Next Generation Storage Networking for Next Generation Data Centers
Testing Next-Generation Component by Innovation Network ...
Transcript of Testing Next-Generation Component by Innovation Network ...
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Kenny Liao 廖康佑
Keysight AEO Taiwan
Testing Next-Generation Component by Innovation Network Analyzer
利用創新型網路分析儀,測試下世代元件
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Highly integrated beamformer integrated chips
and front-end modules require a wide variety of
tests.
Flexible and precise hardware lets you accurately
measure the real-world performance of active
components.
Modulated signal measurements involve
specialized test instruments.
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• Noise Power Ratio (NPR) test using VNA’s SA class
S11 = b1/a1
S21 = b2/a1
Measurement examples (direct receiver access or DRA configurations)
VNA
Source
(CW)DUT (PA)Booster
amp
• High-power S-parameter tests
To reference
receiver (a1)To test
receiver (b1)
To test
receiver (b2)
VSG
DUT (PA)
To test
receiver (b2)
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ΣRx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Ant2
Ant1 Ant3
Ant4
RFfeed
Beamformer= Core IC+ FEM (Front-end Module)
Antenna module(= Beamformer IC + Antenna elements)
FEM
Core IC
• Multi-direction (Transmitter and Receiver)
• Multi-bands (ex. 28 GHz and 39 GHz)
• Multi-channels (ex. 4 channels / device)
ANT
Tx
Rx
PA
LNA
Antenna
FEM
Beamformer
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Transmitter Receiver
✓ Gain, phase, and VSWR
✓ Spurious
✓ Harmonic distortion
✓ Compression (P1dB)
✓ Pulse profile
✓ Modulation distortion analysis
(ex. EVM, ACP, NPR)
✓ Gain, phase and VSWR
✓ Spurious
✓ Intermodulation distortion
✓ Noise figure
Ant Ant
Tx
Rx
Common
Beamformer Core FEM
Tx
Rx
Common
Beamformer Core FEM
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CW
signal
Signal
Generator
Signal
AnalyzerVector Network
Analyzer
S-parameter
Gain compression
IP3
Noise Figure
ACPR
NPR
EVM
“I need two different instrument setups
to characterize my power amplifier…”
+ Vector Network
Analyzer
Signal
Generator
S-parameter
Gain compression
IP3
Noise Figure+
ACPR
NPR
EVM
New Vector Component
Analyzer (VCA)
Traditional approach
modulated
signal CW and
modulated
signal
Measurement challenges:
✓ EVM measurement accuracy in mmWave
✓ Cost of test with multiple instruments
✓ Complicated test plans
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P R E S E N TAT I O N O U T L I N E
Frequency Converter
Measurements
New DDS Source
Enhancement
Advanced Modulated
Measurements
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• Spurious Test
• Close in Carrier Spurious
• Higher Order Mixing Products
• Distortion Characteristics
• Under CW Drive: Two-Tone Intermodulation
Distortion
• With Modulated Drive
• Error-Vector Magnitude (EVM)
• Adjacent Channel Power
• Gain/Phase/Group Delay vs. Frequency
• Using Swept CW Signals
• NEW: Low-Phase Noise VNA Signal Source
• NEW: Using Modulated Signals
• Phase Noise Measurement of Embedded
Local-Oscillator
• Compression Vs. Frequency
• Modulated vs. Not Modulated
• Noise Figure of Converter
K E Y M E A S U R E M E N T A N D C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
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P N A - X M E A S U R E M E N T C L A S S E S F O R C O N V E R T E R S
