Testing grammar and vocabulary (1)
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TESTING GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Daniel F. Cali O.
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CONTENTS:1. Grammar
1.1 Why test grammar?1.2 Specifications1.3 Sampling1.4 Items1.5 Scoring
2. Vocabulary2.1 Why test vocabulary?2.2 Specifications2.3 Items2.4 Testing production ability
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GRAMMAR
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Times have changed…
Past Present
Language skills
Grammar
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Times have changed…
Past Present
Language skills
CA: e.g. EBP
Grammar
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WHY GRAMMAR?
“[…] gramatical ability, or rather, the lack of it, sets limits to what can be achieved in the way of skills performance.”
Existing gaps in students' gramatical repertoires…
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Writing specifications
Achievement tests
• Straightforward
Placement tests
• All the structures
Proficiency tests
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Sampling
Specific structur
es
Most importa
nt structur
es
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ItemsTEXT
GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT
NATURAL LANGUAGE
Corpus based examples…
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Items
Techniques
Gap filling
Paraphrase
Multiple choice
CompletionProduction Production
Production
Recognition
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Gap filling
• Idea:One correct answer!
Examples:
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I am going to travel to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I will take my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I will go with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We will buy one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
WILL VS. GOING TO
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
will help you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to visit to my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it is going to rain.
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I will phone you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we ____ (buy) a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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WILL VS. GOING TO
• 1. Next summer, I _____ (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
• 2. It's getting cold. I _____ (take) my coat!
• 3. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I ______ (go) with you!
• 4. Those watermelons seem delicious. We______ (buy) one!
• 5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I
____ (help) you carry them.
• 6. What ____ (do) tomorrow? I ___ (visit) my family.
• 7. Look at those black clouds. I think it ______ (rain).
• 8. Bye Bye Joe. I ____ (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
• 9. I have been thinking about it and we have decided that we are going to buy a new car.
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3135#a
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Gap filling
• Two answers:Meaning has to be the same.
Example:
I bought a new house ___________ is old but it is nice.Which/that
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Gap filling
• There can be just a gap or there can be a prompt for each gap, as inthe following example:
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Paraphrase
Example:Testing passive, past simple form.
• It was too late when I found out that my uncle sold the bicycle.• It was too late when I found out that the bicycle __________.
“It is helpful to give part of the paraphrase to restrict the students to the grammatical structure being tested.”
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CompletionIt allows the tester to elicit specific structures.
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Multiple choice
• Context!
Examples:
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MODAL VERBS
1) They ________________ be away. A) MayB) Can
2) You ________________ be right.C) Might D) Can
3) The exam ________________ be easy.
E) Might F) Can
4) It ________________ be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the Congo.
A) Can B) Can´t
Source:http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.may3.i.htm
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MODAL VERBS
1) They ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure. A) MayB) Can
2) You ________________ be right but I'm going to check anyway.C) Might D) Can
3) The exam ________________ be easy. You never know.
E) Might F) Can
4) It ________________ be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the Congo. It's impossible.
A) Can B) Can´t
Source:http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.may3.i.htm
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MODAL VERBS
1) They ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure. A) MayB) Can
2) You ________________ be right but I'm going to check anyway.C) Might D) Can
3) The exam ________________ be easy. You never know.
E) Might F) Can
4) It ________________ be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the Congo. It's impossible.
A) Can B) Can´t
Source:http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.may3.i.htm
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MODAL VERBS
1) They ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure. A) MayB) Can
2) You ________________ be right but I'm going to check anyway.C) Might D) Can
3) The exam ________________ be easy. You never know.
E) Might F) Can
4) It ________________ be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the Congo. It's impossible.
A) Can B) Can´t
Source:http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.may3.i.htm
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MODAL VERBS
1) They ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure. A) MayB) Can
2) You ________________ be right but I'm going to check anyway.C) Might D) Can
3) The exam ________________ be easy. You never know.
E) Might F) Can
4) It ________________ be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the Congo. It's impossible.
A) Can B) Can´t
Source:http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.may3.i.htm
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Scoring production grammar test• A candidate should not be penalised for a missing third person –s
when the item is testing relative pronouns.
• In other words: Grade what you are supposed to grade!
(Feedback!)
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VOCABULARY
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Why vocabulary?
• Achievement tests: washback effect!
• Placement tests: lexical items as a prerequisite…
Use a published
test…
Construct one‘s own…
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Why vocabulary?
• Achievement tests: washback effect!
• Placement tests: lexical items as a prerequisite…
Use a published
test…
Construct one‘s own…
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Specifications
• Achievement tests:Add all the new items!
• Placement tests:Frequency!
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Sampling
Frequency
Usefulne
ss
Samplin
g
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Items
• Testing recognition ability:
Multiple choice questions:
Recognize synonymsRecognize definitionsRecognize appropiate word for context
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Recognize synonyms
Choose an alternative (a, b, c or d)
• Gleama. b. c. d.
gather shine welcone clean
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Recognize definitions
• Loathe means:
Dislike intenselyBecome seriously illSearch carefullyLook very angry
• Bill is someone I loathe:
Like very muchDislike intenselyRespectFear
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Recognize appropiate word for context • Context, rather than a definition or synonym:
Example:
The strong wind _________ the man's efforts to put up the tent.
a. Disabledb. Hamperedc. Derangedd. Regaled
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Items
• Testing production ability:
PicturesDefinitionsGap filling
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Pictures
• Examples:
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Write down the name of the picture:
_______________________________________
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Write down the name of the picture:
_______________________________________
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HOW IS THE STREET? CROWDED!
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DESCRIBE THIS BEAR
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…AWFUL?
…DELICIOUS?
IS THIS FOOD…?
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HOW IS THE TANK?
EMPTY!
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HOW DO THEY FEEL? RELAXED!
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BABY SKIN IS…
SOFT!
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IN GROUPS, MENTION AS MANY ADJECTIVES AS YOU CAN REGARDING OUR UNIVERSITY
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Definitions
• This may work for a range of lexical items:
• __________ is the second of the year.• __________ is frozen water.
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DefinitionsSolve a crossword…
http://www.educaplay.com/es/recursoseducativos/1242724/vocabulary.htm
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Gap filling
• One or more sentences with a single word missing:
Because of the snow, the football match was _______ until the following weekend.
Because of the snow, the football match was p - - - - - - - - until the following weekend.
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