a steady . . . . . . ?6. Janet's planning a . . . . . . in politics when

she leaves university.7.['d go back to teaching if I could find

someone to . . . . . .-share with.Wbat's more important to you

- money or iob

satisfaction?


t5t


7 4 Business1 Starting a new businessComplete the text below with these words:

capital competition planmarket facilityflow productsoverheads stock

A few years ago I decided to start my ownbusiness. I live by the sea and I love surfing, soIknewthatthere would be a (1) . . . . . . . . forsurfboards, wetsuits and all the otherequipment surfers need. There were alreadyother shops in the area selling similar(2) . . . so I knew there would be quitea lot of (3) . . . but I still thought Icould make a success of it.I had already built up a certain amount of(4) . . . . . . . . in my bank account but I knew Iwould need an overdraft (5) . . . . . . . ., so Iasked the bank what I needed to do. They toldme I neededto prepare a business (6) . . . . . . . .withadetailedcash(7) .. .Iwaspleasantly surprised that they immediatelyagreed to provide the overdraft.I deliberately opened my shop in May so Iknew (8) . . would be good, but whenyou start a business, the (9) . . are veryhigh as well. In addition to (10)rent, regular bills and so on

- you also have to

make quite a big (11) . . in computers,equipment and of course, (12) . .It's too early to say, but things seem to be goingOK. I'm keeping my fingers crossed!

1. !7e produce2.'We import3. \7e export4. \fle've just opened5. \[e've just launched6.'We're negotiating7. We do

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3 Different kinds of businessMatch the different types of business with thedefinitions below:

a. subsidiaryb. limited companyc. multinationald. parent companye. franchise

1. A very large company with offices in manydifferent countries.

2. A business that is owned by another largercompany.

3. A company which controls a smallercompany.

4. A company which sells its shares to thepublic.

5. A business which has a licence to use thename and sell the products or services of alarger company which provides support.

Now use these words to complete the sentences:private enterprise family firmshareholders branches directors

6. It's a small . . business. My brotherand I started it three years ago.

7.It's a huge company. They have . .in every major city.

8. The . . are the people who overseethe running of a company.

9. She works for a . . of solicitors.10. This Government believes in. . . . . . . ., so

they do a lot to help people starting newbusinesses.

lnvestmentexpensessales

After you'ue started your bwsiness, you then run 11. As a limited company we have ait, expand it, sell it and then retire! responsibility to our2 Verbs to describe a businessChoose the correct ending for each sentence:

a. most of our products to the States.b. a new range of skin-care products for men.c. a new branch in Singapore.d. all our parts from Germany.e. luxury goods, which are sold all over the world.f. the final details of the agreement tomorrow.g. a lot of business in the Far East.

4 Departments in a large companyMatch the departments with their area ofresponsibility:1. Accounts / Finance2. Personnel3. Sales and Marketing4. Research and Development (R6cD)5. Customer Services5. Public Relations (PR)a. selling the company's products or servicesb. developing new productsc. staff problems and recruirmenrd. the company's imagee. invoices, salaries, expenses and budgetsf. dealing with customers' enquiries and

complaints

5 How's business?Decide whether the following mean that a businessis going well (W) or badly (B):1. \7e've just had our end-of-year figures.

Profits are up on last year.2. January and February were quiet but bi.rsiness

has picked r-rp in the last three weeks.3. 'We're going through a bad patch but I'm sure

things will start to pick up soon.4. Business is pretty slack at the moment.5. Business is boomir-rg. Ifle sold more in the last

three months than in the whole of last year.6. If business continues like this, a lot of small

companies will go to the rvall.7. We are now the marke t leader in our field.8. rWe've just taken over one of our competitors.

\7e're expanding all the time.9. ApparentlS they've just gone bankrupt.If you go bankrupt, you are unable to pa1, 1,ourdebts and yowr creditors can force yow out ofbusiness. lt is tben uery difficwlt to start anotherbusiness.


6 FiguresOnly one of the expressions in green in eachexample is correct. Delete the wrong one.1. Companies shouldn't expect to make much

profit / do much profit in their first year ofbusiness. In fact they are probably doingquite well if they ger even / break even.

2. We made a hr.rge loss / got a huge loss in thefirst year. \7e seriously considered giving up.

3. The company's annual turnover / annualturnaround is over {2,000,000.

4. The budget / expenditure for this project is{12,000. 'We really musrn't go over that.

5. This month's sales figures / sales numbers area lot better but the year to date still doesn'tlook very good.

6. We have set ourselves more realistic salestargets / s:rles goals this year and we're oncourse to reach the target for the year by theend of November.

7. 'We've had a 7Y, increase / addition in salesso far this year.

8. Sales are up but costs are up too, so thebottom figure / bortom line is disappointing.

The bottom line (in a set of company accounts) isthe final profit or loss. "What's the bottom line?"is an idiom meaning, "Tell me what the ouerallresult will be withowt going into the details."

7 TrendsWhen numbers change, we usually talk about a riseor fall with an adjective to describe the change. Forexample, "We anticipate a slight rise in costs."Match the adjectives with the definitions:1. a slight fall a. very quick2. a steadv rise b. large and sudden3. a sharp drop c. changing slowly4. a dramatic fall d. small5. a marginal increase e. extremely small


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