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L O W P H A S E N O I S E I M P R O V E S D E L AY J I T T E R
DUT
Test port 3
C
R3
Test port 1
R1
Test port 4
R4
Test port 2
R2
A D B
Source 2
OUT 1 OUT 2 To receivers
LO
Source 1
OUT 1 OUT 2
Source 3
(≤ 13.5 GHz)
rear panel J9J10J11 J8 J7 J2 J1J4 J3
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D E F I N E T H E M I X E R C O N F I G U R AT I O N ( 1 O R 2 L O )
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G A I N A N D P H A S E , S W E P T C W, F U L LY C A L I B R AT E D
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E X A C T S A M E S E T T I N G S ( S W E E P I S 7 2 % FA S T E R )
New Option UNY = Low Phase Noise
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E V O LV I N G A C T I V E C O M P O N E N T M E A S U R E M E N T S O L U T I O N S
High-performance
analog SigGen
class phase noise
Optional 3rd RF
Source
• New DDS (direct digital synthesizers) source
improving:
• Phase noise by 30 dB
• Measurement performance of apps: • SMC+phase
• Differential-IQ
• Modulation distortion
• NVNA
• iTMSA
• Dynamic range in sub-THz bands by 30 dB
• High-performance analog-SigGen-class low phase
noise (Option UNY, Enhanced low-phase noise)
• 3rd RF source up to 13.5 GHz on 4-port PNA-X
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-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
dB
c/H
z
Offset (Hz)
10 GHz Phase Noise Comparison
C H A L L E N G E S M E T – N O N E E D F O R H I G H - P E R F O R M A N C E S I G G E N
New PNA/PNA-X Option UNY
PSG–UNY
Current PNA/-X
• Eliminates the need of external
high-performance analog signal
generators for the use of LO or
where low-phase noise is needed.
-40
dB
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• Complex measurements require multiple instruments,
but the 3rd source eliminates the need for an external
signal generator for mixer IMD measurements
• Three high-performance analog signal generators
• Fourth synthesizer is the internal Local Oscillator for the
PNA
• Can be used as an independent signal generator
C H A L L E N G E S M E T – S Y S T E M S I M P L I F I C AT I O N
Note: The 3rd source is available only with 4-port PNA-X.
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1 0 T I M E S C L E A N E R - 3 0 T I M E S FA S T E R !
Current PNAEnhanced PNA with new DDS synthesizers
Frequency: 20 GHz, Span: 2 GHz, IFBW: 10 kHz
4.5 seconds with averaging 0.15 seconds with no averaging
Now you can measure faster without sacrificing accuracy
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C H A L L E N G E S M E T - C U R R E N T P N A S O U R C E V S N E W D D S P N A S O U R C E
There are almost no close-in spurs in the DDS source, typically better
than -80 dBc. The phase noise does not limit the dynamic range.1 kHz RBW phase noise is limiting close-in spur
dynamic range
Current PNA Enhanced PNA with new DDS synthesizers
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AT 6 G H Z , N O S P U R S , L O W E R P H A S E N O I S E
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C H A L L E N G E S M E T – N O N - H A R M O N I C S P U R
The wideband sweep shows some sub-harmonic
spur occurring below 4 GHz when the source is near
4.8 GHz. The level is around – 60 dBc at 2.4 GHz.
The wideband sweep shows some a negative
going crossing spur about -86 dBc.
Current PNA Enhanced PNA with new DDS synthesizers
Sweeping the source from 4-5 GHz with trace-max hold on.
