TeX@2015 - TeX in the 21st Century where are we and what is up · TEX@2015 MartinSchröder...

TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

TEX@2015TEX in the 21st Century – where are we and what is up

Martin Schröder

Chemnitzer Linux-Tage 201521th–22nd March 2015, Chemnitz, Germany

r2348, 2015-03-19T23:12:03Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA

http://www.oneiros.de


mailto:[email protected]

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de/

TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

About me

▶ MS in CS, TEX and PDF expert, Java developer▶ LATEX user since 1989▶ First level support at the LaTeX3 team (1998–2005)▶ pdfTEX maintainer (2001–2008)▶ Member of the LuaTEX team▶ Developer of a number of LATEX packages (since 1990)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

ContentsMotivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

MotivationThree types of booth visitors

a) Does not know TEX

b) Has used TEX some years or decades ago to typeset alarger document and is astonished that it still exists –and wants to know what is newThis talk is for you

c) Currently typesets a larger document with TEX andneeds help






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Where we have been

1978 TEX78

1979 METAFONT79

1982 TEX82 (0)

1983 TEX82 (1.0)

1984 METAFONT84 (0)

1986 Computers & Typesetting(TEXbook etc.)

1986 METAFONT84 (1.0)

1986 TEX 2.0

1986 LATEX

1990 TEX 3.0

1990 METAFONT 2.0

1994 METAPOST

1994 LATEX2𝜀1994–2006 teTEX

1996 TEX Live

1996 ConTEXt

1997 pdfTEX

2004 X ETEX

2007 LuaTEX

2007 ConTEXt MKiV






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Problems we are working on: Unicode input

1982 TEX82: 7bit

1990 TEX 3.0: 8bit

1991 Unicode

1991–2004 Omega: 16bit

2004 X ETEX: 32bit

2007 LuaTEX: 32bit

2010–today Unicode math (works with X ETEX and LuaTEX,but we need more free fonts)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Problems we are working on: FontsTEX does not handle fonts itself but reads only metricinformation (tfm files) and leaves the usage of font filesto the output drivers. Originally these worked only withMETAFONT fonts but nearly nobody outside of the TEXworld created them.The rest of the world instead developed PostScript (1984),TrueType (1991) and lately OpenType (1996). These fontscan be used with troubles (by experts) with TEX and pdfTEX,but then the special features of OpenType are ignored.Today we have X ETEX and LuaTEX which make the usage ofOpenType fonts very simple.






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Problems we are working on: PDFTEX as designed by Knuth writes a device independentoutput format (DVI). Today the standard is PDF (1993).For that we made output drivers and finally pdfTEX (1997),which can write PDF directly.pdfTEX is now the default engine of the TEX world.X ETEX and LuaTEX can also write PDF.The problem now is tagged PDF – that works with LuaTEXand ConTEXt since 2010, but not yet with LATEX.






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

A short overwiew: LATEX workflow(LA)TEX Source

??TEX Compiler

Class filePackages

binary format fileFonts (metrics)

DVI file aux files

external programsIndex,Bibliography,Glossar)

DVI driverFonts (Type1,Type3, Bitmap,TTF, OTF) b

b

PS file

ghostscript

PDF file PDF file PDF file

The structure of a TEX system withpdfTEX, XETEX or LuaTEX as

compiler which can generate anoutput as PDF or in the driver

independent DVI format.

XETEX LaTEXLuaTEX

pdfLaTEXLuaLaTEX

XETEX






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

The engines

TEX the original by Donald Knuth

𝜀-TEX small evolutionary extensions

pdfTEX can create PDF and offersmicrotypographical extensions

X ETEX handles Unicode input and OpenType fonts;uses operating system specific libraries forfont handling

LuaTEX can create PDF and offers microtypographicalextensions, handles Unicode input andOpenType fonts; integrates Lua as aprogramming language, but is stillcompatible to TEX; integrates METAPOST.Currently in stable beta (0.80); 1.0 isplanned for 2016.






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

LATEXMuch has changed since LATEX 2.09 (1989):

▶ LATEX2𝜀: Planned as an intermediate version (𝜖)between LATEX2.09 and LATEX3; very stable since 1994

▶ KOMA script: An alternative to the standard classesadapted to the typographical conventions of Europewhich offers many extensions

▶ hyperref: Adds support for hyperlinks, forms andother capabilities of PDF (e. g. metadata)

▶ LATEX3: Develops slowly but now offers a goodfoundation for developers of classes and packageswhich is used by many new packages (e. g. for X ELATEXand LuaLATEX)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

X ELATEX and LuaLATEXTo use the extensions of X ETEX and LuaTEX with LATEX somepackages have been developed which can be used withthe commands xelatex and lualatex:

▶ fontspec: Font handling▶ polyglossia: Multilingual documents; an

alternative to babel▶ luatextra: Loads all packages needed for LuaLATEX






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Presentations with LATEXPresentations are one of the most popular uses of TEX.LATEX2𝜀 offers only the obsolete slides class. Thereforealternatives have been developed of which two are mostoften used:

▶ beamer: Used for this talk, offers an excellentsupport of PDF

▶ powerdot: Uses PSTricks and therefore needs dvipsor X ETEX






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

ConTEXtConTEXt is an alternative to LATEX that now (with versionMk IV) makes extensive use of LuaTEX and PDF to offerfeatures that are hard or impossible with LATEX, e. g.:

▶ Multicolumn typesetting▶ Integrated use of METAPOST (also possible with

LuaLATEX)▶ Handling of XML▶ Support of layers▶ Typesetting on a grid▶ Creation of tagged PDF, XML, ePUB






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Images

▶ Inclusion of images: pdfTEX, X ETEX and LuaTEX canhandle JPEG, PNG and PDF when creating PDF; pdfTEXand LuaTEX can also handle JBIG2. EPS must beconverted which is now done automagically

▶ Some packages and programs for diagrams






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

METAPOST

An extension of METAFONT which can create PostScriptand SVG. It can be used for diagrams and is integratedinto LuaTEX.

