Texas to Statehood

Independence Texas gains its independence June of 1836

with the Treaties of Velasco

Leadership The republic of Texas had 3 presidents: Sam

Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, & Anson Jones

Sam Houston First administration 1836-

1838 Focused on forming

government, dealing with debt, the army, conflict with Native Americans & Mexico, and selecting a capital.

Dismissed army because of cost & bad relationship. Replaces them with Texas Rangers- used to fight Native Americans & Mexican soldiers.

Signed treaty with Chief Bowles, Cherokee Chief

Mirabeau B. Lamar 2nd president of republic

from 1838- 1841 Did not agree with

Houston’s policies Focused on pushing

Native Americans further west, education, & new capital (Austin).

Doubled public debt because of Indian wars & increased inflation

Council House Fight March 19, 1840 a

group of Comanche leaders agree to meet in San Antonio & surrender all Anglo captives

Delivered one: Matilda Lockhart

Texans were angry & attacked Comanche ; 7 Texans died with many Comanche leaders

Santa Fe Expedition June 1841 Lamar sends troops to claim

western boundary of Texas- all of Rio Grande which included Santa Fe & part of present day New Mexico

Mexico did not agree neither did the citizens of Santa Fe; Texans were captured & taken to Mexico City

Caused Mexico to raid TX again

Native Troubles Lamar ordered Chief

Bowles to lead Cherokees out of TX.

Bowles refuses & is killed

Cherokees were forced to present day Oklahoma

Cordova Rebellion Led by Vicente Cordova Organizes with group of

about 400 people loyal to Mexico near Angelina River

Before anything could happen the group was put down but distrust of Native Americans & Mexicans increased

Led to Cherokees being forced to Oklahoma

Texas Rangers Lamar used Rangers to

fight Mexicans & Native Americans

Jack Coffee Hayes: Best known Texas Ranger; Captain & surveyor of Republic of Texas

Sam Houston Second Administration

from 1841- 1844 Re-elected after Lamar Most Texans were

unhappy with the conflict during Lamar’s administration

Focused on return to peace, decrease public debt, & to prepare TX for statehood

Houston cont’d Due to Santa Fe

Expedition Mexico began to invade TX

Houston used TX Rangers to guard border & end threat

About 300 Texans crossed border into Mier fought in 2 day battle then surrendered

Anson Jones Last president of

Republic Served from 1844 -1845 Supported Houston’s

policies; focused on maintaining peace with Native Americans, tried to limit spending & turned TX over to U.S.

Texas becomes the 28th state in 1845

Texas Navy Used to protect coast during

Houston’s term Lamar had Congress issue

bonds to buy ships Used to conduct

unsuccessful peace negotiations between TX & Mexico

Most officers were recruited from U.S. Navy

Commodored by Edwin W. Moore: dishonorably discharged by Houston for supporting Yucatan Rebels.

Jose Antonio Navarro

Bexar’s representative in Texas Congress

Voice of Tejanos tried to protect their land claims & rights

Helped write state constitution

Supported Lamar Critic of Houston