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H I G H E S T P E R F O R M A N C E D D S O U T P U T
MXG Port 1
XSB
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N E W : U N Y O P T I O N . L O W P H A S E N O I S E , L O W S P U R
New Option UNY
Low Phase Noise
Low Spurious
200 kHz
Spacing
10 GHz
Center
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G A I N C O M P R E S S I O N O N C O N V E R T E R S
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S C 2 1 V S D R I V E P O W E R
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2 0 1 F R E Q P O I N T S , 2 1 P O W E R P O I N T S , L E S S T H A N 1 S E C O N D
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P H A S E N O I S E O N E M B E D D E D L O
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DUT
Input signal
phase noiseOutput signal
phase noise
• Target applications
• 2-port DUT that requires phase noise or residual
measurement
• Embedded-LO frequency-converters (S93084B users)
• Amplifiers
• Target customers
• A&D customers
• 5G customers
• Research/educational accounts
PNA supplies very clean
signal (low phase noise)
E M B E D D E D - L O F R E Q U E N C Y - C O N V E R T E R P H A S E N O I S E M E A S U R E M E N T
Embedded LO
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I N T E R N A L L O , D C P O W E R E D
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F O R T H I S E X A M P L E , P N A A N D U X A G I V E T H E S A M E R E S U LT S
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N 5 2 2 7 B : U P T O 7 0 G H Z P H A S E N O I S E M E A S U R E M E N T S
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• S930317B Phase noise measurement up to 70 GHz $XX (node-lock perpetual)
• S930321B Phase noise measurement up to 125 GHz $XX (node-lock perpetual)
• Required hardware
• PNA/PNA-X with new DDS source
• Orderable Now
U S L I S T
DUT
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N O I S E F I G U R E M E A S U R E M E N T S
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H E R E W E U S E V E C T O R C O R R E C T I O N T O R E M O V E M I S M AT C H E F F E C T S
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G A M M A - O P T A N D M I N I M U M N O I S E F I G U R E
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I M D A N D S P U R I O U S T E S T
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I M D O F T H E C O N V E R T E R M E A S U R E M E N T
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A . K . A . H I G H E R O R D E R M I X I N G P R O D U C T S
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M O D U L AT E D M E A S U R E M E N T S , G A I N / P H A S E / D E L AY A N D E V M
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M O D U L AT I O N / D I S T O R T I O N A L L O W S M O D U L AT E D I N P U T O N C O N V E R T E R S
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S E T U P T H E D R I V E S I G N A L A N D D E F I N E T H E S I G N A L PAT H
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Y O U C A N S E L E C T A M O D U L AT I O N F I L E , O R C R E AT E A N E W O N E
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H E R E W E C R E AT E A N 8 0 0 M H Z A D D I T I V E - W H I T E - G A U S I A N N O I S E S I G N A L
• An Additive White Gaussian Noise
Signal (AWGN) has a Uniform
Amplitude Spectrum with Random
Phase
• Setting the waveform period makes this
have an underlying multitone
characteristic
• Setting the phase to Random makes
this a AWGN signal
• Changing the Random Phase Seed can
change the peak-to–average ratio
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H E R E W E C R E AT E A N 8 0 0 M H Z A D D I T I V E - W H I T E - G A U S S I A N N O I S E S I G N A L
• Here we see the drive signal consisting of 1001 tones.
• It should have flat response, but due to cables, connectors and mismatch, the power flatness has
about 2 dB p-p error.
• We have a special modulation correction method to perfect the signal.
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S O U R C E M O D U L AT I O N C O R R E C T I O N M A K E S A P E R F E C T S I G N A L
• After correction, the flatness error is less than 0.1 dB p-p; the power level is exactly correct
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T H E M O D U L AT I O N WAV E F O R M I S M E A S U R E D AT I N P U T A N D O U T P U T
• This lower plot shows the gain and
phase under low-power modulated
drive
• The results are nearly identical
• This upper plot shows traditional
swept CW frequency gain and
phase
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G A I N , P H A S E , A N D G R O U P D E L AY C A N B E M E A S U R E D U S I N G M O D U L AT I O N
• This lower plot shows the group
delay response. For the first
time a VNA can show group
delay of a converter, driven with
a wideband modulated signal
• This upper plot compares gain
at 0.5 dB per division. Almost
perfect agreement between
Swept CW and Wideband
modulated signal
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G A I N C O M P R E S S I O N S H O W S A B I G D I F F E R E N C E F O R M O D U L AT E D D R I V E
• This upper plot shows -15 dBm
drive in Swept CW traces, with 1
dB compression
• This bottom plot shows -15 dBm
drive for Modulated Signal. The
compression is greater, and there is
big variation on the signal
• The modulation signal has 9 dB
peak-to-avg signal, so 6 dB higher
peaks than CW, meaning more
compression
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L O W P O W E R ( P U R P L E ) , H I G H P O W E R ( Y E L L O W )
• This upper plot shows -15
dBm Modulated Signal Drive.
• The top of the yellow traces
shows a lot of deviation due
to intermodulation of the
underlying multitone signal
• This lower plot shows the
output with -25 dBm signal
drive.