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TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

TiKZ/PGFTikZ and PGF are TEX packages for creating graphicsprogrammatically. TikZ is build on top of PGF and allowsyou to create sophisticated graphics in a rather intuitiveand easy manner.

TikZTikZ && PGFPGF

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TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

PSTricksA macro package for LATEX which uses PostScript for thecreation of diagrams and graphics.

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bierschky, B. Ludascher. Total and Partial Well-Founded Datalog Coincide.Proc. 6th Intl. Conference on Database Theory (ICDT), Delphi, Greece, 1997,LNCS 1186, Springer).

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TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

AsymptoteA descriptive vector graphics language that provides anatural coordinate-based framework for technical drawing.Labels and equations are typeset with LATEX, forhigh-quality PostScript output.

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x

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1

2

3

4

5

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f(x, y)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

BibliographiesOne of the strengths of LATEX is the handling ofbibliographies with BibTEX

▶ BibTEX: Can only handle 7Bit and is difficult toprogram

▶ BibTEX8: Can only handle 8Bit and is difficult toprogram

▶ Biber: A replacement of BibTEX used by BibLATEX; XMLsupport is planned. The style files are programmedin TEX

▶ BibLATEX is the future (for LATEX)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

IndexesGood scientific books have indexes, so their creation alsohad to be automated

▶ MakeIndex: The standard solution since 1986;handles only 7bit

▶ Xindy: Handles any language and unicode, sortingcan be adapted, can handle arbitrary “page numbers”(e. g. “Genesis 1:31”), the markup can be configured

▶ Every generated index can be manipulated as neededby external programs






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

FontsIt is not enough to have programs that can handleOpenType fonts, we also need good free OpenType fonts:

▶ Latin Modern: An extended and improved version ofComputer Modern, which supports all “roman”languages

▶ TEX Gyre: Extended and improved versions of theGhostScript PostScript default fonts

▶ Many polish fonts (Antykwa Toruńska, Kurier andIwona, Cyklop)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Math fontsTEX of course needs math fonts and for decades has beenthe reference implementation for math typesetting, somath fonts (very few) were designed for TEX. With theadvent of OpenType Microsoft designed OpenType mathand created a math font (Cambria Math) for use withOffice. Work is ongoing and mostly finished to extend theTEX engines (X ETEX and LuaTEX) to handle OpenType mathand to create free OpenType math fonts:

▶ Latin Modern and TEX Gyre: Work is ongoing onOpenType math

▶ Asana math: Free math font designed to complementPalatino. Beta.

▶ STIX/XITS: Free math fonts designed to complementTimes. STIX is designed to handle all mathematicalsymbols included in Unicode; XITS is the OpenTypeversion.






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

TEX distributionsSince the installation of TEX was a real problem in theolden days (in the last millenium…), free and operatingsystem independent TEX distributions were developed ofwhich these two are still active:

TEX Live For Unix, MacOS and Windows. Has its ownpackage management and offers onlineupdates. All moden Unix distributions gettheir TEX from TEX Live.

MikTEX For Windows with a package managementand online updates

Both would be impossible without CTAN (theComprehensive TEX Archive Network), a network of FTPserves which offer software related to TEX






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

BooksThere are a lot of books on LATEX and new ones are stillpublished, but some deserve special attention

LATEX Companion The LATEX3 projects sole income is fromthe sale of the LATEX Companion, thefollow-up to the LATEX manual by LeslieLamport

DANTE books Since there were some books on LATEXmissing and publishers are not alwaysinterested (the german translation ofLamport’s book is unavailable for someyears) DANTE (the german TEX user group)has published some books on its own (e. g.on KOMA script and PSTricks)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

The communityThe TEX community is quite active:

User groups There are a number of national (and oneinternational: TUG) user groups, of which DANTE(for german speakers) is the largest with morethen 2000 members

Own conferences DANTE organises two conferences every yearand there are conferences by other user groups(of these the polish one is highly recommended),one european and one on ConTEXt

Conferences by others For some years we also participate inconferences by others (e. g. the LinuxTag,FrOSCon, or OpenRheinRuhr) with booths andpresentations

Funding The developement of TEX et. al. is not funded bycompanies but mainly by the user groups (fromtheir membership fees and contributions)






TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

Stackexchange

▶ tex.stackexchange.com aka TeX.SX▶ Public online since November 2010▶ Currently (2015-03-18) more than 59k registered

users, ca. 83k questions and more than 114kanswers; ca. 80k visitors per day

▶ Unique in features and interface▶ Has become the first stop for online TEX support▶ The complete content is released under the cc-wiki

license, regular database dumps are freely availablefor download on clearbits.net

▶ More infos



http://tex.stackexchange.com

https://www.tug.org/members/TUGboat/tb32-3/tb102kottwitz.pdf




TEX@2015

Martin Schröder

Motivation

A retrospective

Problems

The foundations

LATEX

ConTEXt

Graphics

Bibliographies

Indexes

Fonts

Distribution

Literature

Community

Summary

DE

SummaryAlthough TEX is now nearly 36 years old, it is still activelydeveloped. The main topics are Unicode input and theuse of OpenType fonts. The programs developed todayare X ETEX and LuaTEX; both can and should be used (butone needs an up to date installation of TEX)

LATEX is still the standard and is being adapted to the newprograms; ConTEXt is a very interesting “newcomer” whichdevelopes very fast






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