Particle Physics FOR Introducing Particle Physics Pablo del Amo Sanchez.
Testing QM in Particle Physics
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Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Testing QM in Testing QM in Particle Physics Particle Physics Physics Particle Physics Quantum Theory by by Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Vienna Austria experimental phenomenological conceptual mathematical aspects
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Testing QM in Particle Physics. by Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Vienna Austria. experimental phenomenological conceptualmathematical aspects. Testing QM in high energy physics. New Physics !. Hiesmayr, Found. of Phys. Lett. 14 (2001). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Testing QM in Particle Physics
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Testing QM in Testing QM in Particle PhysicsParticle Physics
Physics Particle Physics Quantum Theory
bybyBeatrix C. HiesmayrBeatrix C. Hiesmayr
Institute for Theoretical PhysicsUniversity of Vienna
Austria
experimental phenomenological conceptual mathematical aspects
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Testing QM in high energy physics
Bell inequalitiesBell inequalities How to measure entanglement or decoherence?How to measure entanglement or decoherence?
““Kaonic” Quantum ErasersKaonic” Quantum Erasers “Erasing the Past and Impacting the Future”
Bohr’s Complementarity in two-path interferometyBohr’s Complementarity in two-path interferomety (kaons are doubleslits given freely by Nature)
Duality in Particle PhysicsDuality in Particle Physics
•Bertlmann, Durstberger, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003) 012111.
•Bertlmann, Grimus, Hiesmayr,Phys. Rev. D 60 (1999) 114032.
Bramon,Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 022112.
•Hiesmayr, Found. of Phys. Lett. 14 (2001).•Bertlmann, Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Lett. A 332, (2004) 355.•Bertlmann, Grimus, Hiesmayr, Phys. Lett. A 289 (2001) 21.•Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A 63 (2001) 062112.
•Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 020405.
•Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A 68 (2004). 062111
Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Eur. J. Phys. C 32 (2004) 377.
KEK (Japan) & DANE?
Aharanov & Zubairy: Science 307:875, 2005
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Outline
R. Feynman:“The double slit
contains the only mystery.”
“If there is any place where we have a chance to test the main principles of
quantum mechanics in the purest way---does the superposition of amplitudes
work or doesn't it?---this is it.”
R. Feynman about neutral kaons:
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Neutral kaons viewed a little differently:
2 20 12
( )S L
S Limt tiL
t t mSK e K e Kt
Kaon in time: short-lived state long-lived state
10 1S
L
10 ...decay width of K1/ 600 ...decay width of K
0.5 ...mass difference
S s
L S
L S Sm m m
„A kaon is a kind of double slit“
Strangeness:
Mass-eigenstates:
Feynman diagram
0 0
0 0
S K K
S K K
,S LK K
0 12 S LK K K
Bramon,Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 022112.
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
“Erasing the past and impacting the future”
1801 Thomas Young:Photons interfere!
Interference lost because photon watched (gain which way info)!
Erasing the which way info brings interference back!No wonder Einstein would be confused!
1982 Drühl & Scully:
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
ComplementarityComplementarity
The observation of an interference pattern and the adquisition of which-way information are mutually exclusive.
Quantum systems possess properties that are equally real but mutually exclusive!
wave-particle duality
Bohr’s principle of complementarity:
Interferometric duality:
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Quantitative complementarityQuantitative complementarity
How to quantify?How to quantify?
Greenberger and Yasin (1988):
Englert (1996)
220 ( 1) ( )V P yy y
predictability=a priori which-way knowledge
fringe visibilitypure
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Complementarity for kaonsComplementarity for kaons
0( ) ( ) ( ) ( )1 cos( )y y y yI N F V
20
1cosh(
()
)tt
V
Visibility (“wave-like” property):
Intensity:
20 0 0 12
2
20 0 0 12
2
1( , ) ( ) 1 cos( )cosh( )
1( , ) ( ) 1 cos( )cosh( )
t t tt
t
K K K m
K K K mt tt
Neutral kaons:
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Complementarity for kaonsComplementarity for kaons
220 ( 1) ( )V Pt t t
( ) ( ) ( , ) ( , ) tanh) )( (2I II S Ly p y p y K t K t tP
Predictability (“particle-like” property):
20
1cosh(
()
)tt
V
Visibility (“wave-like” property):
Bohr’s complementarity relation:
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
ComplementaryComplementary
Physics Quantum Theory Particle Physics
Nuclear Physics
Quantitative complementarity in two-path interferometry:
1. Double–slit-like experiments2. Particle oscillations3. Scattering of identical particles
unifiedunified formalism formalism in terms of in terms of ``complementarity´´``complementarity´´
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Quantum eraser for kaons?Quantum eraser for kaons?
•Ou, Wang, Zou & Mandel 1990•Zou, Wang & Mandel 1991•Herzog, Kwiat, Weinfurter & Zeilinger 1995•Kwiat, Steinberg & Chiao 1992•Tsegaye and Björk 2000•Walborn, Terra Cunha, Padua & Moken 2002•Kim, Yu, Kulik, Shih & Scully 2000•Tifonov, Björk, Sönderholm & Tsegaye 2002
Atoms: Dürr, Rempe 2000
Entangled photons:
Scully, Drühl 1982: gedanken experiment concerning the possibility to erase information contained in quantum states
Experiments:
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Experiment: Herzog et al.
12 object meter object meter
H V V Hie
second passage first passage
normalized to surviving kaon pairs
rlrl LKSKmiSKLK ee
e
21
1
1
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Experiment: Kim et al.
choice to show which way info or not is partially active!
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Measurements:
“Active” measurement:Strong interactions:K0+p K++nK0+p +K0+n K-+p, +
“Passive” measurement:Semileptonic decay modes Q=S:K0(sd)(ud)+l++l
K0(sd) (ud)+l-+l
“Active” measurement:Free propagation:
any decay mode observed before t+4.8 S are identified as KS at time t
Misidentification: few parts in 10-3!
“Passive” measurement:Sensitive to the decay modes:
2 ’s are identified as KS
3 ’s are identified as KL
Misidentification: few parts in 10-3!
Strangeness basis: 000 KK
Lifetime basis: 102.3
1Re2 3
2
LS KK
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
(A) Active Eraser with active measurements
object system
meter systemS, tl S, tr
0
T, tr0
left (object) right (meter)
1.Setup (matter block remove):
active S active T2.Setup (matter block inserted):
active S active S
source
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
(B) Partially active eraser with active measurements
object system
meter systemS, tl S, tr
0
left (object) right (meter)
active S active T, active S
source
T
partially active choice due to instability of kaon
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
(C) Passive eraser with passive measurements
object system
meter systemS, tl
S
left (object) right (meter)
active S passive T, passive S
source
T T
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
(D) Passive eraser with passive measurements
left (??object??) right (??meter??)
passive T, passive S passive T, passive S
T TS
S
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Summary of “kaonic” eraser
• remarkably all these QE options lead to the same probabilities!•this is even true regardless the temporal ordering•demonstrates nicely the very nature of QE: sorting events
Up to our opinion: It should be possible to test it at DANE!
Frascati 2006, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Questions to the experimenters:
•Are active measurements possible?•Which initial entangled states can be produced (besides the antisymmetric Bell state)?•Can the CP state |K1> be somehow measured? •Or can another superposition be measured?•Can the long lived state |KL> be “boosted”?