• The tops of the multitone
spectrum are smooth and
variation is due to the filter in
the converter.
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M O D X C A N S H O W D I S T O R T I O N D I R E C T LY, A S W E L L A S C O M P U T E E V M
• This upper plot shows -30 dBm
Modulated Signal Drive.
• The purple trace (almost off the
screen) shows minimal
distortion. The EVM of this
converter is only 0.4% across
the 640 MHz Signal BW
• This lower plot shows -15 dBm
signal drive.
• The distortion is clearly visible
in the purple trace. The blue
trace is output power, and the
“fuzziness” on top is due to
distortion. Here the EVM is
computed at 6.87%
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S AT C O M C O N V E R T E R S W I T H B U I LT - I N O S C I L L AT O R S
• All the test methods presented
are supported by option 084:
• Automatic detection of
frequency for a converter with
an embedded LO
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• PNA-X is recognized as the premier instrument for complex component test
• New DDS synthesizer hardware greatly improves the system performance in
many areas• Faster Measurements
• Much lower residual noise
• No detectible close-in spurs
• Narrow-spaced IMD
• New Software Application capabilities apply to wideband modulated signal test• Phase Noise Measurements
• Gain/Phase/Group Delay, with precise results, when driven with wideband modulated signals
• Distortion of the Frequency Converter under test can be determined
• Precision EVM measurements on modulated signals through converters are now available
• All Test Methods support converters with Embedded LO
P N A - X T E S T M E T H O D S F O R F R E Q U E N C Y C O N V E R T E R S
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N E W, S E C O N D E D I T I O N , AVA I L A B L E J U LY 2 0 2 0
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✓ Lower-cost for production tests
✓ Includes PXI vector adapter for signal
generation
✓ Scalable, compact PXI-based systems
✓ DUT: Amplifiers
M981xAS PXI VCA
(w/ PXI vector adapter)
M981xAS
✓ Solution for R&D and DVT
✓ Requires external wideband source for
signal generation
✓ Simple & easy setup, single connection
✓ DUT: Amplifiers, frequency converting
components
PNA-X with External VSG
PNA-X
(ex. M9383/84 VXG,
PSG+AWG, or MXG)
Modulated
source
2
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✓ Directional couplers and cables are provided as an option of M981xAS. (Option 870)
✓ M981xAS with receiver modules is only available >= 26.5 GHz. For measurements up to 20 GHz,
recommend 4-port or 6-port options of M980xA PXI VNA and enable direct receiver access (DRA)
configurations.
Integrated wideband modulated signal source
✓ Lower-costHalf price of standalone benchtop
instruments for mmWave test (No SA
required)
✓ High throughputIdeal for production tests with single-
connection measurements
✓ Excellent accuracyVector-corrected measurements with
low EVM
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Single-connection measurements of vector network
analysis and modulation distortion analysis (ex. EVM)
✓ Integrates vector adapter in a compact PXI
form factor (M981xAS option 750/751)
✓ Modulation distortion analysis from 22 GHz
to 44 GHz (max 1.08 GHz BW), in addition
to wideband vector network analysis
2. M981xAS (with PXI vector adapter)
M981xAS(+ PXI chassis,
controller)
NEW
✓ Requires external VSG and combiner for both
VNA (CW) and modulated sources.
✓ VSG is directly controlled by M981xAS firmware
(via Ethernet/USB connection)
1. M981xAS + External VSG
M981xAS(+ PXI chassis,
controller)
Modulated
source(ex. VXG, M9383A/B,
VXT, or MXG)
* External VSG and combiner must be purchased separately.
Combiner
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M9037A
PXI Embedded
controller
M9019A
18-slot PXI
chassis
Vector Adapter (M981xAS-750/751)• M9336A AWG (left)
• M9810A Vector Modulator (right)
VNA (M981xAS-691)• M980xA VNA (left)
• 2x M981xA Receiver-only Modules (right)
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VNA(M981XAS-491/691)
DUTBooster
amp
Attenuator
M980xA
VNAM981xA
Receiver
Directional
coupler
S11 = b1/a1
S21 = b2/a1
S12 = b1/a2
S22 = b2/a2
Physical port
(Logical or DRA port)
Port 1
(CW source)Receiver 1
(a1)
Port 2
(CW source,
a2, b2)
Receiver 2
(b1)
M980xA
VNA
M981xA
Receiver
Configuration example for high-power
measurements (M981xAS-491)
✓ Frequency: 100 kHz to 26.5/32/44/53 GHz
✓ M980xA VNA and Receiver module(s) are
connected with interconnect cables.
✓ VNA firmware combines physical test ports
to define as a logical port
✓ More flexible setup for optimized
performance (ex. MOD analysis or high-
power)2-port VNA with DRA
configuration on port 1
(M981xAS Option 491)
(a1) (b1) (b2)
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M980xA PXI VNA
✓ Full VNA integrating a source and receivers
✓ # of test ports: 2, 4, or 6-port up to 20 GHz,
2-port up to 53 GHz
✓ Max frequency:
4.5/6.5/9/14/20/26.5/32/44/53 GHz
✓ Ideal for small-signal, multiport testing
using standard configurations
M981xA Receiver Module
✓ Lower-cost, receiver-only hardware (without
internal source)
✓ Max frequency: 26.5/32/44/53 GHz
✓ Only available as an option of M981xAS
(Can not be purchased separately)
✓ For direct receiver access (DRA)
configurations (ex. high-power, MOD
analysis, NPR, etc.)
a1
LO OUT
RFLORef
Port 1 Port 2
LO IN
b1 b2
a2
LO OUT
LORef
Receiver 1 Receiver 2
LO IN
a1 b1
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DRA configuration on port 1
(M981xAS-491)
✓ M981xAS option 491 (including one M980xA and
one M981xA) configures DRA on VNA’s port 1.
✓ More accurate S11 measurements compared to a
standard configuration.
DRA configuration on port 1 & 2
(M981xAS-691)
S11 = b1/a1
S21 = b2/a1
S12 = b1/a2
S22 = b2/a2
Physical port
(Logical or DRA port)
✓ M981xAS Option 691 (including one M980xA and
two M981xAs) configures DRA on VNA’s both
ports.
✓ Optimized high-power S-parameter measurements
with improved S/N ratio and directivity for S12 and
S22.
Port 1
(CW source)Receiver 1
(a1)
Port 2
(CW source,
a2, b2)
M980xA
PXI VNAM981xA
Receiver
Attenuator Directional
coupler x2
DUT
Receiver 2
(b1)
Booster
amp
Port 1
(CW source)Receiver 1
(a1)
Port 2
(CW
source)
Receiver 2
(b1)
M980xA
PXI VNAM981xA
Receiver
Receiver 1
(a2)
Receiver 2
(b2)
M981xA
Receiver
DUTDirectional
coupler x2
Directional
coupler x2
Booster
amp
* S/N ratio for S12 and S22 may be degraded due to large
attenuation on DUT’s output with this configuration.
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Frequency range M980xA VNA module Receiver-only module
100 kHz to
26.5/32/44/53 GHz
(ex. 5G FR2)
2-port VNA (Opt. 200)Included with M981xAS
Option 491/691
9 kHz to
4.5/6.5/9/14/20 GHz
(ex. 5G FR1)
2, 4, or 6-port VNA
(Opt.200/400/600)
N/A
(Note: Receiver-only modules are NOT
available for the frequency under 20 GHz.
Order either 4-port (opt.400) or 6-port
(opt.600) option of M980xA PXI VNA to
configure DRA.)
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Vector adapter
(M981XAS-750/751)
✓ Outputs either CW (for network analysis) or
modulated signal (for MOD analysis) from a
single common port
✓ S-parameter frequency: 100 MHz to
32/44/53 GHz
✓ MOD frequency: 22 GHz to 44 GHz
✓ Max 1.08 GHz BW (*)
✓ Fast setting time with solid-state
switches/attenuator
✓ Provides single-connection measurements
(Feb'21 release)
M981xAS-750/751 Block Diagram
M9810A
Vector ModulatorM9336A
AWG
I
Q
Ch 1+
Ch 2+
Ref
From M980xA
RF
OUTPUT
RF
INPUT
CW Signal
(From M980xA)
CW or modulated
signals
(To DUT’s input)* Max bandwidth of option 751 is frequency dependent. Max bandwidth is 500 MHz for
31.8 GHz to 37 GHz.
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63Keysight Confidential
Gain over frequencyMatching
EVM + ACP
(100 MHz BW Modulation)
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Note:
• Requires one S95551A/B software license on a host PC (i.e. PXI embedded controller) to enable the operation using multiple VNA modules.
• (S95551A/B is NOT required for the operation with ONE PXI VNA and multiple receivers.)
• Interconnect cable kit (Y1730A) is necessary to share signals among PXI VNAs and receiver modules.
+ ..
8 receivers
Rcv #
1
Rcv #
2
Rcv #
3
Rcv #
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
VN
A #
1
VN
A #
2
VN
A #
3
8-port VNA
7
8
VN
A #
4
Example)
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• With vector correction, M981xAS provides excellent accuracy for EVM measurements.
• Conditions: Measured EVM of 11900B adapter (female-female, 2.4-mm connectors) using a compact waveform of
5G NR (8 usec period).
• With M9818AS with option 750. Noise bandwidth = 10 Hz. Receiver attenuator on port 1 & 2: 0 dB (output power
< -5 dBm), 20 dB (output power >= -5 dBm).
• 100 MHz bandwidth, 64QAM, 120 kHz SCS, 2,972 Number of tones.
-50 dB
(= 0.32%)
Ex.) DUT: Thru adapter between port 1 & 2
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• Good correlation is observed between two VCA solutions, VXG + PNA-X and M981xAS.
Ex.) DUT: N4985A power amp, 5GNR 64QAM SCS 120 kHz (waveform period 8 us (compact)), 100 MHz modulation BW
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
EVM
[%
]
DUT’s output power [dBm]
28GHz 100MBW
VXG & PNA-X
Waltz
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
EVM
[%
]
DUT’s output power [dBm]
39GHz 100MBW
VXG & PNA-X
WaltzM9818AS w/ opt.750 M9818AS w/ opt.750
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Keysight Confidential
• M980xA PXI VNA is faster than N5224/25B PNA for both narrow band and wide band measurements.
Narrow band (9 to 10 GHz) Wide band (10 MHz to 40/43.5 GHz)
Note:
• M980xA: 9 to 10 GHz, 1 MHz IFBW. Used with M9037A & M9019A, F/W rev. A.14.10.08
• N5224B/25B: 9 to 10 GHz, 600 kHz IFBW. (data sheet in June-20)
Note:
• M980xA: 10 MHz to 40 GHz, 1 MHz IFBW. Used with M9037A & M9019A, F/W rev. A.14.10.08
• N5224B/25B: 10 MHz to 43.5 GHz, 600 kHz IFBW. (data sheet in June-20)
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• Optimized measurement
speed with PXI instruments
• Single-connection for network
analysis and MOD analysis
• Ideal for mass productions
High Throughput
• Low residual EVM with
vector correction
• Repeatable and
correlated results with
proven PNA-X solution
Excellent accuracy
• Lower cost of test than
multiple-instruments
solutions (VSG, VSA,
and VNA, etc.)
Lower-cost Solution
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Web pages• Keysight PXI VNA Page: www.keysight.com/find/pxivna
• Keysight Vector Network Analyzer Page: www.keysight.com/find/na
Literatures• M981xAS PXI Vector Component Analyzer Data Sheet: 5992-3596
• M981xAS PXI Vector Component Analyzer Configuration Guide: 3120-1344
• M980xA PXIe Vector Network Analyzer Data Sheet: 5992-3596EN
• M980xA PXIe Vector Network Analyzer Configuration Guide: 5992-3597EN
• Keysight Vector Network Analyzer Selection Guide: 5989-7603EN
• ECal Module Technical Overview: 5963-3743E